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a. Boundaries. The Christian frontier, Venice, Austria,
and Poland. (State of Russia. )
b. Danger of Christendom Siege of Vienna, 1683. Sobi-
eski and his Poles.
4. Decay of Turkish power.
a. Nature of Turkish rule: the Christian inhabitants-
economic, social, political condition; taxation; public
works; reforms; security, and administration of justice.
b. The Janissaries ; the Spahis.
c. Insurrections and foreign attacks.
(Lepanto, 1571; siege of Vienna, 1683. )
E. How THE SUBJECT RACES WON FREEDOM.
(Freeman; histories of the separate states ; general histories ;
Laveleye; Minchin. )
1. The Hungarians, 1699.
2. The Roumanians, 1774-1878.
3. The Greeks, 1821-29.
a. Causes of insurrection.
b. The war Navarino (1827). Freeman, 182-3.
c. Capodistrias.
d. Kingdom of Greece: boundaries, etc. Freeman, 184-5.
4. The Slavs.
a. Montenegro (Tzernagora), 1703. Gladstone, Glean-
ings, iv.
b. Servia, 1804-1878.
c. Bulgaria, 1876. (Gladstone, "Bulgarian Horrors. ")
d. Bosnians, Croats, etc.
F. THE RUSVSIAN ADVANCE (TO 1878).
(Histories of Russia).
1. Treaty of Carlowitz, 1699.
2. " " Kutschouc Kainardji, 1774.
3. " " Jassy, 1792.
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? 50
4. Treaty of Bucharest, 1812.
5. " " Adrianople, 1829. '
6. " " Paris, 1856.
7. The settlement of 1878.
a. The War of 1877-78.
b. Treaty of San Stefano, March, 1878.
c. " " Berlin, July, 1878.
Q. THE BALKAN STATES SINCE 1878.
(History and present political and economic conditions consti-
tutions).
I. In common:
1. Jewish question.
2. The Greek church and the other sects.
3. Economic progress.
II. The separate states.
1. Servia (the House Communites, or Zadrugas Laveleye's
"Primitive Property. "
2. Montenegro. Gladstone, "Gleanings. "
3. Bulgaria (Great Bulgaria and the Servian War). Russian
and anti-Russian policies.
4. Bosnia and Herzegovina.
5. Roumania (peasant emancipation).
6. Greece.
7. "Turkey. " (The Armenian atrocities and Crete. )
Distinctions between these Slav peoples and especially between
the different branches of the Serbs.
H. THE BALKAN QUESTION TODAY.
1. What the question is.
2. Aims of:
a. Russia.
b. Austria.
c. England (Greece, Servia, Bulgaria).
3. Possible solutions.
a. Russian dominance.
1) Conquest.
2) Suzerainty.
b. Austrian dominance.
c. A group of independent states [Constantinople a free
Conflicting claims.
d. A Balkan confederation.
1) With Austria.
2) Without Austria.
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? XVI. ENGLAND.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
See General Histories, etc.
*Burgess.
Wilson.
Hansard: Parliamentary History.
*May, Taswell-Langmead, Young: Constitutional Histories.
Fyffe: Annals of our Time.
*Bagehot: English Constitution.
Amos: English Constitution.
Dicey: The Law of the Constitution.
Anson: Law and Custom of the Constitution.
*Boutmy : English Constitution.
Dicey: The Privy Council.
Todd: Parliamentary Government.
Lecky: Eighteenth Century.
*McCarthy: Epoch of Reform.
*0ur Own Times.
*England Under Gladstone.
Molesworth: History of England, 3 vols.
Walpole: History of England, 3 vols.
* Bright: History of England, vol. IV.
Recollections of Lord John Russell.
*Imperial Parliament Series (valuable. )
*English Citizen Series (valuable. )
*Toynbee: Industrial Revolution.
Porritt: Englishman at Home.
Escott: England.
Morley: Life ot Cobden.
Woods: English Social Movements.
Webb: The Radical Program.
Webb: History of Trade Unionism.
Morris and Bax: Socialism, Growth and Outcome.
SchaffJe: Impossibility of Social Democracy.
Shaw: Fabian Essays. t
Booth: In Darkest England.
Smalley: London Letters.
Ward: Queen Victoria.
Lives of the Lord Chancellors, vol. X. (Brougham. }
Brougham's Acts and Bills, 1811-57.
Mill's Dissertations, vols. I. Ill and IV.
The Radical Program.
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? 52
Guizot: History of England.
Cox: Reform Bills of 1866-67.
On the Eve.
(Political Handbook for Campaign of 1892. )
Shaw: Municipal Government in Great Britain.
Liberal Federation Publications.
Numerous articles upon English Politics in the English Re-
views.
COLONIAL, EASTERN, AND IRISH POLICY.
Dilke: Problems of Greater Britain.
Dilke: Problems of Defense.
Seeley. Expansion of England. (Morley's Review in Miscel.
III. )
Lucas: Historical Geography of British Colonies.
Milner: England in Egypt.
Vambery: Coming Struggle for India.
Parkin: Problems of National Unity.
Payne: European Colonies.
Lecky: The Empire and Its Value.
Goldwin Smith: The Empire.
Bartlett: Union or Separation.
Rowe: Bonds of Disunion.
Ingram: History of the Irish Union (a defense. )
Teal: South Africa.
Scott Keltic: Race for Africa.
Knight: Rhodesia Today.
Latimer: Europe in Africa.
Goldwin-Smith: Canada.
McCoan: Egypt.
Wallace: Egypt.
Trail: The Burden of Egypt, in 19th Century, April, 1896.
Wylde: The Soudan.
Joyce: History of Ireland.
Lome: Imperial Federation.
Cotton and Payne: Colonies and Dependencies.
Elliot: Northeastern Fisheries.
Deane: Short History of Ireland.
See also McCarthy's works, above, for Ireland and the larger
histories named.
Froude: English in Ireland.
Lecky' s Eighteenth Century.
Numerous works on England and Russia in the East, and
periodical articles upon Federation.
Webb: London County Council, Contemp. , Jan. , 1895.
Hardig: Independent Labor Party, 19th Cent. , Jan. , 1895.
England in Egypt, Quarterly, Jan. , 1895.
General works as before.
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? 53
INTRODUCTORY
England Since the Glorious Revolution, 1688-9.
A. GAINS OF THAT REVOLUTION
Supremacy of Parliament over the King forever established.
1. By Bill of Rights.
2. By securing
a. Annual sessions (purse and sword).
b. Triennial parliaments (septennial).
c. "Responsible" ministries in modern sense representing
the majority of the House of Commons.
B. THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, 1689-1815.
1. The age of Philistinism (Walpole).
2. European warfare colonial expansion: "conquered and
colonized half the world in a fit of absent-mindedness. "
3. Barren of political reform except for strengthening par-
liamentary government, and for vain attempt of George
III to overthrow it. See Buckle, I, 348-356.
C. CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT SINCE.
1. To develop and complete ministerial government. (To
make the ministry more fully the servants of the "House. ")
2. To establish supremacy of the "House" over the "Lords"
1832.
3. To reform and extend the suffrage.
a. 1832 First Reform Bill to middle classes.
b. 1867 Second Reform Bill to town democracy.
c. 1884 Third Reform Bill to rural democracy.
4. To reform local government.
a. In boroughs.
b. In counties.
c. In parishes.
D. THE MINISTRY TODAY.
Composition; powers; relation to the written law; how a
change of government is brought about.
Result the union of the executive and legislative departments:
advantages ; the position of the monarch.
E. THE PRIVY COUNCIL (Todd and Dicey).
F. PARTIES.
1. Origin and History.
2. Present parties.
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? Q. ADMINISTRATIONS SINCE 1815.
Tories Conservatives.
1812-30 Liverpool: Wellington.
1830-34
1834-35-Peel.
1835-41
1841-46 Peel.
1846-52
1852 Derby.
1852-58
1858-59 Derby.
1859-66
1866-68 Derby : Disraeli.
1868-74
1874-80 Disraeli (Beaconsfield).
1880-85
1885-86 Salisbury.
1886
1886-92 Salisbury.
1892
1895 Salisbury.
Whigs Liberals.
Earl Grey.
Melbourne.
Lord Russell.
Aberdeen: Palmerston.
Palmerston: Russell.
Gladstone.
Gladstone.
Gladstone.
Gladstone: Roseberry.
A. PARLIAMENTARY REFORM.
I. Introductory.
1. Composition of the Commons before 1832.
a. Towns rotton and pocket boroughs (origin); varieties
of borough franchise; large towns unrepresented.
b. The narrow county franchise 40 shilling freeholders.
c. Voting time, place, manner (bribery and violence).
Result Corrupt rule of a small landed oligarchy.
Need of a sweeping.
1) Re-apportionment.
2) Extension of franchise.
3) Change in electoral machinery.
2. Preliminary efforts at reform.
a. 1766-1815.
b. 1815-1830 (including repeal of test and corporation
act, and Catholic emancipation).
II. The Reform Bill of 1832.
1. The ministry.
2. The struggle. (Theory of a conspiracy for revolution
The Eleven Days Fortnightly, Dec. , 1892). The lesson
for the Lords and the King.
3. Provisions.
a. Re-apportionment.
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? 1) Boroughs.
2) Counties.
b. Extension of franchise.
1) Boroughs.
2) Counties.
c. Voting.
Result Power transferred to the middle classes.
III. Second Reform Bill 1867. (Cox. )
1. Attempts of radicals and chartists between the two bills
2.