]
consequence
an ovation or lesser triumph.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
)
TURPI'LIUS LA'BEO, of Venice, a Roman
knight, contemporary with Pliny, who mentions him
as an exception to the low condition in life of the
generality of Roman painters since Pacuvius. An-
other peculiarity was that he painted with his
left hand.
He was recently dead when Pliny
wrote the passage in which he mentions him.
There were some beautiful pictures by him at Ve-
He may be placed about A. D. 60. (Plin.
H. N. xxxv. 4. s. 7. )
[P. S. )
TURPI'LIUS, SEXTUS, a Roman dramatist
whose productions belonged to the department of
Comoedia Palliata. The titles of thirteen or four-
teen (Acta, Boethuntes, Canephorus, Demetrius,
i Demiurgus, Epiclcrus, IIctaera, Lemnii, Leucalia,
WIIS
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وه ده
rona.
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AS
CAESAR
## p. 1193 (#1209) ##########################################
TURRINUS.
1193
TUTICANUS.
Lindia, Paraterusa, Philopator, Thrasyleon, Veli- | LIUS Q. F. Q. N. TURRINUS, consul B. c. 259 with
terna (? ) have been preserved, together with a few Q. Valerius Falto. (Fasti Capit. ; Gell. xvii. 21,
fragments which will be found collected in the 43, where the reading is C. Manilius. )
Poetarum Latü Scenicorum Fragmenta of Bothe, 2. Q. MAMILIUS TURRINUS, plebeian aedile
vol. ii. p. 76. 8vo. Lips. 1834. Of the above, the B. c. 207 and praetor B. c. 206, obtained by lot the
Thrasyleon appears to have been taken from Me- jurisdictio peregrina, but was sent by the senate
nander, the Demetrius and the Leucauia from into Gaul. (Liv. xxviii. 10. )
Alexis. According to Hieronymus, in the Euse- TURRUS or THURRUS, one of the most
bian Chronicle, Turpilius died, when very old, at powerful of the Celtiberian chiefs conquered by
Sinuessa in B. c. 101. He stands seventh in the Gracchus in B. c. 179, became a faithful ally of the
scale of Volcatius Sedigitus. (SedigiTUS. ] [W. R. ) Romans. (Liv. xl. 49. )
TURPI'LIUS SILANUS. (SILANUS. ) L. TURSELIUS, made M. Antonius his heir,
TU'RPIO, L. AMBI'VIUS, a very celebrated disinheriting his own brother. (Cic. Phil. ii. 16. )
actor in the time of Terence, in most of whose P. TURU'LIUS or TURU'LLIUS, one of
plays he acted. (Didascaliae Terentinnae ; Cic. de Caesar's assassins, was quaestor of Cassius Longi-
Sen. 14 ; Tac. Dial. de Orat. 14 ; Symmach. Ep. i. nus in B. c. 43, and received the command of the
25, 1. 2. )
facet which had been raised by Tillius Cimber in
TU'RPIO, ANTI'STIUS, fought in single Bithynia. After the battle of Philippi, in B. c. 42,
combat Q. Pompeius Niger in the Spanish war in Turulius joined Cassius Parmensis, and subse-
B. C. 45. (Auctor, B. Hisp. 25. )
quently took refuge with Antony, with whom he
TU'RPIO, NAEVIUS. (Naevius, No. 7. ) lived on intimate terms. In order to plense Octa-
TURRA'NIUS or TURA'NIUS. 1. D. TUR- vian, Turulius was surrendered to him by Antony
RANIUS Niger, a friend of Varro, to whom the after the battle of Actium, and was put to death
latter dedicated the second book of his work Re by order of Octavian in the island of Cos that he
Rustica. He was also a friend of Q. Cicero, whom might appear to offer satisfaction to Aesculapius, the
he accompanied to Cilicia, when Quintus went trees of whose sacred grove he had previously cut
there as the legatus of his brother Marcus. (Varr. down for the use of Antony's navy. (Cic. ad Fam.
R. R. ii. Praef. ; Cic. ad Att. i. 6, vi. 9, vii. 1; in xii. 13; Appian, B. C. v. 2; Dion Cass. li. 8;
one of these passages the name is written Turan- Val. Max. i. 1. § 19. )
nius. ) He is perhaps the same as the writer Tur- TURU'LLIUS CERIA'LIS, a primipilaris in
ranius Gracilis, quoted by the elder Pliny. [GRA- A. D. 69. (Tac. Hist. ii. 22. )
CILIS. )
TUSCE'NIUS, an obscure person, whom Q.
2. M. TURRANIUA, praetor B. C. 44, refused a Cicero compelled in B. C. 60 to disgorge some dis-
province which was offered him by Antony, and honest gains. (Cic. ad Q. Fr. i. 1. $ 6, i. 2. § 2. )
is therefore called by Cicero “homo summa inte TUSCIA'NUS (Tovo klavos), of Lydia, a dis-
gritate atque innocentia. " (Cic. Phil. iii. 10. ) tinguished rhetorician in the fourth century of the
3. TURRANIUS, a gic poet mentioned by Christian aera. (Eunap. Jul. p. 95, Proacr. p. 111;
Ovid (ex Pont, iv. 16. 29).
Suidas, s. v. )
4. Č. TURRANIUS, praefectus annonae at the TUSCI'LIUS NOMINATUS, an orator and
death of Augustus, A. D. 14, was one of the first a contemporary of the younger Pliny, who men-
to swear allegiance to Tiberius upon his accession. tions him in his correspondence (Ep. v. 4, 14).
He continued to hold this office till the reign of TUSCUS, C. AQUI'LLIUS, consul B. C. 487
Claudius, for he is spoken of as praefectus rei fru- with T. Sicinius Sabinus, carried on war against
mentariae in A. D. 48. (Tac. Ann. i. 7, xi. 31. ) the Hernici, whom he defeated, and obtained in
5. TURRANIUS RUFINUS. [RUFINUS, No. 1.
] consequence an ovation or lesser triumph. (Fasti
TURRIA’NUS, a Volscian of Fregellae, was Capit. ; Liv. ii. 40; Dionys. viii. 64, 65, 67. )
an eminent statuary in clay, in the early Etruscan TUSCUS, CAECI'NA. (CAECINA, No. 8. ]
period, and the maker of a statue of Jupiter, which TUSCUS, CLO'DIUS, to whom Asinius Capito
was dedicated by Tarquinius Priscus, and which wrote a letter, which is quoted by Gellius (v.
was painted with vermilion on great festivals. 20).
This is according to the common text of Pliny TUSCUS, CORNELIUS, an historian, and
(H. N. xxxv. 12. s. 45); but the reading is so very described by Seneca as a man quam improbi
doubtful, and the critical discussion of it so com- animi, tam infelicis ingenii,” accused Mamercus
plicated, with so very little hope of a satisfactory Aemilius Scaurus of majestas in A. D. 34. (Senec.
result, that we must be content to refer the reader Suas. 2, sub fin. ; Tac. Ann. vi. 29. )
to the following works, in which the question is TUSCUS, FABRI'CIUS, a Roman writer, of
treated at length. (Sillig's Pliny, l. c. , and Jan's whom nothing is known except that he was used
Supplement; Sillig, Cutal. Artif
. Append. s. v. ; by Pliny in drawing up his Natural History (Index,
Jan, in the Jen. Litl. Zeitung, 1838, p. 258 ; | lib. iii. foll. ).
Kunstblatt, i832, No. 49, 1833, No. 51; Müller, TUTELI'NA, an agricultural divinity among
Etrusker, vol. ii. p. 246, and Archäol. d. Kunst, the Romans, or, perhaps, rather an attribute of
§ 171, ed. Welcker. )
[P. S. ] Ops, by which she is described as the goddess
TURRI'NUS, CLO'DIUS, the name of two protecting the fruits which have been brought in
rhetoricians, father and son, spoken of with praise at the harvest time from the fields. Tutelina, Secia
by the elder Seneca, who gives a short account of and Messia had three pillars with altars before
them. The elder by his eloquence obtained wealth them in the Circus. (August. De Civ. Dei, iv. 8 ;
and honour, and held an important public office in Macrob. Sat. i. 16; Plin. H. N. xviii. 2; Varro, De
Spain. The son was an intimate friend of Seneca. Ling. Lat. v. 74. )
[L. S. ]
(Senec. Controv. v. Praef. p. 333, ed. Bip. , Suas. 2, TUTICA'NUS, a friend of Ovid, who addressed
Contr. 30–35. )
to him one of his extant epistles from Pontus (iv.
TURRI'NUS, MAMI'LIUS. 1. C. Mani | 12). Tuticanus had made a free translation into
66
## p. 1194 (#1210) ##########################################
1194
TYCHE.
TYCHONIUS.
66
:
Latin verse of the Odyssey, or at least of a portion TY'CHICUS, Q. HATE’RIUS, an architect,
of it, to which Ovid refers in the lines: -
who is mentioned in two extant inscriptions, from
Digriam Maeoniis Phaeacida condere chartis
which it appears that he held the office of redemp-
Cum te Piörides perdocuere tuae. "
tor operum under the emperor Claudius, and that
he constructed and adorned with marbles, at his
Ovid likewise alludes to this poem in another pas- own expense, a small temple of Hercules. (For
Bilge' (" Et qui Maeoniam Phaeacida vertit," ex the inscriptions themselves, see R. Rochette, Let-
Pont. iv. 16. 27), but without naming the author. tre à M. Schorn, pp. 420, 421, 2d ed. ) (P. S. )
(Wernsdorf, Poët. Lat. Min. vol. iv. pp. 584, 585. ) TY'CHIUS (Tuxios). 1. Of Hyle, a mythical
TU'TIA, mentioned in one of Cicero's letters artificer, mentioned by Homer (who calls him
(ad Att. xvi. 2), does not occur elsewhere, and is OKUTOT Ouwe Ox' &plotos), as the maker of Ajax's
perhaps a false reading for Julia, and the same as shield of seven ox-hides, covered with a plate of
the Julia spoken of ad Alt. xv. 29.
brass. (N. 219-223 ; Nonn. Dionys. xiii. 671. )
TUTI’LIUS, a rhetorician, whose daughter 2. A maker of fictile vases, whose name is in-
Quintilian married. (Plin. Ep. vi. 32 ; Quintil. iii. scribed on the margin of one of the large vases
1. $ 21, where Tutilius should be read instead of found at Cometo, in the following form : TV +IOS
Rutilius. ) (QUINTILIANUS, p. 635, a. )
ETOESEN. (Gerhard, Rapport Volcent. pp. 178,
L. TÚ'TIUS CEREA'LIS, consul under Tra | 701. ) His name is also found on some cases re-
jan A. D. 106 with L. Ceionius Commodus Verus cently discovered at Vulci, of which there is one
(Fasti). Pliny speaks of Tutius Cerea! is a con- in the Museum at Berlin. (Gerhard, Neuerworbene
sularis in one of his letters (Ep. ii. 11); but as antik. Denkmäler, No. 1664 ; R . Rochette, Lettre
the letter was written in A. D. 99, it must refer to à M. Schorn, p. 62, 2d ed. )
[P. S. ]
some other person of the same name, unless we TYCHON (Túxwv). 1. A god of chance or
suppose that the consul of the year 106 had held accident, was, according to Strabo (ix. p. 408),
the same dignity previously.
worshipped at Athens. (Comp. Anthol. Palat. ix.
TUTOR, JU’LIUS, a Treviran, who had been 334. )
placed by Vitellius in a command on the left bank 2. An obscene daemon, is mentioned as a com-
of the Rhine (A. D. 69), took part in the rebellion panion of Aphrodite and Priapus, and seems to sig-
of Classicus. After the murder of Vocula, he nify“ the producer," or " the fructifier. ” (Etym.
gained over the Roman soldiers at Colonia Agrip- Magn. and Hesych. s. v. ; comp. Jacobs, ad Anthol.
pinensis and on the banks of the Upper Rhine to tom. viii. p. 12 ; Lobeck, Aglaoph. p. 1235. ) (L. S. ]
the oath to the empire of Gaul. He neglected to TYCHO'NIUS, also written TICHONIUS, was
guard the Upper Rhine and the passes of the Alps an African, well versed in sacred and not ignorant
against Cerealis ; and, on the appearance of the of profane literature, who flourished under Theo-
Roman army he was deserted by a large body of dosius and his sons, being contemporary with
his troops. He retired to Bingium, and was there Rufinus and Augustine. Attached to the Donatists
defeated. After assisting Valentinus in his attempt he nevertheless assailed them in his writings, and
to renew the war (VALENTINUS], he joined Civilis although triumphant in confuting their doctrines,
and Classicus, with whom he fled across the Rhine. refused to quit their communion. This perversity
(Civilis. ] (Tac. Hist. iv, 55, 59, 70, v.
TURPI'LIUS LA'BEO, of Venice, a Roman
knight, contemporary with Pliny, who mentions him
as an exception to the low condition in life of the
generality of Roman painters since Pacuvius. An-
other peculiarity was that he painted with his
left hand.
He was recently dead when Pliny
wrote the passage in which he mentions him.
There were some beautiful pictures by him at Ve-
He may be placed about A. D. 60. (Plin.
H. N. xxxv. 4. s. 7. )
[P. S. )
TURPI'LIUS, SEXTUS, a Roman dramatist
whose productions belonged to the department of
Comoedia Palliata. The titles of thirteen or four-
teen (Acta, Boethuntes, Canephorus, Demetrius,
i Demiurgus, Epiclcrus, IIctaera, Lemnii, Leucalia,
WIIS
Tu
وه ده
rona.
07027
PETA
We
AS
CAESAR
## p. 1193 (#1209) ##########################################
TURRINUS.
1193
TUTICANUS.
Lindia, Paraterusa, Philopator, Thrasyleon, Veli- | LIUS Q. F. Q. N. TURRINUS, consul B. c. 259 with
terna (? ) have been preserved, together with a few Q. Valerius Falto. (Fasti Capit. ; Gell. xvii. 21,
fragments which will be found collected in the 43, where the reading is C. Manilius. )
Poetarum Latü Scenicorum Fragmenta of Bothe, 2. Q. MAMILIUS TURRINUS, plebeian aedile
vol. ii. p. 76. 8vo. Lips. 1834. Of the above, the B. c. 207 and praetor B. c. 206, obtained by lot the
Thrasyleon appears to have been taken from Me- jurisdictio peregrina, but was sent by the senate
nander, the Demetrius and the Leucauia from into Gaul. (Liv. xxviii. 10. )
Alexis. According to Hieronymus, in the Euse- TURRUS or THURRUS, one of the most
bian Chronicle, Turpilius died, when very old, at powerful of the Celtiberian chiefs conquered by
Sinuessa in B. c. 101. He stands seventh in the Gracchus in B. c. 179, became a faithful ally of the
scale of Volcatius Sedigitus. (SedigiTUS. ] [W. R. ) Romans. (Liv. xl. 49. )
TURPI'LIUS SILANUS. (SILANUS. ) L. TURSELIUS, made M. Antonius his heir,
TU'RPIO, L. AMBI'VIUS, a very celebrated disinheriting his own brother. (Cic. Phil. ii. 16. )
actor in the time of Terence, in most of whose P. TURU'LIUS or TURU'LLIUS, one of
plays he acted. (Didascaliae Terentinnae ; Cic. de Caesar's assassins, was quaestor of Cassius Longi-
Sen. 14 ; Tac. Dial. de Orat. 14 ; Symmach. Ep. i. nus in B. c. 43, and received the command of the
25, 1. 2. )
facet which had been raised by Tillius Cimber in
TU'RPIO, ANTI'STIUS, fought in single Bithynia. After the battle of Philippi, in B. c. 42,
combat Q. Pompeius Niger in the Spanish war in Turulius joined Cassius Parmensis, and subse-
B. C. 45. (Auctor, B. Hisp. 25. )
quently took refuge with Antony, with whom he
TU'RPIO, NAEVIUS. (Naevius, No. 7. ) lived on intimate terms. In order to plense Octa-
TURRA'NIUS or TURA'NIUS. 1. D. TUR- vian, Turulius was surrendered to him by Antony
RANIUS Niger, a friend of Varro, to whom the after the battle of Actium, and was put to death
latter dedicated the second book of his work Re by order of Octavian in the island of Cos that he
Rustica. He was also a friend of Q. Cicero, whom might appear to offer satisfaction to Aesculapius, the
he accompanied to Cilicia, when Quintus went trees of whose sacred grove he had previously cut
there as the legatus of his brother Marcus. (Varr. down for the use of Antony's navy. (Cic. ad Fam.
R. R. ii. Praef. ; Cic. ad Att. i. 6, vi. 9, vii. 1; in xii. 13; Appian, B. C. v. 2; Dion Cass. li. 8;
one of these passages the name is written Turan- Val. Max. i. 1. § 19. )
nius. ) He is perhaps the same as the writer Tur- TURU'LLIUS CERIA'LIS, a primipilaris in
ranius Gracilis, quoted by the elder Pliny. [GRA- A. D. 69. (Tac. Hist. ii. 22. )
CILIS. )
TUSCE'NIUS, an obscure person, whom Q.
2. M. TURRANIUA, praetor B. C. 44, refused a Cicero compelled in B. C. 60 to disgorge some dis-
province which was offered him by Antony, and honest gains. (Cic. ad Q. Fr. i. 1. $ 6, i. 2. § 2. )
is therefore called by Cicero “homo summa inte TUSCIA'NUS (Tovo klavos), of Lydia, a dis-
gritate atque innocentia. " (Cic. Phil. iii. 10. ) tinguished rhetorician in the fourth century of the
3. TURRANIUS, a gic poet mentioned by Christian aera. (Eunap. Jul. p. 95, Proacr. p. 111;
Ovid (ex Pont, iv. 16. 29).
Suidas, s. v. )
4. Č. TURRANIUS, praefectus annonae at the TUSCI'LIUS NOMINATUS, an orator and
death of Augustus, A. D. 14, was one of the first a contemporary of the younger Pliny, who men-
to swear allegiance to Tiberius upon his accession. tions him in his correspondence (Ep. v. 4, 14).
He continued to hold this office till the reign of TUSCUS, C. AQUI'LLIUS, consul B. C. 487
Claudius, for he is spoken of as praefectus rei fru- with T. Sicinius Sabinus, carried on war against
mentariae in A. D. 48. (Tac. Ann. i. 7, xi. 31. ) the Hernici, whom he defeated, and obtained in
5. TURRANIUS RUFINUS. [RUFINUS, No. 1.
] consequence an ovation or lesser triumph. (Fasti
TURRIA’NUS, a Volscian of Fregellae, was Capit. ; Liv. ii. 40; Dionys. viii. 64, 65, 67. )
an eminent statuary in clay, in the early Etruscan TUSCUS, CAECI'NA. (CAECINA, No. 8. ]
period, and the maker of a statue of Jupiter, which TUSCUS, CLO'DIUS, to whom Asinius Capito
was dedicated by Tarquinius Priscus, and which wrote a letter, which is quoted by Gellius (v.
was painted with vermilion on great festivals. 20).
This is according to the common text of Pliny TUSCUS, CORNELIUS, an historian, and
(H. N. xxxv. 12. s. 45); but the reading is so very described by Seneca as a man quam improbi
doubtful, and the critical discussion of it so com- animi, tam infelicis ingenii,” accused Mamercus
plicated, with so very little hope of a satisfactory Aemilius Scaurus of majestas in A. D. 34. (Senec.
result, that we must be content to refer the reader Suas. 2, sub fin. ; Tac. Ann. vi. 29. )
to the following works, in which the question is TUSCUS, FABRI'CIUS, a Roman writer, of
treated at length. (Sillig's Pliny, l. c. , and Jan's whom nothing is known except that he was used
Supplement; Sillig, Cutal. Artif
. Append. s. v. ; by Pliny in drawing up his Natural History (Index,
Jan, in the Jen. Litl. Zeitung, 1838, p. 258 ; | lib. iii. foll. ).
Kunstblatt, i832, No. 49, 1833, No. 51; Müller, TUTELI'NA, an agricultural divinity among
Etrusker, vol. ii. p. 246, and Archäol. d. Kunst, the Romans, or, perhaps, rather an attribute of
§ 171, ed. Welcker. )
[P. S. ] Ops, by which she is described as the goddess
TURRI'NUS, CLO'DIUS, the name of two protecting the fruits which have been brought in
rhetoricians, father and son, spoken of with praise at the harvest time from the fields. Tutelina, Secia
by the elder Seneca, who gives a short account of and Messia had three pillars with altars before
them. The elder by his eloquence obtained wealth them in the Circus. (August. De Civ. Dei, iv. 8 ;
and honour, and held an important public office in Macrob. Sat. i. 16; Plin. H. N. xviii. 2; Varro, De
Spain. The son was an intimate friend of Seneca. Ling. Lat. v. 74. )
[L. S. ]
(Senec. Controv. v. Praef. p. 333, ed. Bip. , Suas. 2, TUTICA'NUS, a friend of Ovid, who addressed
Contr. 30–35. )
to him one of his extant epistles from Pontus (iv.
TURRI'NUS, MAMI'LIUS. 1. C. Mani | 12). Tuticanus had made a free translation into
66
## p. 1194 (#1210) ##########################################
1194
TYCHE.
TYCHONIUS.
66
:
Latin verse of the Odyssey, or at least of a portion TY'CHICUS, Q. HATE’RIUS, an architect,
of it, to which Ovid refers in the lines: -
who is mentioned in two extant inscriptions, from
Digriam Maeoniis Phaeacida condere chartis
which it appears that he held the office of redemp-
Cum te Piörides perdocuere tuae. "
tor operum under the emperor Claudius, and that
he constructed and adorned with marbles, at his
Ovid likewise alludes to this poem in another pas- own expense, a small temple of Hercules. (For
Bilge' (" Et qui Maeoniam Phaeacida vertit," ex the inscriptions themselves, see R. Rochette, Let-
Pont. iv. 16. 27), but without naming the author. tre à M. Schorn, pp. 420, 421, 2d ed. ) (P. S. )
(Wernsdorf, Poët. Lat. Min. vol. iv. pp. 584, 585. ) TY'CHIUS (Tuxios). 1. Of Hyle, a mythical
TU'TIA, mentioned in one of Cicero's letters artificer, mentioned by Homer (who calls him
(ad Att. xvi. 2), does not occur elsewhere, and is OKUTOT Ouwe Ox' &plotos), as the maker of Ajax's
perhaps a false reading for Julia, and the same as shield of seven ox-hides, covered with a plate of
the Julia spoken of ad Alt. xv. 29.
brass. (N. 219-223 ; Nonn. Dionys. xiii. 671. )
TUTI’LIUS, a rhetorician, whose daughter 2. A maker of fictile vases, whose name is in-
Quintilian married. (Plin. Ep. vi. 32 ; Quintil. iii. scribed on the margin of one of the large vases
1. $ 21, where Tutilius should be read instead of found at Cometo, in the following form : TV +IOS
Rutilius. ) (QUINTILIANUS, p. 635, a. )
ETOESEN. (Gerhard, Rapport Volcent. pp. 178,
L. TÚ'TIUS CEREA'LIS, consul under Tra | 701. ) His name is also found on some cases re-
jan A. D. 106 with L. Ceionius Commodus Verus cently discovered at Vulci, of which there is one
(Fasti). Pliny speaks of Tutius Cerea! is a con- in the Museum at Berlin. (Gerhard, Neuerworbene
sularis in one of his letters (Ep. ii. 11); but as antik. Denkmäler, No. 1664 ; R . Rochette, Lettre
the letter was written in A. D. 99, it must refer to à M. Schorn, p. 62, 2d ed. )
[P. S. ]
some other person of the same name, unless we TYCHON (Túxwv). 1. A god of chance or
suppose that the consul of the year 106 had held accident, was, according to Strabo (ix. p. 408),
the same dignity previously.
worshipped at Athens. (Comp. Anthol. Palat. ix.
TUTOR, JU’LIUS, a Treviran, who had been 334. )
placed by Vitellius in a command on the left bank 2. An obscene daemon, is mentioned as a com-
of the Rhine (A. D. 69), took part in the rebellion panion of Aphrodite and Priapus, and seems to sig-
of Classicus. After the murder of Vocula, he nify“ the producer," or " the fructifier. ” (Etym.
gained over the Roman soldiers at Colonia Agrip- Magn. and Hesych. s. v. ; comp. Jacobs, ad Anthol.
pinensis and on the banks of the Upper Rhine to tom. viii. p. 12 ; Lobeck, Aglaoph. p. 1235. ) (L. S. ]
the oath to the empire of Gaul. He neglected to TYCHO'NIUS, also written TICHONIUS, was
guard the Upper Rhine and the passes of the Alps an African, well versed in sacred and not ignorant
against Cerealis ; and, on the appearance of the of profane literature, who flourished under Theo-
Roman army he was deserted by a large body of dosius and his sons, being contemporary with
his troops. He retired to Bingium, and was there Rufinus and Augustine. Attached to the Donatists
defeated. After assisting Valentinus in his attempt he nevertheless assailed them in his writings, and
to renew the war (VALENTINUS], he joined Civilis although triumphant in confuting their doctrines,
and Classicus, with whom he fled across the Rhine. refused to quit their communion. This perversity
(Civilis. ] (Tac. Hist. iv, 55, 59, 70, v.
