No More Learning

s. vo. 'Anesavdpela, Tâaos ; Vos- son, and Neratius Priscus, led the opposite school,
sius, de llist. Graec. , p. 264, ed. Westermann ; as successors of Pegasus. He was the teacher of
Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. vi. p. 370. ) Suidas also Aburnus Valens, Tuscianus, and Julianus. It ap-
calls him a grammarian ; and a grammarian Jason is pears from a fragment of Julianus (Dig. 40. tit. 2.
quoted in the Etymologicum Magnum (p. 184, 27). s. 5), that Javolenus was a praetor and proconsul
4. Of Byzantium, only known by a single re- in Syria. According to a passage of Capitolinus
ference in Plutarch (de Fluv. 1]), where the title (Ant. Pius, 12), he was one of the council of An-
of his work, instead of Tpayıká, should probably toninus Pius. Some of his biographers think that
be paxiká. (Jonsius, Script. Hist. Philos. ii. if he were alive in the reign of Antoninus, he must
2, 2. )
[P. S. ] have been too old to hold such a post ; hence they
IASOʻNIA ('Iagovia), a surname of Athena at question the authority of Capitolinus, and, more-
Cyzicus. (Apollon. Rhod. i. 960; comp. Müller, over, the passage referred to is probably interpo
Orchom. p. 282, 2d edit. )
[L. S. ] lated and corrupt. But there is no pressing im-
IASUS ("lacos), the name of a considerable probability in the statement, if the reading be
number of mythical personages, which is some genuine ; for if, as appears to be likely, Javolenus
times written Iasius, and is etymologically the was born about the commencement of the reign of
same as Iason and Iasion, though the latter is more Vespasian ( A. D. 79), he might well be an imperial
especially used for the same persons as Iasius. councillor between the age of sixty and seventy.
Five persons of the name of lasus occur in the Pliny relates from hearsay an anecdote of Javole.
legends of Argos, viz. : —
nus, which has given rise to much discussion (Ep.
1. A son of Phoroneus, and brother of Pelasgus vi. 15). Passienus Paulus, a noble eques and
and Agenor, or Arestor. (Eustath. ad Hom. writer of verses, invited Javolenus to a recitation.
p. 385. )
Paulus began by saying “ Prisce jubes," but we
2. A son of Argus and Evadne, a daughter of are not told whether these were the first words of
Strymon, or, according to a scholiast (ad Eurip. his poem, or a polite form of asking leave to com-
Phoen. 1151), a son of Peitho, the father of mence. Javolenus, however, replied, “ Ego vero
Agenor, and father of Argus Panoptes. (Apollod. non jubeo. " This mal-à propos expression occa-
ii. 1. & 2. )
sioned much laughter among the party, but was
3. A son of Argus Panoptes and Ismene, the chilling to the host. Whether it was uttered by
daughter of Asopus, and the father of lo. (Apollod. Javolenus in a fit of mental absence, or by way of
ii. 1. § 3. )
awkward joke, or as a blunt expression of impa-
4. A son of Io. (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1185. ) tience, under an infliction which more than once
5. A son of Triopas, grandson of Phorbas, and roused the indignation of Juvenal, does not ap-
brother of Agenor. This person is in reality the pear. Pliny sets down Javolenus as a madman,
same as No. 3, with only a different pedigree as- but this imputation is probably to be construed in
signed to him. (Paus. ii. 16. § 1; Hom. Od. xviii. a loose sense. Even if the rude saying of Javole-
246; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1465. )
nus was occasioned, as some think, by actual tem-
6. An Arcadian, a son of Lycurgus and Cleo- porary mental aberration, brought on by overwork,
phile or Eurynome, a brother of Ancaeus and Am- his madness was not of such a kind as to prevent
phidamas, and the husband of Clymene, the daughter him from attending to the ordinary duties of his
of Minyas, by whom he became the father of Ata- profession (Plin. l. c. ) Some writers, in order to
lante. (Apollod. m. 9. & 2. ). Hyginus (Fab. 70, save the credit of the jurist of the Digest, hare
99) calls him lasius, and Aelian (V. H. xiii
. 1) absurdly imagined a second mad jurist of the san
and Pausanias (v. 7. $ 4, 14. & 5) Iasion. At the name. Others, as absurdly, have imagined that
first Olympian games which Heracles celebrated, the insanity of Javolenus is to be detected in two
lasus won the prize in the horse-race, and a statue passages of the Digest (Dig. 35. tit. 1. s. 55, Dig.
of him stood at Tegea. (Paus. v. 8. § 1, viii. 4. ) 17. tit. ). s. 52), from the badness of their reason-
7. A son of Eleuther, and father of Chaeresileus. | ing. In the former passage, Javolenus compares
(Paus. ix. 20. § 2. )
the bequest of a legacy to an incapable person to a
who lived
erilas, of
Oris Jar
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utes des
Pusteriora
took its te
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Javolenus
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rakes no
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ten books
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1768, was


## p. 557 (#573) ############################################

JAVOLENUS.
557
ICADIUS.
direction of the testator that so much money should | Ger. Delrichs, entitled “ Thesaurus Novus Disser-
be thrown into the sea. The two cases so com- tationum Juridicarum selectissimarum in Acadeiniis
pared in their legal effects have some resemblances Belgicis habiturum," vol. iii. tom. i. pp. 1-94 ;
and some differences. The other passage contains Glob. Aug. Jenichen, de Prisco Javoleno Ido in-
an opinion of Javolenus, which, instead of betray- comparubili, 4to. Lips. 1734 ; Jo. Glieb. Lindner,
ing any symptom of insanity, rests upon sound de Javoleno Prisco Jcto, 4to. Arnstadtii, 1770 ;
legal principles, and is correctly decided. In ge Neuber, Die juristischen Klassiker, pp. 146—182;
neral, the writings of Javolenus manifest an accu- Ferd. Kämmerer, Beiträge zur Geschichte und The-
rate knowledge of antiquity, and of the works of orie des Römischen Rechts, vol. i. num. 6, pp. 245
preceding jurists. He is several times cited by -254. )
(J. T. G. )
some of the most eminent of his successorg-Ju- I'BÝCUS (*16ukos), the fifth lyric poet in the
lianus, Valens, Gaius, Ulpian, and Paulus. When Alexandrine canon, was a native of Rhegium.
the name Priscus alone occurs, as in Ulpiuni Frag. One writer calls him a Messenian, no doubt
menta, tit. 11. 6. 28, Javolenus, and not Neratius because the survivors of the second Messenian War
Priscus, is to be understood. In an extract from formed a considerable portion of the population of
Ulpian, Dig. 7. tit. 8. 8. 10. § 2, we find the ex- Rhegium. His father's name is differently stated,
pression “ Et Priscus et Neratius. ”
as Phytius, Polyzelus, Cerdas, Eelidas, but Phytius
There are 206 extracts from Javolenus in the is probably the right name. The best part of his
Digest, occupying twenty-three pages in Hommel. life was spent at Samos, at the court of Polycrates,
He wrote, J. Ex Cussio Libri XV. , commentaries about Ol. 60, B. c. 510. Suidas erroneously places
upon some work of Caius Cassius Longinus, a leader him twenty years earlier, in the time of Croesus
of the school to which Javolenus belonged. In this and the father of Polycrates.
We have no further
work he rarely departs from the opinion of Cassius, accounts of his life, except the well-known story,
whom in two passages he cites by his praenomen about which even some doubt has been raised, of
Gaius alone. (Dig. 35. tit. 1. 6. 54, Dig. 46, tit. 3. the manner of his death. While travelling through
$ 78. ) 2. Epistolarum Libri XIV. , consisting of a desert place near Corinth, he was attacked by
opinions in answer to legal cases. 3. Ad Plautium, robbers and mortally wounded, but before he died
or Ex Plautio, commentaries on Plautine, a jurist he called upon a flock of cranes that happened to
who lived under Vespasian. 4. Libri ex Posteri- fly over him to avenge his death. Soon afterwards,
oribus, or Posteriorum Labeonis, Posteriorum Labe- when the people of Corinth were assembled in the
onis a Javoleno Epitomatorum Libri, or Posteriorum theatre, the cranes appeared, and as they hovered
Labeonis Epitome. It is not certain whether these over the heads of the spectators, one of the mur-
titles designate the same or different works. The derers, who happened to be present, cried out
Posteriora was a posthumous work of Labeo, and involuntarily, “ Behold the avengers of Ibycus :"
took its name from being published after the death and thus were the authors of the crime detected.
of its author. (Gell. xiii
. 10. ) It is probable that The phrase ai ’IBúxov yépavou passed into a pro-
Javolenus not only edited the Posteriora with a verb. (Suid. ; Antip. Sid. Epig. 78, ap. Brunck,
commentary, but published an abridgment. (Blume Anal. vol. ii. p. 27; Plut. de Garrul. p. 610, a. )
in Savigny's Zeitschrift
, vol. iv. pp. 318–324. ) The argument against this account of the poet's
Javolenus has been thought to be sometimes cap death, adduced by Schneidewin from another epigram
tious in his criticisms on Labeo, who was the in the Anthology (Brunck, Anal. vol. iii. p. 262),
founder of the opposite school. Gellius (xiii. 10) which seems to imply that Ihycus was buried at
mentions the 40th book of the Posteriora of Labeo; Rhegium, is answered by reference to the prevail-
the 37th is cited in Dig. 4. tit. -3. s. 9. $ 3, and the ing practice of erecting cenotaphs to the memory of
38th in Dig. 48. tit. 13. 8. 9. § 2 and 6; yet the great men, especially in their native place. The
Florentine Index, under the name Labeo, speaks story at all events proves one thing, namely, that
of ten books only, and under the name Javolenus Ibycus was loved as well as admired by his con-
makes no reference to the Posteriora. The com- temporaries, who therefore thought that he ought to
pilers of the Digest seem not to have been ac- be dear to the gods.
quainted with the Posteriora of Labeo in any other His poetry was chiefly erotic, and partook largely
form than the edition of Javolenus, and the Epi- of the impetuosity of his character. The charge of
tome, as well as the “ Javoleni Libri ex Posterioribus Taidepaotia is brought against him above all other
Labeonis ” (if they were distinct), consisted each of erotic poets. (Cic. Tusc. iv. 33. ) Others of his
ten books. The extract in Dig. 40. tit. 12. &. 42, poems were of a mythical and heroic character, but
though headed“ Labeo Libro quarto Posteriorum,” some of these also were partially erotic. In his
is undoubtedly taken from the edition of Javolenus, poems on heroic subjects he very much resembled
for at the end of the extract are these words: “Ja- Stesichorus, his immediate predecessor in the canon.
volenus : haec vera sunt. ” The 1st book, as may in his dialect, as well as in the character of his
be collected from the extracts in the Digest, treated poetry, there was a mixture of the Doric and
of testaments, the 2nd and 3rd of legacies, the 4th Aeolic. Suidas mentions seven books of his lyric
and 5th of contracts, the 6th of Dos and Nuptiae. poems, of which only a few fragments now remain.
From the 7th there is no extract. The 8th treated The best edition of the fragments is that of
of tutela, the 9th of private delicta, the luth of Schneidewin. (Schneid. Ibyci Carm. Reliq. , with
procedure. (Regius in Otto. Thes. Juris, vol. ii. an introductory Epistle from K. O. Müller, Gotting.
p. 1473, seq. )
1835, 8vo. ; Schneid. Delect. Poes. Eleg. ; Müller,
(The modern biographers of Javolenus have been Dorier, vol. ii. p. 350 ; Bergk, Frag. Poet. Lyr.
very numerous. The best and ablest is Van Al- Graec. ; Welcker, Rhein. Mus. 1832, vol. iii. p.
phen, whose Spicilegia de Javoleno Prisco Icto et 401, Kleine Schriften, vol. i. p. 100 ; Bode, Ulrici,
specimen observationum ad quaedam ejus fragmenta Gesch. d. Hellen. Dichtkunst ; Müller, Bernhardy,
in Pandectis obvia, first published 4to, Ultraj. Gesch. d. Hell. Lit. )
[P. S. )
1768, was reprinted in the excellent collection of ICA'DIUS, a Cretan, and brother of lapys, who
.


## p. 558 (#574) ############################################

558
ICARIUS.
ICARIUS.
guided by a dolphin (Apollo), came to Mount Par Sparth, while Icarius remained in Acamania AC-
nisgus, and there gave Delphi and Crissa their cording to Apollodorus (iii. 10. § 5), however,
names. (Serv. ad Aen. iii. 332. ) (L. S. ] Icarius also returned. Another tradition relates
ICA'RIUS ('Ikápos), also called Icarus and that Icarius, who sided with Hippocoon, assisted
Icarion. I. An Athenian, who lived in the reign him in expelling Tyndareus from Sparta (Paus.
of Pandion, and hospitably received Dionysus on ii. 1. $ 4; Eustath. l. c. ; Schol. ad Eurip. Orest.
his arrival in Attica. The god showed him his 447. ) While in Acarnania, Icarius became the
gratitude by teaching him the cultivation of the father of Penelope, Alyzeus, and Leucadius, by Poly-
vine, and giving him bags filled with wine. Icarius caste, the daughter of Lygaeus: according to others
now rode about in a chariot, and distributed the he was married to Dorodoche, or Asterodein.
precious gifts of the god; but some shepherds whom (Strab. x. pp. 452, 461 ; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1417;
their friends intoxicated with wine, and who thought Schol. ad Hom. Od. xv. 16. ) Others again relate
that they were poisoned by Icarius, slew him, and that by the Naiad Periboea he became the father
threw his body into the well Anygrus, or buried it of Thoas, Damasippus, Imeusimus, Aletes (or
under a tree. His daughter Erigone (for he was Semus and Auletes), Perileus, and Penelope.
married to Phanothea, the inventor of the hexameter, (Apollod. iï. 10. 8 6' ; Paus. viii. 31. & 2; Tzetz.
Clem. Alex. Strom. i. p. 366), or as some call her ad Lycoph. 511; Schol. ad Hom. Od. xv. 16 ;
Aletis, after a long scarch, found his grave, to which Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1773. ) In the Odyssey (ir.
she was conducted by his faithful dog Maera. From | 797, i. 329) Iphthime also is mentioned as one of
grief she hung herself on the tree under which he his daughters. When his daughter Penelope had
was buried. Zeus or Dionysus placed her, together grown up, he promised her hand to the victor in a
with Icarius and his cup, among the stars, making foot-race, in which he desired the suitors to con-
Erigone the Virgin, Icarius Bootes or Arcturus, and tend, and Odysseus won the prize (Paus. iii. 12.
Maera the dog-star.