) with notes,
books ; an epitome of the history of Heracleides ; and a life of Heron, Augsburg, 1616, 4to.
books ; an epitome of the history of Heracleides ; and a life of Heron, Augsburg, 1616, 4to.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
i.
p.
200.
) It should be
häuser separately in 1824 and 1841, 8vo. ). The observed that in MSS. and early editions the name
editor had compared several new MSS. , and was of Herodotus is frequently confounded with Hero
thus enabled to give a text greatly superior to that dorus and Heliodorus. Whether the work Nepl
of his predecessors. The best edition after this is tñs 'Ouýpov Blotñs, is the production of a gramma-
that of Gaisford (Oxford, 1824, 4 vols. 8vo. ), who rian of the name of Herodotiis, or whether the
incorporated in it nearly all the notes Wesseling, author's name is a mere invention, it is impossible
Valckenaer and Schweighäuser, and also made a to say ; thus much only we know, that some of the
collation of some English MSS. A reprint of this ancients themselves attributed it to Herodotus the
edition appeared at Leipzig in 1824, vols. 8vo. historian. (Steph. Byz. s. v. New Teixos; Suid. s. v.
The last great edition, in which the subject matter "Oumpos ; Eustath. ad Ilom. Il. p. 876. ) (LS. )
also is considered with reference to modern dis. HERO'DOTUS, a statuary of Olynthus, con-
coveries, is that of Bähr, Leipzig, 1830, &c. 4 temporary with Praxiteles, made statues of Phryne
vols. 8vo. Among the school editions, we men- and other courtesans. (Tatian, Orat. Graec. 53,
tion those of A. Matthinc, Leipzig, 1825, 2 vols. 54. )
[P. S)
8vo. ; G. Long, London, 1830; and I. Bekker, HERO'DOTUS ('Hpódotos), the name of several
Berlin, 1833 and 1837, 8vo. Among all the physicians, of whom the most eminent was, 1. A
translations of Herodotus, there is none which sur pupil of Athenaeus, or perhaps rather of Agathinus
passes in excellence and fidelity the German of Fr. (Galen, De Differ. Puls. iv. 11, vol. viii. p 751),
Lange, Breslau, 1811, &c. , 2 vols. 8vo. The who belonged to the sect of the Pneumatici (1d.
works written on Herodotus, or particular points of | De Simplic. Medicam. Temper, ac Fucult. i. 29,
his work, are extremely numerous : a pretty com- vol. xi. p. 432). He lived probably towards the
plete account of the modern literature of Herodotus end of the first century after Christ, and resided
is given by Bähr in the Neue Jahrbücher für Phi- at Rome, where he practised with great reputation
lologie und Paedagogik, vol. xli. p. 371, &c. ; but we and success. (Galen, De Differ. Puls. lic. ) He
shall confine ourselves to mentioning the principal wrote some medical works, which are several times
ones among them, viz. , J. Rennell, The Geogra- quoted by Galen and Oribasius, but of which only
phical System of Herodotus, London, 1800, 4to, some fragments remain, most of which are to be
and 1832, 2 vols. 8vo. ; B. G. Niebuhr, in his found in Matthaei's Collection entitled XXI Ve
Kleine Philol. Schriften, vol. i. ; Dahlmann, Hero terum et Clarorum Medicorum Graecorum Varia
dot, aus seinem Buche sein Leben, Altona, 1823, Opuscula, Mosqu. 4to. 1808.
8vo. , one of the best works that was ever written; 2. The son of Arieus, a native either of Tarsus
C. G. L. Heyse, De Herodoti Vita et Itineribus, or Philadelphia, who probably belonged to the sect
Berlin, 1826, 8vo. ; H. F. Jäger, Disputationes of the Empirici. He was a pupil of Menodotus,
Herodotelle, Göttingen, 1828, 8vo. ; J. Kenrick, and tutor to Sextus Empiricus, and lived therefore
The Egypt of Herodotus, with notes and preliminary in the former half of the second century after
dissertations, London, 1841, 8vo. ; Bähr, Com- Christ. (Suidas, s. v. Eéfotos ; Diog. Laërt. ix.
mentatio de Vita et Scriptis Herodoti, in the fourth $ 116. )
volume of his edition, p. 374, &c. )
p
3. The physician mentioned by Galen (De
2. Of Chios, the son of Basilides, is mentioned Bon. et Prav. Aliment. Succ. c. 4. vol. vi. p. 775 ;
by Herodotus the historian (viii. 132) as one of the De Meth. Med. vii. 6. vol. x. p. 474), together
ambassadors who, after the battle of Salamis, ar- with Euryphon, as having recommended human
rived in Aegina to call upon the Greeks to deliver milk in cases of consumption, was probably a dif-
Ionia What may have induced the historian to ferent person from either of the preceding, and
mention him alone among the ambassadors is un- may have been a contemporary of Euryphon in the
certain. (See above, No. 1. )
fifth century B. C.
3. A son of Apsodorus of Thebes, a victor in There is extant, under the name of Herodotus, a
the Heraclean, Isthmian, and other games, whose short Glossary of lonic words, commonly printed
name is celebrated in Pindar's first Isthmian ode. He together with the Glossary of Erotianus, and sup-
lived about Ol. 80-83 ; his father, being expelled posed to relate to the Hippocratic Collection.
from Thebes, bad gone to Orchomenos, but after- Franzius, however, is inclined to the opinion that
wards returned to Thebes. (See Dissen, ad Pind. the little work is intended to explain, not the
l. c. )
words used by Hippocrates, but those used by
4. A brother of the philosopher Democritus Herodotus the historian, and that hence it has been
(Suid. 8. v. Anuárpitos), and perhaps the same as attributed by mistake to a physician or gramma-
the one to whom Diogenes Laërtius (ix. 34) refers rian of the name of Herodotus.
in his account of Democritus. Whether he is iden- Some persons hare attributed to a physician
tical with Herodotus, the author of a work Tepi I named Herodotus two of the treatises included in
'En KvÚpou é onbelas (Diog. Laërt. x. 4), cannot be the collection of Galen's works, viz. the Introductio
decided.
or Medicus, and the Drfinitiones Medicae. But
5. Of Olophyxus in Thrace, is mentioned as the though may be doubted whether these works
author of a work Nepi Nuupwv Kal iepw. (Steph. belong to Galen, it is equally doubtful whether
Byz. s. v. 'Oxodutos ; Suid. s. v. ’Oró qutis; Eus- they were written by Herodotus. (See Fabric.
tath. ad llom. I. v. 683. )
Bibl. Graec. vol. xiii. p. 184, ed. vet. ; J. G. F.
6. A logomimus, who lived at the court of An- Franz, Preface to his edition of the Glossaries of
tiochus 11. , and was highly esteemed by that king. Erotianus, Galen, and Herodotus, Lips. 1780,
(Athen. i. p. 19. )
(W. A. G. )
7. A brother of Menander Protector, lived in HERON ("Hpwr), a rhetorician, a native of
the time of the emperor Mauritius, and wrote a | Athens, and son of Cotys. According to Suidas,
8vo. )
## p. 437 (#453) ############################################
HERON.
437
HERON.
ܪ
he wrote commentaries on Deinarchus, IIerodotus. Folirá, Belotoinud, or (Eutoc, in Arch. de Sph. et
Thucydides, and Xenophon ; a work entitled Ai Cy. . nd. ) BenutUintiká, on the manufacture of darts.
ev'Adrivais dikau kekpiuévwv 'Ovouátwv, in three Edited by Bernardino Baldi (Gr. Lat.
) with notes,
books ; an epitome of the history of Heracleides ; and a life of Heron, Augsburg, 1616, 4to. ; also
and a work on the ancient orators, entitled Slepi in the l'eler. Mathemat. &c. above mentioned. 4.
των Αρχαίων Ρητόρων και των Λόγων οίς ενίκη- | Πνευματικά, or Spiritalia, the most celebrated of his
σαν προς αλλήλους αγωνιζόμενοι. There are no works. Edited by Conimandine (Lat. ) with notes,
data for determining when he lived. (Fabric. Urbino, 1575, 4to. , Amsterdam, 1680, 4to. , and
Bibl. Grarc. vol. iv. p. 239 ; Vossius, De Hist. Paris, 1683, 4to. It is also (Gr. Lat. ) in the
Gruec. p. 452, ed. Westermann. )
Veter. Mathemat. &c. above mentioned. It first
2. A granımarian, a native of Ephesus, quoted appeared, however, in an Italian translation by
frequently by Athenaeus (ii. p. 52 b, iii. p. 76 a, p. Bernardo Aleotti, Bologna, 1547, 4to. , Ferrara,
111c, &c. ), and in the scholia on Apollonius Rho- 1589, 4to. ; and there is also (Murhard) an lta-
dius (i. 769, iji. 2).
lian translation, by Alessandro Giorgi, of Urbino,
Others of this name, not worth inserting, will be 1592, 4to. , and by J. B. Porta, Naples, 1605, 4to.
found mentioned in Fabricius (l. c. ). [C. P. M. ] There is a German translation by Agathus Cario,
HERON ("Hpwr). ! . Of Alexandria, is called with an appendix by Solo. non de Caus, Bamberg,
by Heron the younger (de Much. Bell. c. 23, Fabr. ) 1687, 4to. , Frankfort, 1688, 4to. 5. Περί αυτο-
a pupil of Ctesibius, and he lived in the reigns of MATOTOINTIKūv, de Automatorum Fabrica Libri duo.
the Prolemies Philadelphus and Euergetes (B. C. Translated into Italian by B. Baldi. Venice, 1589,
201–221. ) Of his life nothing is known; on his 1601, 1661, 4to. : also (Gr. Lat. ) in the Veter.
mechanical inventions we have but some scanty Mathemat. , &c. above mentione A fragment on
parts of his own writings, and some scattered no- dioptrics (Gr. ) exists in manuscript, and two Latin
tices. The common pneumatic experiment, called fragments on military machines are given by Buldi
Hero's fuuntuin, in which a jet of water is main- at the end of the work on darts. The following
tained by condensed air, has given a certain popular lost works are mentioned :— Td tepl USpoo KoneWV,
celebrity to his name. This has been increased by by Proclus, Pappus, and Heron himself ; Mnxavirai
the discovery in his writings of a steam engine, that looywyal, by Eutocius, Pappus, and Heron him-
is, of an engine in which motion is produced by self ; Tepi Metpuwv, by Eutocius ; Tepl tpoxiwowv,
stearn, and which must always be a part of the by Pappus ; and a work Nepi Suyiwr, is mentioned
history of that agent. This engine acts precisely by Pappus, and has been supposed to be by Heron.
on the principle of what is called Burker's Mil: (Fabric
. Bill. Graec. vol. iv. p. 234 ; Murhard's
a boiler with arms having lateral orifices is capable Catalogue; Heilbronner, Hist. Mathes. Univ. ;
of revolving round a vertical axis ; the steam issues Montucla, Hist. des Mathém. vol. i. )
from the lateral orifices, and the uncompensated 2. The teacher of Proclus, of whom nothing
pressure upon the parts opposite to the orifices more is known. Fabricius (Bill. Graec. vol iv.
turns the boiler in the direction opposite to that of p. 239) takes this to be the Heron who is men-
the issue of the steam. It is nearly the machine tioned by Eutocius as the commentator on the arith-
afterwards introduced by Avery, one of which, of metic of Nicomachus.
six horse power, is, or lately was, at work near 3. The younger, so called because we have not
Edinburgh. * Heron's engine is described in his even an adjective of place to distinguish him from
pneumatics presently mentioned ; as also a double Heron of Alexandria, is supposed to have lived
forcing pump used for a fire engine, and various under Heraclius (A. D. 610—641). In his own
other applications of the elasticity of air and steam. work on Geodesy (a term used in the sense of
It is, however, but recently, that the remarkable practical geometry), he says that in his own time
claims of Heron to success in such investigations the stars had altered their longitudes by seven de-
have received any marked notice. In the “ Origine grees since the time of Ptolemy : from which the
des Découvertes attribuées aux modernes," (3rd above date must have been framed. But if he
edition, 1796), by M. Dutenst, who tries, with spoke, as is likely enough, from Ptolemy's value of
great learning, to make the best possible case for the precession of the equinoxes, without observing
the ancients, the name of Heron is not even men- the stars himself, he must have been about two
tioned.
hundred years later. He was a Christian.
The remaining works, or rather fragments, of The writings attributed to Heron the younger
Heron of Alexandria, are as follows :-
are, 1. De Machinis bellicis, published (Lat. ) by
1. Χειροβαλλίστρας κατασκευή και συμμετρία, | Barocius, Venice, 1572, 4to. There is one Greek
de Constructione et Mensura Janubalistue. First pub manuscript at Bologna. 2. Geodaesia, published
lished (Gr. ) by Baldi at the end of the third work (Lat. ) with the above by Barocius. Montucla
presently noted. Also (Gr. Lat. ) by Thevenot, notices this as the first treatise in which the mode
Boivin, and Lahire, in the “ Veterum mathemati- of finding the area of a triangle by means of its
corum Athenaei, Apollodori, Philonis, Heronis et sides occurs. Savile, who had a manuscript of
aliorum Opera," Paris, 1693, fol. 2. Burulcus sive this treatise, rejects with scorn the idea of its have
de Oneribus tralendis Libri tres, a treatise brought by ing been written by Heron ; but we suspect that
J. Golius from the East in Arabic, not yet trans- he supposed it to be attributed to Heron of Alex-
lated or published (Ephemerid. Litter. Gotting. ann. andria. 3. De Obsidione repellenda, iaws Xuat Tiv
1785, p. 625, &c. cited by Fabricius). 3. Βελο- της πολιορκουμένης πόλεως στρατηγόν προς την
Trollopklav dutitooeddui, published (Gr. ) in the
So says the translator of Arago's Eloye of Veter. Mathemat, Opera, &c. mentioned in the life
Watt, and he adds that it is in pretty general use of Heron of Alexandria. 4. Παρεκβολαι εκ των
in Scotland.
στρατηγικών παρατάξεων, &c. This exists only
+ This work is very valuable, from its giving at in manuscript. 5. 'Ex TWY TOÛ "Hpwvos nepl Tv
length every passage to which reference is made.
της Γεωμετρίας και Στερεωμετρίας ονομάτων, pub-
:
FF 3
## p. 438 (#454) ############################################
438
HEROPHILUS.
HEROPHILUS.
lished (Gr. Lat. ) with the first book of Euclid, by, vol. ij. p. 895). He is even said to have carried
Dasypodius, Strasburg, 1571, 8vo. 6. Excerpta his ardour in his anatomical pursuits so far as to
de Mensuris (Gr. Lat. ), in the Analecta Gracca of have dissected criminals alive, a well-known accu-
the Benedictines, vol. i. Paris, 1688, 4to. 7. Elo- sation, which it seems difficult entirely to disbe-
aywy twv Yewuet pouuévwv, exists only in ma- lieve, though most of his biographers have tried to
nascript. (Fabric. Bibl. Gracc. vol. iv. p. 237 ; explain it away, or to throw discredit on it ; for
Heilbronner, Hist. Mathes. Univ. ; Montucla, Hist. (not to lay much stress on the evident exaggeration
des Mathém. vol. i. )
(A. D. M. ) of Tertullian, who says (De Anima, c. 10. p. 757)
HEYRON ("Hpwv), a Byzantine writer of un- that he dissected as many as six hundred), it is
certain age, but who lived previous to the emperor mentioned by Celsus (De Medic. i. praef. p. 6),
Constantine Porphyrogenitus, composed a work on quite as a well-known fach, and without the least
agriculture, divided into twenty books, which was suspicion as to its truth ; added to which, it should
a compilation from most of those works which were be remembered, that such a proceeding would not
extracted by the writers of the “Geoponica," who be nearly so shocking to men's feelings two thou-
Jikewise perused the work of Heron, which is lost. sand years ago as it would be at present. He was
lleron was perhaps the author of a work on Mea- the author of several medical and anatomical
sures, extant in the Imperial Library at Vienna works, of which nothing but the titles and a few
(Fabric. Bill. Gracc. vol. iv. p. 239, vol.
häuser separately in 1824 and 1841, 8vo. ). The observed that in MSS. and early editions the name
editor had compared several new MSS. , and was of Herodotus is frequently confounded with Hero
thus enabled to give a text greatly superior to that dorus and Heliodorus. Whether the work Nepl
of his predecessors. The best edition after this is tñs 'Ouýpov Blotñs, is the production of a gramma-
that of Gaisford (Oxford, 1824, 4 vols. 8vo. ), who rian of the name of Herodotiis, or whether the
incorporated in it nearly all the notes Wesseling, author's name is a mere invention, it is impossible
Valckenaer and Schweighäuser, and also made a to say ; thus much only we know, that some of the
collation of some English MSS. A reprint of this ancients themselves attributed it to Herodotus the
edition appeared at Leipzig in 1824, vols. 8vo. historian. (Steph. Byz. s. v. New Teixos; Suid. s. v.
The last great edition, in which the subject matter "Oumpos ; Eustath. ad Ilom. Il. p. 876. ) (LS. )
also is considered with reference to modern dis. HERO'DOTUS, a statuary of Olynthus, con-
coveries, is that of Bähr, Leipzig, 1830, &c. 4 temporary with Praxiteles, made statues of Phryne
vols. 8vo. Among the school editions, we men- and other courtesans. (Tatian, Orat. Graec. 53,
tion those of A. Matthinc, Leipzig, 1825, 2 vols. 54. )
[P. S)
8vo. ; G. Long, London, 1830; and I. Bekker, HERO'DOTUS ('Hpódotos), the name of several
Berlin, 1833 and 1837, 8vo. Among all the physicians, of whom the most eminent was, 1. A
translations of Herodotus, there is none which sur pupil of Athenaeus, or perhaps rather of Agathinus
passes in excellence and fidelity the German of Fr. (Galen, De Differ. Puls. iv. 11, vol. viii. p 751),
Lange, Breslau, 1811, &c. , 2 vols. 8vo. The who belonged to the sect of the Pneumatici (1d.
works written on Herodotus, or particular points of | De Simplic. Medicam. Temper, ac Fucult. i. 29,
his work, are extremely numerous : a pretty com- vol. xi. p. 432). He lived probably towards the
plete account of the modern literature of Herodotus end of the first century after Christ, and resided
is given by Bähr in the Neue Jahrbücher für Phi- at Rome, where he practised with great reputation
lologie und Paedagogik, vol. xli. p. 371, &c. ; but we and success. (Galen, De Differ. Puls. lic. ) He
shall confine ourselves to mentioning the principal wrote some medical works, which are several times
ones among them, viz. , J. Rennell, The Geogra- quoted by Galen and Oribasius, but of which only
phical System of Herodotus, London, 1800, 4to, some fragments remain, most of which are to be
and 1832, 2 vols. 8vo. ; B. G. Niebuhr, in his found in Matthaei's Collection entitled XXI Ve
Kleine Philol. Schriften, vol. i. ; Dahlmann, Hero terum et Clarorum Medicorum Graecorum Varia
dot, aus seinem Buche sein Leben, Altona, 1823, Opuscula, Mosqu. 4to. 1808.
8vo. , one of the best works that was ever written; 2. The son of Arieus, a native either of Tarsus
C. G. L. Heyse, De Herodoti Vita et Itineribus, or Philadelphia, who probably belonged to the sect
Berlin, 1826, 8vo. ; H. F. Jäger, Disputationes of the Empirici. He was a pupil of Menodotus,
Herodotelle, Göttingen, 1828, 8vo. ; J. Kenrick, and tutor to Sextus Empiricus, and lived therefore
The Egypt of Herodotus, with notes and preliminary in the former half of the second century after
dissertations, London, 1841, 8vo. ; Bähr, Com- Christ. (Suidas, s. v. Eéfotos ; Diog. Laërt. ix.
mentatio de Vita et Scriptis Herodoti, in the fourth $ 116. )
volume of his edition, p. 374, &c. )
p
3. The physician mentioned by Galen (De
2. Of Chios, the son of Basilides, is mentioned Bon. et Prav. Aliment. Succ. c. 4. vol. vi. p. 775 ;
by Herodotus the historian (viii. 132) as one of the De Meth. Med. vii. 6. vol. x. p. 474), together
ambassadors who, after the battle of Salamis, ar- with Euryphon, as having recommended human
rived in Aegina to call upon the Greeks to deliver milk in cases of consumption, was probably a dif-
Ionia What may have induced the historian to ferent person from either of the preceding, and
mention him alone among the ambassadors is un- may have been a contemporary of Euryphon in the
certain. (See above, No. 1. )
fifth century B. C.
3. A son of Apsodorus of Thebes, a victor in There is extant, under the name of Herodotus, a
the Heraclean, Isthmian, and other games, whose short Glossary of lonic words, commonly printed
name is celebrated in Pindar's first Isthmian ode. He together with the Glossary of Erotianus, and sup-
lived about Ol. 80-83 ; his father, being expelled posed to relate to the Hippocratic Collection.
from Thebes, bad gone to Orchomenos, but after- Franzius, however, is inclined to the opinion that
wards returned to Thebes. (See Dissen, ad Pind. the little work is intended to explain, not the
l. c. )
words used by Hippocrates, but those used by
4. A brother of the philosopher Democritus Herodotus the historian, and that hence it has been
(Suid. 8. v. Anuárpitos), and perhaps the same as attributed by mistake to a physician or gramma-
the one to whom Diogenes Laërtius (ix. 34) refers rian of the name of Herodotus.
in his account of Democritus. Whether he is iden- Some persons hare attributed to a physician
tical with Herodotus, the author of a work Tepi I named Herodotus two of the treatises included in
'En KvÚpou é onbelas (Diog. Laërt. x. 4), cannot be the collection of Galen's works, viz. the Introductio
decided.
or Medicus, and the Drfinitiones Medicae. But
5. Of Olophyxus in Thrace, is mentioned as the though may be doubted whether these works
author of a work Nepi Nuupwv Kal iepw. (Steph. belong to Galen, it is equally doubtful whether
Byz. s. v. 'Oxodutos ; Suid. s. v. ’Oró qutis; Eus- they were written by Herodotus. (See Fabric.
tath. ad llom. I. v. 683. )
Bibl. Graec. vol. xiii. p. 184, ed. vet. ; J. G. F.
6. A logomimus, who lived at the court of An- Franz, Preface to his edition of the Glossaries of
tiochus 11. , and was highly esteemed by that king. Erotianus, Galen, and Herodotus, Lips. 1780,
(Athen. i. p. 19. )
(W. A. G. )
7. A brother of Menander Protector, lived in HERON ("Hpwr), a rhetorician, a native of
the time of the emperor Mauritius, and wrote a | Athens, and son of Cotys. According to Suidas,
8vo. )
## p. 437 (#453) ############################################
HERON.
437
HERON.
ܪ
he wrote commentaries on Deinarchus, IIerodotus. Folirá, Belotoinud, or (Eutoc, in Arch. de Sph. et
Thucydides, and Xenophon ; a work entitled Ai Cy. . nd. ) BenutUintiká, on the manufacture of darts.
ev'Adrivais dikau kekpiuévwv 'Ovouátwv, in three Edited by Bernardino Baldi (Gr. Lat.
) with notes,
books ; an epitome of the history of Heracleides ; and a life of Heron, Augsburg, 1616, 4to. ; also
and a work on the ancient orators, entitled Slepi in the l'eler. Mathemat. &c. above mentioned. 4.
των Αρχαίων Ρητόρων και των Λόγων οίς ενίκη- | Πνευματικά, or Spiritalia, the most celebrated of his
σαν προς αλλήλους αγωνιζόμενοι. There are no works. Edited by Conimandine (Lat. ) with notes,
data for determining when he lived. (Fabric. Urbino, 1575, 4to. , Amsterdam, 1680, 4to. , and
Bibl. Grarc. vol. iv. p. 239 ; Vossius, De Hist. Paris, 1683, 4to. It is also (Gr. Lat. ) in the
Gruec. p. 452, ed. Westermann. )
Veter. Mathemat. &c. above mentioned. It first
2. A granımarian, a native of Ephesus, quoted appeared, however, in an Italian translation by
frequently by Athenaeus (ii. p. 52 b, iii. p. 76 a, p. Bernardo Aleotti, Bologna, 1547, 4to. , Ferrara,
111c, &c. ), and in the scholia on Apollonius Rho- 1589, 4to. ; and there is also (Murhard) an lta-
dius (i. 769, iji. 2).
lian translation, by Alessandro Giorgi, of Urbino,
Others of this name, not worth inserting, will be 1592, 4to. , and by J. B. Porta, Naples, 1605, 4to.
found mentioned in Fabricius (l. c. ). [C. P. M. ] There is a German translation by Agathus Cario,
HERON ("Hpwr). ! . Of Alexandria, is called with an appendix by Solo. non de Caus, Bamberg,
by Heron the younger (de Much. Bell. c. 23, Fabr. ) 1687, 4to. , Frankfort, 1688, 4to. 5. Περί αυτο-
a pupil of Ctesibius, and he lived in the reigns of MATOTOINTIKūv, de Automatorum Fabrica Libri duo.
the Prolemies Philadelphus and Euergetes (B. C. Translated into Italian by B. Baldi. Venice, 1589,
201–221. ) Of his life nothing is known; on his 1601, 1661, 4to. : also (Gr. Lat. ) in the Veter.
mechanical inventions we have but some scanty Mathemat. , &c. above mentione A fragment on
parts of his own writings, and some scattered no- dioptrics (Gr. ) exists in manuscript, and two Latin
tices. The common pneumatic experiment, called fragments on military machines are given by Buldi
Hero's fuuntuin, in which a jet of water is main- at the end of the work on darts. The following
tained by condensed air, has given a certain popular lost works are mentioned :— Td tepl USpoo KoneWV,
celebrity to his name. This has been increased by by Proclus, Pappus, and Heron himself ; Mnxavirai
the discovery in his writings of a steam engine, that looywyal, by Eutocius, Pappus, and Heron him-
is, of an engine in which motion is produced by self ; Tepi Metpuwv, by Eutocius ; Tepl tpoxiwowv,
stearn, and which must always be a part of the by Pappus ; and a work Nepi Suyiwr, is mentioned
history of that agent. This engine acts precisely by Pappus, and has been supposed to be by Heron.
on the principle of what is called Burker's Mil: (Fabric
. Bill. Graec. vol. iv. p. 234 ; Murhard's
a boiler with arms having lateral orifices is capable Catalogue; Heilbronner, Hist. Mathes. Univ. ;
of revolving round a vertical axis ; the steam issues Montucla, Hist. des Mathém. vol. i. )
from the lateral orifices, and the uncompensated 2. The teacher of Proclus, of whom nothing
pressure upon the parts opposite to the orifices more is known. Fabricius (Bill. Graec. vol iv.
turns the boiler in the direction opposite to that of p. 239) takes this to be the Heron who is men-
the issue of the steam. It is nearly the machine tioned by Eutocius as the commentator on the arith-
afterwards introduced by Avery, one of which, of metic of Nicomachus.
six horse power, is, or lately was, at work near 3. The younger, so called because we have not
Edinburgh. * Heron's engine is described in his even an adjective of place to distinguish him from
pneumatics presently mentioned ; as also a double Heron of Alexandria, is supposed to have lived
forcing pump used for a fire engine, and various under Heraclius (A. D. 610—641). In his own
other applications of the elasticity of air and steam. work on Geodesy (a term used in the sense of
It is, however, but recently, that the remarkable practical geometry), he says that in his own time
claims of Heron to success in such investigations the stars had altered their longitudes by seven de-
have received any marked notice. In the “ Origine grees since the time of Ptolemy : from which the
des Découvertes attribuées aux modernes," (3rd above date must have been framed. But if he
edition, 1796), by M. Dutenst, who tries, with spoke, as is likely enough, from Ptolemy's value of
great learning, to make the best possible case for the precession of the equinoxes, without observing
the ancients, the name of Heron is not even men- the stars himself, he must have been about two
tioned.
hundred years later. He was a Christian.
The remaining works, or rather fragments, of The writings attributed to Heron the younger
Heron of Alexandria, are as follows :-
are, 1. De Machinis bellicis, published (Lat. ) by
1. Χειροβαλλίστρας κατασκευή και συμμετρία, | Barocius, Venice, 1572, 4to. There is one Greek
de Constructione et Mensura Janubalistue. First pub manuscript at Bologna. 2. Geodaesia, published
lished (Gr. ) by Baldi at the end of the third work (Lat. ) with the above by Barocius. Montucla
presently noted. Also (Gr. Lat. ) by Thevenot, notices this as the first treatise in which the mode
Boivin, and Lahire, in the “ Veterum mathemati- of finding the area of a triangle by means of its
corum Athenaei, Apollodori, Philonis, Heronis et sides occurs. Savile, who had a manuscript of
aliorum Opera," Paris, 1693, fol. 2. Burulcus sive this treatise, rejects with scorn the idea of its have
de Oneribus tralendis Libri tres, a treatise brought by ing been written by Heron ; but we suspect that
J. Golius from the East in Arabic, not yet trans- he supposed it to be attributed to Heron of Alex-
lated or published (Ephemerid. Litter. Gotting. ann. andria. 3. De Obsidione repellenda, iaws Xuat Tiv
1785, p. 625, &c. cited by Fabricius). 3. Βελο- της πολιορκουμένης πόλεως στρατηγόν προς την
Trollopklav dutitooeddui, published (Gr. ) in the
So says the translator of Arago's Eloye of Veter. Mathemat, Opera, &c. mentioned in the life
Watt, and he adds that it is in pretty general use of Heron of Alexandria. 4. Παρεκβολαι εκ των
in Scotland.
στρατηγικών παρατάξεων, &c. This exists only
+ This work is very valuable, from its giving at in manuscript. 5. 'Ex TWY TOÛ "Hpwvos nepl Tv
length every passage to which reference is made.
της Γεωμετρίας και Στερεωμετρίας ονομάτων, pub-
:
FF 3
## p. 438 (#454) ############################################
438
HEROPHILUS.
HEROPHILUS.
lished (Gr. Lat. ) with the first book of Euclid, by, vol. ij. p. 895). He is even said to have carried
Dasypodius, Strasburg, 1571, 8vo. 6. Excerpta his ardour in his anatomical pursuits so far as to
de Mensuris (Gr. Lat. ), in the Analecta Gracca of have dissected criminals alive, a well-known accu-
the Benedictines, vol. i. Paris, 1688, 4to. 7. Elo- sation, which it seems difficult entirely to disbe-
aywy twv Yewuet pouuévwv, exists only in ma- lieve, though most of his biographers have tried to
nascript. (Fabric. Bibl. Gracc. vol. iv. p. 237 ; explain it away, or to throw discredit on it ; for
Heilbronner, Hist. Mathes. Univ. ; Montucla, Hist. (not to lay much stress on the evident exaggeration
des Mathém. vol. i. )
(A. D. M. ) of Tertullian, who says (De Anima, c. 10. p. 757)
HEYRON ("Hpwv), a Byzantine writer of un- that he dissected as many as six hundred), it is
certain age, but who lived previous to the emperor mentioned by Celsus (De Medic. i. praef. p. 6),
Constantine Porphyrogenitus, composed a work on quite as a well-known fach, and without the least
agriculture, divided into twenty books, which was suspicion as to its truth ; added to which, it should
a compilation from most of those works which were be remembered, that such a proceeding would not
extracted by the writers of the “Geoponica," who be nearly so shocking to men's feelings two thou-
Jikewise perused the work of Heron, which is lost. sand years ago as it would be at present. He was
lleron was perhaps the author of a work on Mea- the author of several medical and anatomical
sures, extant in the Imperial Library at Vienna works, of which nothing but the titles and a few
(Fabric. Bill. Gracc. vol. iv. p. 239, vol.
