No More Learning

- not even to Lin-
dores: to one of the old, poor places where we were so happy —”
"When we had no home," the mother said, shaking her head.
But she too got a wistful look in her eyes at the recollection.
1
I


## p. 10841 (#49) ###########################################

MARGARET OLIPHANT WILSON OLIPHANT
10841
-
Those days when they were poor, wandering, of no account;
when it mattered little to any one but themselves where they
went, what the children might do, what alliances they made,—
what halcyon days those were to look back on! In those days
this miserable union, which had ended so miserably, could never
have been made. Was it worth while to have had so many
additional possessions added to them-rank and apparent ele-
vation - for such a result? But she could not permit herself
to think, with Carry sitting by, too ready to relapse into those
feverish musings which were so terrible. She put her arm round
her child and drew her tenderly away. They left the room with
the lights against the wall, and the firelight giving it a faux
air of warmth and inhabitation. Its emptiness was scarcely
less tragic, scarcely less significant, than the chill of the other
great room the state chamber-in the other wing; where, with
lights burning solemnly about him all night, the master of the
house lay dead, unwatched by either love or sorrow. There were
gloom and panic, and the shock of a great catastrophe, in the
house. There were even honest regrets; for he had not been
a bad master, though often a rough one: but nothing more ten-
der. And Carry lay down with her mother's arms round her
and slept, and woke in the night and asked herself what it was;
then lay still in a solemn happiness,—exhausted, peaceful,— feel-
ing as if she desired nothing more. She was delivered: as she
lay silent, hidden in the darkness and peace of the night, she
went over and over this one certainty, so terrible yet so sweet.
"God forgive me! God forgive me! " she said softly to herself,
her very breathing hushed with the sense of relief. She had
come out of death into life. Was it wrong to be glad? That
it was a shame and outrage upon nature was no fault of poor
Carry. Sweet tears rolled into her eyes; her jarred and thwarted
being came back into harmony. She lay and counted the dark
silent hours striking one by one, feeling herself all wrapped in
peace and ease, as if she lay in some sacred shrine. To-morrow
would bring back the veils and shrouds of outside life; the need
of concealment, of self-restraint, almost of hypocrisy; the strain
and pain of a new existence to be begun: but to-night-this one
blessed night of deliverance - was her own.
―――
―――


## p. 10842 (#50) ###########################################

10842
MARGARET OLIPHANT WILSON OLIPHANT
TEACHER AND PUPIL
From the Life of Edward Irving'
HEN Irving first came to Haddington," writes one of his
pupils, he was a tall, ruddy, robust, handsome youth,
cheerful and kindly disposed; he soon won the confi-
dence of his advanced pupils, and was admitted into the best
society in the town and neighborhood. " Into one house at least
he went with a more genial introduction, and under circumstances
equally interesting and amusing. This was the house of Dr.
Welsh, the principal medical man of the district; whose family
consisted of one little daughter, for whose training he enter-
tained more ambitious views than little girls are generally the
subjects of. This little girl, however, was as unique in mind
as in circumstances. She heard, with eager childish wonder, a
perennial discussion carried on between her father and mother
about her education: both were naturally anxious to secure the
special sympathy and companionship of their only child. The
doctor, recovering from his disappointment that she was a girl,
was bent upon educating her like a boy, to make up as far as
possible for the unfortunate drawback of sex; while her mother,
on the contrary, hoped for nothing higher in her daughter than
the sweet domestic companion most congenial to herself.
The child, who was not supposed to understand, listened
eagerly, as children invariably do listen to all that is intended to
be spoken over their heads. Her ambition was roused; to be
educated like a boy became the object of her entire thoughts,
and set her little mind working with independent projects of its
own. She resolved to take the first step in this awful but fasci-
nating course on her own responsibility. Having already divined
that Latin was the first grand point of distinction, she made up
her mind to settle the matter by learning Latin. A copy of the
'Rudiments' was quickly found in the lumber-room of the house,
and a tutor not much farther off in a humble student of the
neighborhood. The little scholar had a dramatic instinct: she
did not pour forth her first lesson as soon as it was acquired,
or rashly betray her secret. She waited the fitting place and
moment. It was evening, when dinner had softened out the
asperities of the day; the doctor sat in luxurious leisure in his
dressing-gown and slippers, sipping his coffee, and all the cheer-
ful accessories of the fireside picture were complete. The little


## p. 10843 (#51) ###########################################

MARGARET OLIPHANT WILSON OLIPHANT
10843
heroine had arranged herself under the table, under the crim-
son folds of the cover, which concealed her small person. All
was still; the moment had arrived;-"Penna, pennæ, pennam! "
burst forth the little voice in breathless steadiness. The result
may be imagined: the doctor smothered his child with kisses,
and even the mother herself had not a word to say; the victory
was complete.
After this pretty scene, the proud doctor asked Sir John
Leslie to send him a tutor for the little pupil who had made
so promising a beginning. Sir John recommended the youthful
teacher who was already in Haddington, and Edward Irving be-
came the teacher of the little girl. Their hours of study were
from six to eight in the morning,- which inclines one to imagine
that in spite of his fondness, the excellent doctor must have held
his household under Spartan discipline,- and again in the even-
ing after school hours. When the young tutor arrived in the
dark of the winter mornings, and found his little pupil, scarcely
dressed, peeping out of her room, he used to snatch her up in
his arms and carry her to the door, to name to her the stars
shining in the cold firmament hours before dawn; and when the
lessons were over, he set the child up on the table at which
they had been pursuing their studies, and taught her logic, to
the great tribulation of the household in which the little philoso-
pher pushed her inquiries into the puzzling metaphysics of life.
The greatest affection sprang up, as was natural, between the
child and her young teacher, whose heart at all times of his life
was always open to children. After the lapse of all these years,
their companionship looks both pathetic and amusing. A life-
long friendship sprang out of that early connection.
The pupil,
with all the enthusiasm of childhood, believed everything possi-
ble to the mind which gave its first impulse to her own; and
the teacher never lost the affectionate, indulgent love with which
the little woman, thus confided to his boyish care, inspired him.
Their intercourse did not have the romantic conclusion it might
have been supposed likely to end in; but as a friendship, existed
unbroken through all kinds of vicissitudes, and even through
entire separation, disapproval, and outward estrangement, to the
end of Irving's life.
When the lessons were over, it was a rule that the young
teacher should leave a daily report of his pupil's progress; when,
alas! that report was pessima, the little girl was punished. One
day he paused long before putting his sentence upon paper.


## p. 10844 (#52) ###########################################

10844
MARGARET OLIPHANT WILSON OLIPHANT
The culprit sat on the table, small, downcast, and conscious of
failure. The preceptor lingered remorsefully over his verdict,
wavering between justice and mercy. At last he looked up at
her with pitiful looks: "Jane, my heart is broken! " cried the
sympathetic tutor; "but I must tell the truth:" and with reluct-
ant pen he wrote the dread deliverance, pessima! The small
offender doubtless forgot the penalty that followed, but she has
not yet forgotten the compassionate dilemma in which truth was
the unwilling conqueror.
The youth who entered his house under such circumstances
soon became a favorite guest at the fireside of the doctor; who,
himself a man of education and intelligence, and of that dispo-
sition which makes men beloved, was not slow to find out the
great qualities of his young visitor. There are some men who
seem born to the inalienable good fortune of lighting upon the
best people,-"the most worthy," according to Irving's own ex-
pression long afterward, wherever they go. Irving's happiness
in this way began at Haddington. The doctor's wife seems to
have been one of those fair, sweet women whose remembrance
lasts longer than greatness. There is no charm of beauty more
delightful than that fragrance of it which lingers for generations
in the place where it has been an unconsciously refining and
tender influence. The Annandale youth came into a little world
of humanizing graces when he entered that atmosphere, and it
was only natural that he should retain the warmest recollection
of it throughout his life. It must have been of countless benefit
to him in this early stage of his career. The main quality in
himself which struck observers was - in strong and strange con-
tradiction to the extreme devotion of belief manifested in his lat-
ter years the critical and almost skeptical tendency of his mind,
impatient of superficial "received truths," and eager for proof
and demonstration of everything. Perhaps mathematics, which
then reigned paramount in his mind, was to blame: he was as
anxious to discuss, to prove and disprove, as a Scotch student
fresh from college is naturally disposed to be. It was a pecul-
iarity natural to his age and condition; and as his language was
always inclined to the superlative, and his feelings invariably took
part in every matter which commended itself to his mind, it is
probable that this inclination showed with a certain exaggeration
to surrounding eyes. "This youth will scrape a hole in every-
thing he is called on to believe," said the doctor; a strange proph-
ecy, looking at it by the light of events.
-
-
-


## p. 10845 (#53) ###########################################

10845
FRANCIS SYLVESTER O'MAHONY
-
"FATHER PROUT"
(1804-1866)
BY JOHN MALONE
OR nothing is the Scythian race of Europe's westernmost island
more remarkable than for the delightful and sympathetic
character of that individual of the human species so pecul-
iar to the country's history, the Irish Parish Priest. In childhood
and in youth avid of learning, gathering its fruits as a "poor scholar »
amid the hedge-rows of his famine-oppressed
fields and pastures, he becomes in manhood
the soldier of fortune and knight-errant of
human thought. When in maturer years
he receives the message of his ministry, he
carries out the duty of his state with a dig-
nity and fervor largely interspersed with a
thousand quirks of native wit and irrepressi-
ble humor. Quick with sympathy, tender
with consolation, and strong as any bog-
trotter, with an arm ready to wield a pike
and a back ready to bear a burden, second
to none in generosity as a host or geniality
as a comrade, the power of the sag-
gart over his people is as absolute as that of
any czar, and as sweet as that of the All-Father whose human type
he is.

FRANCIS O'MAHONY
In that brilliant company assembled about a table made immortal
as that of Arthur by the genius of Maclise, there smiles, by a happy
chance, beside the grave face of our own Washington Irving, the
gracious and restless genius of him who brought that wonderful and
fascinating element into hostile English literature through the per-
sonality of our beloved friend of Watergrasshill, "Father Prout. "
Francis Sylvester O'Mahony (I beg the reader to put the accent
upon the first syllable of the patronymic) was born in a humble
family of the city of Cork in the year 1804, and was, as the first-
born, disposed to the priesthood, in accordance with the rule of Irish


## p. 10846 (#54) ###########################################

10846
FRANCIS SYLVESTER O'MAHONY
families. He passed through the ordinary ways of education in his
own country, until he was thought sufficiently qualified to enter upon
his studies for the sacred office. With this end in view he was
placed in the College of the Jesuits at Amiens in France. After
serving under the strict rule of that order in various colleges of the
Continent for the period necessary to fulfill his novitiate, he became
attached, in the capacity of disciplinary prefect, to the college of
Clongowes Wood in his native country. The military rigor of the
Jesuit order sent him forth under marching orders, after a brief
period of service amongst his own people, and he seems to have
passed from house to house in Italy and Germany, according to the
usual plan adopted by the order for the detachment from individuals
of ties of place and comradeship. These ties seem to have been too
strongly secured to the young Irishman, for he was allowed to with-
draw from the schools of the disciples of Loyola, and to complete
his priestly equipment and ordination amongst those not bound by
the rules of monastic life. It is certain that he was made a priest
in Italy, whence he returned to his native city, where for a time he
occupied the position of curate to a gentle pastor, whose useful and
consoling ministry had never extended beyond the charm of the
sound of "Shandon Bells. "
Very little has been told of Father Prout's life while he followed
the course of studies prescribed by the Jesuit schools; but imagina-
tion affords a special delight to those who contemplate that mind
seething with the irrepressible chemistry of wit, vainly striving to
accommodate itself to the tasks imposed upon the young recruits of
that most rigorous and perfect of human institutions for the subjection
of self.
The schoolmaster from Marlborough Street, "Billy" Maginn, was
directly responsible for the introduction of "Father Prout" to the
great world.
When we reflect that the "Wizard of the North" had
so grandly set an example of anonymity to the younger generation,
it is not to be wondered at that so many gems of brilliant thought
first gleamed to the sun of Fame through the rough coating of ficti-
tious authorship, or that O'Mahony sheltered his bantlings under such
a cover.
When the supposed "Frank Cresswell" communicated to wits and
worldlings the beloved contents of Father Prout's strong chest, it was
not long before the youngsters about Grub Street realized that there
was a new pen in town; and, fully equipped as they were for the
enjoyable game of literary hide-and-seek, then so much in vogue
amongst them, they soon brought to their coterie the dearest and
best of that knightly circle of the pen, Father Frank Mahony, priest,
poet, inimitable jester, loving friend, faithful steadfast Irishman, and


## p. 10847 (#55) ###########################################

FRANCIS SYLVESTER O'MAHONY
10847
Christian gentleman. How glorious were the days and nights of
those "Fraserians" no one can be ignorant who looks around that
circle, which, beginning with Maginn and the decanters, is carried on
by Barry Cornwall, Southey, Thackeray, Churchill, Murphy, Ainsworth,
Coleridge, Hogg, Fraser, Crofton Croker, Lockhart, Theodore Hook,
D'Orsay, and Carlyle, to Mahony and Irving. At this time Father
Prout always wrote his name, according to the English method, with-
out the "O'"; but in his last years he returned again to the use of
the dignified prefix of his ancestral family.
In Fraser he poured out the treasure of a heart full of wisdom
and odd conceits, and overflowing with brilliant translations from the
classics of old and new tongues, and rogueries of his own invention
attributed to old and famous or unknown names, for the mystification
of the jolly and mischievous crew which swarmed from royal and
noble drawing-rooms, through the lobbies of Drury Lane and Covent
Garden, to the supper-rooms and convivial resorts which filled the
neighborhood of Printing-House Square.
It was Charles Dickens's idea which made Father Mahony one of
the first, and certainly one of the best, foreign correspondents. The
two met one day as "Prout" was about to depart for Italy; and
"Boz" suggested that the priest should furnish the Daily News with
letters on the state of social affairs in Rome, during those eventful
days which closed the Pontificate of Gregory XVI. and opened that
of Pius IX. Could anything have made "Prout's" name more famous,
it must have been the recognition of his peculiar fitness for this
work, which speedily followed the publication of his letters over the
pseudonym of "Sylvester Savonarola," first given in the News, and
republished in book form under the title of 'Final Reliques of Father
Prout,' by Blanchard Jerrold.
It was during the year 1834 that, in Cork, "Father Prout" began
his literary career. It was in 1866 that, in Paris, under the direction
of Father Lefèvre of the Society of Jesus, he received the last sacra-
ments of his church, and went from the dear neighborhood of the
"New Street of the Little Fields," where he had once cozily settled
his good friends the newly married Thackerays, to the company.
of the comrades of Christ who are mustered out of active service
militant.
Jnalelone


## p. 10848 (#56) ###########################################

10848
FRANCIS SYLVESTER O'MAHONY
FATHER PROUT
From the Reliques'
I
AM a younger son. I belong to an ancient but poor and
dilapidated house, of which the patrimonial estate was barely
enough for my elder; hence, as my share resembled what
is scientifically called an evanescent quantity, I was directed to
apply to that noble refuge of unprovided genius-the bar! To
the bar, with a heavy heart and aching head, I devoted year
after year; and was about to become a tolerable proficient in the
black letter, when an epistle from Ireland reached me in Furni-
val's Inn, and altered my prospects materially. This dispatch
was from an old Catholic aunt whom I had in that country, and
whose house I had been sent to when a child, on the speculation
that this visit to my venerable relative, who to her other good
qualities added that of being a resolute spinster, might deter-
mine her, as she was both rich and capricious, to make me her
inheritor. The letter urged my immediate presence in the dying
chamber of the Lady Cresswell; and as no time was to be lost, I
contrived to reach in two days the lonely and desolate mansion on
Watergrasshill, in the vicinity of Cork. As I entered the apart-
ment, by the scanty light of the lamp that glimmered dimly I
recognized with some difficulty the emaciated form of my gaunt
and withered kinswoman, over whose features, originally thin and
wan, the pallid hue of approaching death cast additional ghast-
liness. By the bedside stood the rueful and unearthly form of
Father Prout; and while the sort of chiaroscuro in which his
figure appeared, half shrouded, half revealed, served to impress.
me with a proper awe for his solemn functions, the scene itself,
and the probable consequences to me of this last interview
with my aunt, affected me exceedingly. I involuntarily knelt;
and while I felt my hands grasped by the long, cold, and bony
fingers of the dying, my whole frame thrilled; and her words,
the last she spoke in this world, fell on my ears with all the
effect of a potent witchery, never to be forgotten! "Frank,"
said the Lady Cresswell, "my lands and perishable riches I have
bequeathed to you, though you hold not the creed of which this
is a minister, and I die a worthless but steadfast votary: only
promise me and this holy man that, in memory of one to whom
your welfare is dear, you will keep the fast of Lent while you


## p. 10849 (#57) ###########################################

FRANCIS SYLVESTER O'MAHONY
10849
live; and as I cannot control your inward belief, be at least in
this respect a Roman Catholic: I ask no more. " How could I
have refused so simple an injunction? and what junior member
of the bar would not hold a good rental by so easy a tenure?
In brief, I was pledged in that solemn hour to Father Prout,
and to my kind and simple-hearted aunt, whose grave is in
Rathcooney and whose soul is in heaven.
During my short stay at Watergrasshill (a wild and romantic
district, of which every brake and fell, every bog and quagmire,
is well known to Crofton Croker for it is the very Arcadia of
his fictions), I formed an intimacy with this Father Andrew Prout,
the pastor of the upland, and a man celebrated in the south of
Ireland. He was one of that race of priests now unfortunately
extinct, or very nearly so, like the old breed of wolf-dogs, in the
island: I allude to those of his order who were educated abroad,
before the French Revolution, and had imbibed, from associating
with the polished and high-born clergy of the old Gallican church,
a loftier range of thought and a superior delicacy of sentiment.
Hence, in his evidence before the House of Lords, "the glorious
Dan" has not concealed the grudge he feels towards those cler-
gymen, educated on the Continent, who having witnessed the
doings of the sans-culottes in France, have no fancy to a rehearsal
of the same in Ireland. Of this class was Prout, P. P. of Water-
grasshill: but his real value was very faintly appreciated by his
rude flock; he was not understood by his contemporaries; his
thoughts were not their thoughts, neither could he commune with
kindred souls on that wild mountain. Of his genealogy nothing
was ever known with certainty; but in this he resembled Mel-
chizedek. Like Eugene Aram, he had excited the most intense
interest in the highest quarters, still did he studiously court
retirement. He was thought by some to be deep in alchemy,
like Friar Bacon; but the gaugers never even suspected him
of distilling "potheen. " He was known to have brought from
France a spirit of the most chivalrous gallantry; still, like Féne-
lon retired from the court of Louis XIV. , he shunned the attrac-
tions of the sex, for the sake of his pastoral charge: but in the
rigor of his abstinence and the frugality of his diet he resem-
bled no one, and none kept Lent so strictly.
Of his gallantry one anecdote will be sufficient. The fashion-
able Mrs. Pepper, with two female companions, traveling through
the county of Cork, stopped for Divine service at the chapel of
XIX-679


## p. 10850 (#58) ###########################################

10850
FRANCIS SYLVESTER O'MAHONY
Watergrasshill (which is on the high-road on the Dublin line),
and entered its rude gate while Prout was addressing his congre-
gation. His quick eye soon detected his fair visitants standing
behind the motley crowd, by whom they were totally unnoticed,
so intent were all on the discourse; when, interrupting the thread
of his homily to procure suitable accommodation for the stran-
gers, "Boys! " cried the old man, "why don't ye give three chairs
for the ladies ? » "Three cheers for the ladies! " re-echoed at once
the parish clerk. It was what might be termed a clerical, but
certainly a very natural, error: and so acceptable a proposal was
suitably responded to by the frieze-coated multitude, whose triple
shout shook the very cobwebs on the roof of the chapel! - after
which slight incident, service was quietly resumed.
He was extremely fond of angling; a recreation which, while
it ministered to his necessary relaxation from the toils of the
mission, enabled him to observe cheaply the fish diet imperative
on fast days. For this, he had established his residence at the
mountain-source of a considerable brook, which, after winding
through the parish, joins the Blackwater at Fermoy; and on its
banks would he be found, armed with his rod and wrapt in his
strange cassock, fit to personate the river-god or presiding genius
of the stream.
His modest parlor would not ill become the hut of one of
the fishermen of Galilee. A huge net in festoons curtained his
casement; a salmon-spear, sundry rods, and fishing-tackle hung
round the walls and over his bookcase, which latter was to him
the perennial spring of refined enjoyment. Still, he would sigh
for the vast libraries of France, and her well-appointed scien-
tific halls, where he had spent his youth in converse with the
first literary characters and most learned divines: and once he
directed my attention to what appeared to be a row of folio vol-
umes at the bottom of his collection, but which I found on trial
to be so many large flat stone-flags, with parchment backs, bear-
ing the appropriate title of CORNELII A LAPIDE Opera quæ extant
omnia; by which semblance of that old Jesuit's commentaries he
consoled himself for the absence of the original.
His classic acquirements were considerable, as will appear by
his Essay on Lent; and while they made him a most instruct-
ive companion, his unobtrusive merit left the most. favorable im-
pression. The general character of a Churchman is singularly
improved by the tributary accomplishments of the scholar, and


## p. 10851 (#59) ###########################################

FRANCIS SYLVESTER O'MAHONY
10851
literature is like a pure grain of Araby's incense in the golden
censer of religion. His taste for the fine arts was more genu-
ine than might be conjectured from the scanty specimens that
adorned his apartment, though perfectly in keeping with his
favorite sport: for there hung over the mantelpiece a print of
Raphael's cartoon, the Miraculous Draught'; here Tobit Res-
cued by an Angel from the Fish,' and there 'St. Anthony
Preaching to the Fishes. '
THE SHANDON BELLS
From The Rogueries of Tom Moore,' in the Reliques >
ITн deep affection
And recollection
I often think on
WITH
Those Shandon bells,
Whose sounds so wild would
In the days of childhood,
Fling round my cradle
Their magic spells.
On this I ponder
Where'er I wander,
And thus grow fonder,
Sweet Cork, of thee;
With thy bells of Shandon,
That sound so grand on
The pleasant waters
Of the river Lee.
I've heard bells chiming
Full many a clime in,
Tolling sublime in
Cathedral shrine,
While at a glib rate
Brass tongues would vibrate-
But all their music
Spoke naught like thine;
For memory dwelling
On each proud swelling
Of the belfry knelling
Its bold notes free,


## p. 10852 (#60) ###########################################

10852
FRANCIS SYLVESTER O'MAHONY
Made the bells of Shandon
Sound far more grand on
The pleasant waters
Of the river Lee.
I've heard bells tolling
Old "Adrian's Mole" in,
Their thunder rolling
From the Vatican,
And cymbals glorious
Swinging uproarious
In the gorgeous turrets
Of Nôtre Dame;
But thy sounds are sweeter
Than the dome of Peter
Flings o'er the Tiber,
Pealing solemnly:
Oh! the bells of Shandon
Sound far more grand on
The pleasant waters
Of the river Lee.
There's a bell in Moscow,
While on tower and kiosk, O!
In Saint Sophia
The Turkman gets,
And loud in air
Calls men to prayer
From the tapering summit
Of tall minarets.
Such empty phantom
I freely grant them;
But there is an anthem
More dear to me,-
'Tis the bells of Shandon,
That sound so grand on
The pleasant waters
Of the river Lee.


## p. 10853 (#61) ###########################################

FRANCIS SYLVESTER O'MAHONY
10853
DON IGNACIO LOYOLA'S VIGIL
IN THE CHAPEL OF OUR LADY OF MONTSERRAT
From Literature and the Jesuits,' in the 'Reliques'
WHE
HEN at thy shrine, most holy maid!
The Spaniard hung his votive blade,
And bared his helmèd brow,
Not that he feared war's visage grim,
Or that the battle-field for him
Had aught to daunt, I trow,-
«< Glory! " he cried, "with thee I've done!
Fame, thy bright theatres I shun,
To tread fresh pathways now;
To track thy footsteps, Savior God!
With throbbing heart, with feet unshod:
Hear and record my vow.
"Yes, thou shalt reign! Chained to thy throne,
The mind of man thy sway shall own,
And to its conqueror bow.
Genius his lyre to thee shall lift,
And intellect its choicest gift
Proudly on thee bestow. "
Straight on the marble floor he knelt,
And in his breast exulting felt
A vivid furnace glow;
Forth to his task the giant sped:
Earth shook abroad beneath his tread,
And idols were laid low.
India repaired half Europe's loss;
O'er a new hemisphere the Cross
Shone in the azure sky;
And from the isles of far Japan
To the broad Andes, won o'er man
A bloodless victory!


## p. 10854 (#62) ###########################################

10854
FRANCIS SYLVESTER O'MAHONY
MALBROUCK
From The Songs of France,' in the Reliques'
M
ALBROUCK, the prince of commanders,
Is gone to the war in Flanders;
His fame is like Alexander's:
But when will he come home?
Perhaps at Trinity Feast, or
Perhaps he may come at Easter.
Egad! he'd better make haste, or
We fear he may never come.
For Trinity Feast" is over,
«<
And has brought no news from Dover;
And Easter is past, moreover:
And Malbrouck still delays.
Milady in her watch-tower
Spends many a pensive hour,
Not well knowing why or how her
Dear lord from England stays.
While sitting quite forlorn in
That tower, she spies returning
A page clad in deep mourning,
With fainting steps and slow.
"O page, prithee come faster!
What news do you bring of your master?
I fear there is some disaster,
Your looks are so full of woe. "
"The news I bring, fair lady,"
With sorrowful accent said he,
"Is one you are not ready
So soon, alas! to hear.
But since to speak I'm hurried,”
Added this page, quite flurried,
"Malbrouck is dead and buried! "
(And here he shed a tear. )
"He's dead! he's dead as a herring!
For I beheld his 'berring,'
And four officers transferring
His corpse away from the field.


## p. 10855 (#63) ###########################################

FRANCIS SYLVESTER O'MAHONY
10855
"One officer carried his sabre,
And he carried it not without labor,
Much envying his next neighbor,
Who only bore a shield.
"The third was helmet-bearer
That helmet which on its wearer
Filled all who saw it with terror,
And covered a hero's brains.
―――――
"Now, having got so far, I
Find that (by the Lord Harry! )
The fourth is left nothing to carry;
So there the thing remains. ”
THE SONG OF THE COSSACK
From The Songs of France,' in the 'Reliques>
C
OME, arouse thee up, my gallant horse, and bear thy rider on!
The comrade thou, and the friend, I trow, of the dweller on
the Don.
Pillage and Death have spread their wings! 'tis the hour to hie thee
forth,
And with thy hoofs an echo wake to the trumpets of the North!
Nor gems nor gold do men behold upon thy saddle-tree;
But earth affords the wealth of lords for thy master and for thee.
Then fiercely neigh, my charger gray! -thy chest is proud and
ample;
Thy hoofs shall prance o'er the fields of France, and the pride of her
heroes trample!
Europe is weak - she hath grown old-her bulwarks are laid low;
She is loath to hear the blast of war- she shrinketh from a foe!
Come, in our turn, let us sojourn in her goodly haunts of joy
In the pillared porch to wave the torch, and her palaces destroy!
Proud as when first thou slack'dst thy thirst in the flow of conquered
Seine,
Aye shalt thou lave, within that wave, thy blood-red flanks again.
Then fiercely neigh, my gallant gray! -thy chest is strong and
ample!
Thy hoofs shall prance o'er the fields of France, and the pride of her
heroes trample!


## p. 10856 (#64) ###########################################

10856
FRANCIS SYLVESTER O'MAHONY
Kings are beleaguered on their thrones by their own vassal crew;
And in their den quake noblemen, and priests are bearded too;
And loud they yelp for the Cossack's help to keep their bondsmen
down,
And they think it meet, while they kiss our feet, to wear a tyrant's
crown!
The sceptre now to my lance shall bow, and the crosier and the
cross
Shall bend alike when I lift my pike, and aloft THAT SCEPTRE toss!
Then proudly neigh, my gallant gray! -thy chest is broad and
ample;
Thy hoofs shall prance o'er the fields of France, and the pride of her
heroes trample!
In a night of storm I have seen a form! - and the figure was a
GIANT,
And his eye was bent on the Cossack's tent, and his look was all
defiant;
Kingly his crest-and towards the West with his battle-axe he
pointed;
And the "form" I saw was ATTILA! of this earth the Scourge
Anointed.
From the Cossack's camp let the horseman's tramp the coming crash
announce;
Let the vulture whet his beak sharp set, on the carrion field to
pounce;
And proudly neigh, my charger gray! -Oh, thy chest is broad and
ample;
Thy hoofs shall prance o'er the fields of France, and the pride of her
heroes trample!
What boots old Europe's boasted fame, on which she builds reliance,
When the North shall launch its avalanche on her works of art and
science?
Hath she not wept, her cities swept by our hordes of trampling
stallions?
And tower and arch crushed in the march of our barbarous battal-
ions?
Can we not wield our father's shield? the same war-hatchet handle?
Do our blades want length, or the reaper's strength, for the harvest
of the Vandal?
Then proudly neigh, my gallant gray, for thy chest is strong and
ample;
And thy hoofs shall prance o'er the fields of France, and the pride of
her heroes trample!


## p. 10857 (#65) ###########################################

10857
JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY
(1844-1890)
BY MAURICE FRANCIS EGAN
Ew men had a more romantic or picturesque life than John
Boyle O'Reilly; and few men have lived more consistent
lives, though consistency is not generally looked upon as an
attribute of romance. From the beginning to the end of his career
he showed high qualities, illumined by that glow which not even the
poet Wordsworth could describe, when he called it the "light that
never was on sea or land. " And at no time
did the actor in so many thrilling incidents
fall below the elevation that one expects
in a hero of romance. His thoughts, his
moods, his quality, his temperament,-all
are thoroughly expressed in the pages of
his poetry. If the essence of literature is
personality and the exact expression of it,
Boyle O'Reilly's work will live when the old
wrongs that wrung his heart are gone, and
the liberty he loved blesses the spots which
to his eyes were made desolate by tyranny.
The effects of that work can never be esti-
mated; they were felt by youth and age, by
men of every religious opinion and none;
they made for righteousness, for peace with honor, for toleration,
sympathy, and the highest patriotism.

BOYLE O'REILLY
He was born June 28th, 1844, at Dowth Castle, near the town of
Drogheda, in Ireland. Mr. James Jeffrey Roche, the closest friend of
the poet, who understood him by experience and intuition, gives in
his Life, Poems, and Speeches of John Boyle O'Reilly' (New York:
Cassell Publishing Co. ), a description of the traditions and surround-
ings of this beautiful spot. They helped to develop the passionate,
chivalrous love of his native country and of liberty in the boy. He
was brought up in an atmosphere of legend and story; and his father,
a schoolmaster of the higher type, joined with a clever mother in
laying the foundation of his literary success. He began his life work
as a compositor in a printing-office in Ireland; and continued it in the


## p. 10858 (#66) ###########################################

10858
JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY
same vocation at Preston, in Lancashire, where he made many warm
friends. His experience in the British army, his connection with the
Fenian movement, his imprisonment, his Australian exile, the thrilling
details of his escape, supplied material for his romance of 'Moondyne,'
and helped to add riches to an imagination which turned all that it
touched into new and rare forms. If there were space here for a
detailed biography, one could not do better than to quote from Mr.
Roche's 'Life'; but this paper must concern itself with the reflection
of that life as expressed in literary form. In the United States, after
adventures by sea and land, and tortures and suffering borne with a
heroism that was both Greek and Christian, he found the spirit of
freedom in concrete form. Our country satisfied his aspirations for
liberty; he loved Ireland not less, but America more; he was exiled
from the land of his birth, yet he found ample consolation in the
country he had chosen. An Irishman and a Catholic, he made an
epoch in the history of his people in the United States; and he was,
as editor of the Boston Pilot, enabled to do this through the support
and encouragement of one of the most eminent prelates of his church,
Archbishop Williams.
In the hundreds of paragraphs and leaders that came from his pen
during his connection with the Pilot (1870-90), there is the plasticity
and strength which show in 'Moondyne' (1878), and in his part of
'The King's Men' (1884).
'The King's Men' was written by him in collaboration with Rob-
ert Grant, "J. S. of Dale," and John F. Wheelwright.
It had as a
precedent Six of One and Half a Dozen of the Other,' done by six
writers, marshaled by the author of The Man Without a Country. '
It appeared in the Boston Globe, and achieved great success. The
plan of the book was a "projection" into the reign of George V.
George, during a revolution of his subjects, had found an asylum in
America, in the thirty-third year of the German Republic and in the
seventieth of the French. O'Reilly's part in this romance is not diffi-
cult to discover in the picture of life in Dartmouth Prison, and in
those luminous touches which the writer's love of liberty and heart-
breaking experience enabled him to give. All O'Reilly's prose, even
in its most careless form, shows the gift of the writer born with the
power of so welding impression and expression that thought and style
become as closely united as soul and body. And as he grew older,
his power as a prose writer increased. As with most poets, his prose
shows qualities entirely different from his verse. In his verse his
forte is not in description; in his prose he describes minutely and
with the keenness of an etcher. His poetry is especially transparent:
the man is plain; he scarcely needs a biographer who can give him-
self as he is to the world.


## p. 10859 (#67) ###########################################

JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY
10859
'Moondyne' has glowing pages; there are things in it that remind
us of the fervor of Victor Hugo. It is not as a writer of prose that
O'Reilly lives, however, but by that lyrical force which obliges us to
retain in our memories the song of the singer, whether we will or
not. He was more than what we call a lyrist; he was a bard in the
Celtic sense, a prophet, a seer, the denouncer of wrong, the inter-
preter of love, the inspirer of valor, of awe, of hope. And he had
the respect of the bard for a mission that was his as his heart was
his; no poet was ever less self-conscious and no poet more personal.
His lines written under a bust of Keats interpret the thought of many
that remember him:
--
"A godlike face, with human love and will
And tender fancy traced in every line;
A godlike face, but oh, how human still!
Dear Keats, who love the gods their love is thine. "
O'Reilly's first volume, 'Songs of the Southern Seas,' was made
up of narrative poems; it appeared in 1873. Songs, Legends, and
Ballads' (1878) contained the 'Songs' with additions. There was a
new flavor in the ballads,- for they were veritable ballads. The
taste of the public for color and the fundamental emotions in stir-
ring musical narrative was fully gratified in these poems. Above all,
they were original in the sense that they contained impressions taken
from a personal view of life. They had the pathos of the mind that
had possessed only itself for years, and the nobility which comes to
a great soul which prison walls help to larger freedom. Critics and
readers recognized the strength and beauty of The Amber Whale,'
'The King of the Vasse,' and 'Ensign Epps'; and though lacking
the depth of thought of his later song, they have kept their place in
the hearts of the people. In remote towns and villages, in places the
most unexpected, the family scrap-book has these swinging poems;
and there are few anthologies arranged for the popular taste without
at least 'The Dukite Snake' or 'The Day Guard. '
Of his lyrics, the singing poems, expressing a reflection, a thought,
a mood,-'In Bohemia' is probably the general favorite. But the
place of a poet is not settled by the one poem read and re-read,
quoted and re-quoted. The surface indications do not manifest the
strength or the grasp of the poet; there are depths into which his
nobler thought sinks. In a time of crisis, if freedom were threatened,
there are poems of O'Reilly's which would serve to fire the hearts in
which they live with the fervor that came at the sound of Julia
Ward Howe's 'Battle Hymn of the Republic' or Father Ryan's 'Con-
quered Banner. ' 'The Cry of the Dreamer,' clinging to the heart
and memory, is not one of these, but it has virility in it,--and this


## p. 10860 (#68) ###########################################

10860
JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY
quality is never lacking in the slightest of his lyrics. O'Reilly's lines
'An Art Master' express his view of merely technical skill in verse:
"He gathered cherry-stones and carved them quaintly
Into fine semblances of flies and flowers;
With subtle skill he even imaged faintly
The forms of tiny maids and ivied towers.
"His little blocks he loved to file and polish;
An ampler means he asked not, but despised.
All art but cherry-stones he would abolish,
For then his genius would be highly prized.
"For such rude hands as dealt with wrongs and passions
And throbbing hearts, he had a pitying smile;
Serene his way through surging years and fashions,
While Heaven gave him his cherry-stones to file. "
His genius and manliness had been recognized by America when
he was cut off from this life, August 10th, 1890. It seemed to him
and his friends that there was much to do in the sunlight of kindli-
ness which shone about him; but to use his own words in The Dead
Singer,
«The singer who lived is always alive: we hearken and always hear. ”
It is too early to estimate O'Reilly's place among the poets of his
chosen land,—if indeed a poet's place can be settled by the rough
comparisons of the critic. All that can be done is to indicate certain
pieces of his that have acquired the approval of the critics and the
enthusiasm of the people.
W
une Francis Egan
The following poems are copyrighted, and are reprinted by permission of
the Cassell Publishing Co. , publishers.
ENSIGN EPPS, THE COLOR-BEARER
Ε
NSIGN EPPS, at the battle of Flanders,
Sowed a seed of glory and duty,
That flowers and flames in height and beauty
Like a crimson lily with heart of gold,
To-day, when the wars of Ghent are old,
And buried as deep as their dead commanders.
1


## p. 10861 (#69) ###########################################

JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY
10861
Ensign Epps was the color-bearer, -
No matter on which side, Philip or Earl;
Their cause was the shell — his deed was the pearl.
Scarce more than a lad, he had been a sharer
That day in the wildest work of the field.
He was wounded and spent, and the fight was lost;
His comrades were slain, or a scattered host.
But stainless and scatheless, out of the strife,
He had carried his colors safer than life.
By the river's brink, without weapon or shield,
He faced the victors. The thick heart-mist
He dashed from his eyes, and the silk he kissed
Ere he held it aloft in the setting sun,
As proudly as if the fight were won;
And he smiled when they ordered him to yield.
Ensign Epps, with his broken blade,
Cut the silk from the gilded staff,
Which he poised like a spear till the charge was made,
And hurled at the leader with a laugh.
Then round his breast, like the scarf of his love,
He tied the colors his heart above,
And plunged in his armor into the tide,
And there, in his dress of honor, died.
Where are the lessons your kinglings teach?
And what is the text of your proud commanders?
Out of the centuries, heroes reach
With the scroll of a deed, with the word of a story,
Of one man's truth and of all men's glory,
Like Ensign Epps at the battle of Flanders.
THE CRY OF THE DREAMER
AM tired of planning and toiling.
In the crowded hives of men;
Heart-weary of building and spoiling,
And spoiling and building again.
And I long for the dear old river,
Where I dreamed my youth away;
For a dreamer lives forever,
And a toiler dies in a day.


## p. 10862 (#70) ###########################################

10862
JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY
I am sick of the showy seeming,
Of a life that is half a lie;
Of the faces lined with scheming
In the throng that hurries by.
From the sleepless thoughts' endeavor,
I would go where the children play;
For a dreamer lives forever,
And a thinker dies in a day. .
I can feel no pride, but pity
For the burdens the rich endure;
There is nothing sweet in the city
But the patient lives of the poor.
Oh, the little hands too skillful,
And the child-mind choked with weeds!
The daughter's heart grown willful,
And the father's heart that bleeds!
No, no! from the street's rude bustle,
From trophies of mart and tage,
I would fly to the woods' low rustle
And the meadows' kindly page.
Let me dream as of old by the river,
And be loved for the dream alway;
For a dreamer lives forever,
And a toiler dies in a day.
A DEAD MAN
THE
HE Trapper died-our hero-and we grieved;
In every heart in camp the sorrow stirred.
"His soul was red! " the Indian cried, bereaved;
"A white man, he! " the grim old Yankee's word.
So, brief and strong, each mourner gave his best. —
How kind he was, how brave, how keen to track;
And as we laid him by the pines to rest,
A negro spoke, with tears: "His heart was black! "
MY TROUBLES!
WROTE down my troubles every day;
And after a few short years,
When I turned to the heart-aches passed away,
I read them with smiles, not tears.


## p. 10863 (#71) ###########################################

JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY
10863
THE RAINBOW'S TREASURE
HERE the foot of the rainbow meets the field,
And the grass resplendent glows,
The earth will a precious treasure yield,
So the olden story goes.
WHE
In a crystal cup are the diamonds piled,
For him who can swiftly chase
Over torrent and desert and precipice wild,
To the rainbow's wandering base.
There were two in the field at work one day,
Two brothers, who blithely sung,
When across their valley's deep-winding way
The glorious arch was flung!
And one saw naught but a sign of rain,
And feared for his sheaves unbound;
And one is away, over mountain and plain,
Till the mystical treasure is found!
Through forest and stream, in a blissful dream,
The rainbow lured him on;
With a siren's guile it loitered awhile,
Then leagues away was gone.
Over brake and brier he followed fleet;
The people scoffed as he passed;
But in thirst and heat, and with wounded feet,
He nears the prize at last.
It is closer and closer - he wins the race-
One strain for the goal in sight:
Its radiance falls on his yearning face-
The blended colors unite!
He laves his brow in the iris beam
He reaches - Ah woe! the sound
From the misty gulf where he ends his dream,
And the crystal cup is found!
'Tis the old, old story: one man will read
His lesson of toil in the sky;
While another is blind to the present need,
But sees with the spirit's eye.
You may grind their souls in the selfsame mill,
You may bind them heart and brow;
But the poet will follow the rainbow still,
And his brother will follow the plow.


## p. 10864 (#72) ###########################################

10864
JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY
YESTERDAY AND TO-MORROW
OYS have three stages, Hoping, Having, and Had;
J
The hands of Hope are empty, and the heart of Having is sad:
For the joy we take, in the taking dies; and the joy we Had is
its ghost.
Now which is the better-the joy unknown, or the joy we have
clasped and lost?
THE
A WHITE ROSE
HE red rose whispers of passion,
And the white rose breathes of love;
Oh, the red rose is a falcon
And the white rose is a dove.
But I send you a cream-white rosebud
With a flush on its petal tips;
For the love that is purest and sweetest
Has a kiss of desire on the lips.
THE INFINITE
THE
HE Infinite always is silent:
It is only the Finite speaks.
Our words are the idle wave-caps
On the deep that never breaks.
We may question with wand of science,
Explain, decide, and discuss;
But only in meditation
The Mystery speaks to us.


## p. 10865 (#73) ###########################################

10865
OSSIAN
AND OSSIANIC POETRY
BY WILLIAM SHARP AND ERNEST RHYS
HE old controversy over "Ossian," which once engaged so
many famous disputants from Dr. Samuel Johnson to Mat-
thew Arnold, need no longer trouble the reader on his way.
through the world's literature. Celtic research and the modern sense
of our ancient poetry have changed the venue. We have a whole
cycle of Gaelic tales and poems now on the subject, which have been
gradually unearthed, affording new clues and a clearer outlook. Out
of these fuller materials we may still construct, if we will, an ideal
Ossian, just as Macpherson did. But we must remember, if we do,
that there is no corresponding real Ossian, the actual and undenia-
ble author of these Gaelic sagas or any part of them. Indeed, to be
at all precise in choosing their typical hero, we should have to admit
that a better name than Ossian's for our label would be Finn's*;
while the whole cycle is wider than the names of either Finn or
Ossian would fully suggest.
It is Ossian, however, to whom. by force of habit and by popu-
lar suffrage, we still look and probably shall ever look as the king
in this haunted realm. And Ossian's name, no doubt, will still best
serve to characterize the poetry which fragmentarily but none the
less potently long ago fascinated Macpherson, and through him.
caught the ear of Europe.
Who then was Ossian? †
Ossian, or Oisin, was traditionally the son of Finn; that Finn mac
Cumhool (Cool) whose name is in Celtic literature the beacon round
which all other lesser lights congregate. Oisin may be roughly
assigned in history to the Ireland of the end of the third century.
According to Scottish tradition, Finn, however, was the son of a
Scottish king who came over from Ireland, and of a Scandinavian
* Finn, Fionn, Fin. The Scottish or rather Macphersonian equivalent, Fin-
gal, is not ancient.
Ossian is the Scottish variant, and that most familiar to non-Celtic peo-
ples. Osh-shin is the common pronunciation in the Highlands. The proper
spelling is Oisin; but even in Ireland the name is never so pronounced, but
variably as Usheen, Isheen, Useen, Washeen, and otherwise.
XIX-680


## p. 10866 (#74) ###########################################

10866
OSSIAN
princess; and we may say at once that this mixed Celtic and Norse
origin is significant, not only for the personal history of the hero
himself, but for that of the whole heroic literature to which he and
his son Ossian lend characteristic life, color, and antique circumstance.
It is to the fine fusion of certain Norse with certain Gaelic elements,
in the Aryan past, that we owe the particular genre, at any rate,
which was produced in the Scottish region associated with Ossian.
Some difference is to be found if we turn to the more purely Irish
of our Gaelic originals, and seek in Ireland for the old battle which
is almost always, in Celtic tradition, the beginning of what we may
call epic balladry.
In this case it is the battle of Cnucha (Castleknock), ten miles
from the present city of Dublin, which sets the war-music going.
Here it was that Conn of the Hundred Battles warred with Cool
(Cumhool) Finn's father, and Cool was slain by Aedh, afterwards
known as "Goll," or the Blind, because he lost an eye in the battle.
This gives a leitmotiv to the dramatic episodes that follow, in Finn's
desire for revenge on his father's enemies. Here begins a sort of
tribal warfare between Munster and Connaught, which ends in the
destruction of the followers of Finn, the "Fianna," -a name, by the
way, which, although it so closely resembles Finn's, has no connection
with it; meaning simply the tribal militia, or "Fenians," to use the
modern equivalent that has been too long removed from its original
context to be successfully replaced there. The battle of Gowra is the
last great event of this war. At Gowra, Ossian and his son Oscar
fought disastrously against the descendants of Conn of the Hundred
Battles, and the power of the Fianna was finally broken.
In these battles and their allied and sequent episodes and disas-
ters and tribal intrigues, we arrive at the basis of the Irish tradi-
tions of the Ossianic cycle. And though there is endless variation in
the names and dates and places involved, according as these tradi-
tions were retailed in one country-side, or one century, or another, we
still find that behind them lurks a real fragment of heroic history,
colored perhaps by some earlier Celtic myth, and in any case full
of potential romance, heroic imagination, and a crude but splendid
poetry. It is not only that the subject-matter behind it is so full and
rich, but that the manner and turn of its expression is also so indi-
vidual and sonorous and effective. As for its subject-matter, it may
be said to range over something like thirteen or fourteen centuries,
from first to last. We have already referred to its quasi-historical
first beginnings in the third century, when Fionn's father fought
Conn of the Hundred Battles, and fell by the hand of Goll; and many
critics are content to accept this as the extreme starting-point. But
if we accept the conclusions of such authorities in Celtic folk-lore as


## p. 10867 (#75) ###########################################

OSSIAN
10867
<<
Professor Kuno Meyer and his collaborator Mr. Alfred Nutt, we shall
have to travel much further back into time. Mr. Nutt has stated
very ingeniously and carefully the claim for a mythical prehistoric
origin for the Ossianic cycle. "Every Celtic tribe," he writes, pos-
sessed traditions both mythical and historical.
Myth and his-
tory acted and reacted upon each other, and produced heroic saga,
which may be defined as myth tinged and distorted by history. The
largest element is as a rule suggested by myth, so that the varying
heroic sagas of a race have always a great deal in common. »
Whether we quite accept this or not, in its entirety, we cannot
ignore the distinct mythical coloring of many parts of the Ossianic
cycle; and admitting it to exist, we are at once carried to the remote
pre-Gaelic antiquity of the Aryan peoples, who personified sun, stars,
earth, sea, air, fire, and water, and told the folk-tales which were to
grow into Homeric epics, Norse sagas, and Ossianic ballads, as races
and languages grew and took on a local habitation and a name.
These wild-birds of old tradition found in their flight through
time a congenial resting-place in the mountain regions which we
associate with Ossian, whether in Scotland or Ireland. There they
prospered and their broods grew and spread, century after century.
To drop the figure of speech, the descendants of these first folk-tales,
that grew and turned themselves into little heroic histories, multi-
plied wherever the Gaelic imagination worked on the memories of
the people, and the Gaelic tongue gave it characteristic expression.
Thus we have, in the immense number of MSS. dealing with Ossianic
materials, ballads and stories which date from almost every century
from the tenth to the eighteenth. Successive bards and tale-tellers
shaped them and colored them anew time after time, fitting them to
the need of the period; using them now as a thinly veiled fable of
recent events, now as an allegory of war, and now as a localized and
modified narrative of some Norse invasion or some lingering tribal
feud.
There is nothing more interesting in the whole history of the
world's literature than this passage of the Ossianic tradition through
the centuries until it arrived in the eighteenth at Macpherson, whose
genius gave it new effect and a new set of disguises that still puzzle
many people. At this late hour in our own day it has had a strange
and significant re-birth, though in the spirit rather than in the letter.
We wish here to pursue the tradition in its adventures, and as
much for the entertainment to be had by the way as for its curious
historical and severely literary interest. One or two of its earlier
phases have already been touched upon; but we have said nothing
yet of the exceedingly characteristic way in which the early conflict
in Gaeldom between the old pagan and the new Christian cult is


## p. 10868 (#76) ###########################################

10868
OSSIAN
given dramatic expression in the cycle. One of the richest of its
sections is that devoted to the series of ballad-colloquies between St.
Patrick and Ossian, as the special pleaders respectively of the new
and the old order.