Before him lie all ripe fruits that the tall trees'
branches
bear;
and the delicate gardens, arrayed in baskets of silver, and the
golden vessels, are full of incense of Syria.
and the delicate gardens, arrayed in baskets of silver, and the
golden vessels, are full of incense of Syria.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v25 - Tas to Tur
See also Rayet, Mémoire
sur l'Île de Cos, page 18, Paris, 1876. ]
T FELL upon a time when Eucritus and I were walking from
the city to the Hales water, and Amyntas was the third in
our company. The harvest feast of Deo was then being held
by Phrasidemus and Antigenes, two sons of Lycopeus (if aught
there be of noble and old descent), whose lineage dates from
Clytia, and Chalcon himself -Chalcon, beneath whose foot the
fountain sprang, the well of Buriné. He set his knee stoutly
against the rock, and straightway by the spring poplars and elm-
trees showed a shadowy glade; arched overhead they grew, and
pleached with leaves of green. We had not yet reached the mid-
point of the way, nor was the tomb of Brasilas yet risen upon
our sight, when-thanks be to the Muses-we met a certain
wayfarer, the best of men, a Cydonian. Lycidas was his name,
a goatherd was he, nor could any that saw him have taken him
for other than he was, for all about him bespoke the goatherd.
Stripped from the roughest of he-goats was the tawny skin he
wore on his shoulders, the smell of rennet clinging to it still;
and about his breast an old cloak was buckled with a plaited
belt, and in his right hand he carried a crooked staff of wild
olive and quietly he accosted me, with a smile, a twinkling eye,
and a laugh still on his lips:
"Simichidas, whither, pray, through the noon dost thou trail
thy feet, when even the very lizard on the rough stone wall is
sleeping, and the crested larks no longer fare afield? Art thou
hastening to a feast, a bidden guest, or art thou for treading a
## p. 14781 (#355) ##########################################
THEOCRITUS
14781
For such is thy speed that every stone
townsman's wine-press?
upon the way spins singing from thy boots! »
"Dear Lycidas," I answered him, "they all say that thou
among herdsmen
yea, and reapers-art far the chiefest flute-
player. In sooth this greatly rejoices our hearts; and yet, to my
conceit, meseems I can vie with thee. But as to this journey, we
are going to the harvest feast: for look you, some friends of ours
are paying a festival to fair-robed Demeter, out of the first-fruits
of their increase; for verily in rich measure has the goddess
filled their threshing-floor with barley grain. But come, for the
way and the day are thine alike and mine; come, let us vie in
pastoral song: perchance each will make the other delight. For
I too am a clear-voiced mouth of the Muses, and they all call
me the best of minstrels: but I am not so credulous; no, by
Earth! for to my mind I cannot as yet conquer in song that great
Sicelidas, the Samian-nay, nor yet Philetas.
nay, nor yet Philetas. 'Tis a match of
frog against cicala! "
So I spoke, to win my end; and the goatherd with his sweet
laugh said: "I give thee this staff, because thou art a sapling of
Zeus, and in thee is no guile. For as I hate your builders that
try to raise a house as high as the mountain summit of Oromedon,
so I hate all birds of the Muses that vainly toil with their cack-
ling notes against the Minstrel of Chios! But come, Simichidas,
without more ado let us begin the pastoral song. And I nay:
see, friend, if it please thee at all, this ditty that I lately fash-
ioned on the mountain-side! "
THE SONG OF LYCIDAS
FAIR Voyaging befall Ageanax to Mitylene, both when the
Kids are westering, and the south wind the wet waves chases,
and when Orion holds his feet above the Ocean! Fair voyaging
betide him, if he saves Lycidas from the fire of Aphrodite; for
hot is the love that consumes me.
The halcyons will lull the waves, and lull the deep, and the
south wind, and the east, that stirs the sea-weeds on the farthest
shores,—the halcyons that are dearest to the green-haired mer-
maids, of all the birds that take their prey from the salt sea.
Let all things smile on Ageanax to Mitylene sailing, and may
he come to a friendly haven. And I, on that day, will go
crowned with anise, or with a rosy wreath, or a garland of white
## p. 14782 (#356) ##########################################
14782
THEOCRITUS
violets; and the fine wine of Ptelea I will dip from the bowl
as I lie by the fire, while one shall roast beans for me in the
embers. And elbow-deep shall the flowery bed be thickly strown,
with fragrant leaves and with asphodel, and with curled parsley;
and softly will I drink, toasting Ageanax with lips clinging fast
to the cup, and draining it even to the lees.
Two shepherds shall be my flute-players, one from Achar-
næ, one from Lycope; and hard by, Tityrus shall sing how the
herdsman Daphnis once loved a strange maiden, and how on the
hill he wandered, and how the oak-trees sang his dirge,—the oakS
that grow by the banks of the river Himeras,-while he was
wasting like any snow under high Hæmus, or Athos, or Rhodope,
or Caucasus at the world's end.
-
And he shall sing how, once upon a time, the great chest
prisoned the living goatherd, by his lord's infatuate and evil
will; and how the blunt-faced bees, as they came up from the
meadow to the fragrant cedar chest, fed him with food of tender
flowers, because the Muse still dropped sweet nectar on his lips.
O blessed Comatas, surely these joyful things befell thee, and
thou wast inclosed within the chest, and feeding on the honey-
comb through the springtime didst thou serve out thy bondage.
Ah, would that in my days thou hadst been numbered with the
living! how gladly on the hills would I have herded thy pretty
she-goats, and listened to thy voice, whilst thou, under oaks or
pine-trees lying, didst sweetly sing, divine Comatas!
THE SONG OF SIMICHIDAS
FOR Simichidas the Loves have sneezed; for truly the wretch
loves Myrto as dearly as goats love the spring. But Aratus,
far the dearest of my friends, deep, deep in his heart he keeps
Desire, and Aratus's love is young! Aristis knows it, an hon-
orable man,-nay, of men the best, whom even Phoebus would
permit to stand and sing, lyre in hand, by his tripods. Aris-
tis knows how deeply love is burning Aratus to the bone. Ah,
Pan, thou lord of the beautiful plain of Homole,- bring, I pray
thee, the darling of Aratus unbidden to his arms, whosoe'er it
be that he loves. If this thou dost, dear Pan, then never may
the boys of Arcady flog thy sides and shoulders with stinging
herbs, when scanty meats are left them on thine altar. But if
## p. 14783 (#357) ##########################################
THEOCRITUS
14783
thou shouldst otherwise decree, then may all thy skin be frayed
and torn with thy nails,-yes, and in nettles mayst thou couch!
In the hills of the Edonians mayst thou dwell in midwinter-time,
by the river Hebrus, close neighbor to the Polar star! But in
summer mayst thou range with the uttermost Ethiopians be-
neath the rock of the Blemyes, whence Nile no more is seen.
And you, leave ye the sweet fountain of Hyetis and Byblis;
and ye that dwell in the steep home of golden Dione, ye Loves
as rosy as red apples, strike me with your arrows, the desired,
the beloved; strike, for that ill-starred one pities not my friend,
my host! And yet assuredly the pear is over-ripe, and the
maidens cry, "Alas, alas, thy fair bloom fades away! "
Come, no more let us mount guard by these gates, Aratus,
nor wear our feet away with knocking there. Nay, let the crow-
ing of the morning cock give others over to the bitter cold of
dawn. Let Molon alone, my friend, bear the torment at that
school of passion! For us, let us secure a quiet life, and some
old crone to spit on us for luck, and so keep all unlovely things
away.
Thus I sang, and sweetly smiling as before, he gave me the
staff, a pledge of brotherhood in the Muses. Then he bent his
way to the left, and took the road to Pyxa, while I and Eucri-
tus, with beautiful Amyntas, turned to the farm of Phrasidemus.
There we reclined on deep beds of fragrant lentisk, lowly strown,
and rejoicing we lay in new-stript leaves of the vine. And high
above our heads waved many a poplar, many an elm-tree, while
close at hand the sacred water from the nymphs' own cave welled
forth with murmurs musical. On shadowy boughs the burnt.
cicalas kept their chattering toil, far off the little owl cried in
the thick thorn brake, the larks and finches were singing, the
ringdove moaned, the yellow bees were flitting about the springs.
All breathed the scent of the opulent summer, of the season of
fruits; pears at our feet and apples by our sides were rolling
plentiful, the tender branches with wild plums laden were earth-
ward bowed, and the four-year-old pitch seal was loosened from
the mouth of the wine-jars.
Ye nymphs of Castaly that hold the steep of Parnassus,-
say, was it ever a bowl like this that old Chiron set before Hera-
cles in the rocky cave of Pholus? Was it nectar like this that
beguiled the shepherd to dance and foot it about his folds,— the
shepherd that dwelt by Anapus on a time, the strong Polyphemus
## p. 14784 (#358) ##########################################
14784
THEOCRITUS
who hurled at ships with mountains? Had these ever such a
draught as ye nymphs bade flow for us by the altar of Demeter
of the threshing-floor?
Ah, once again may I plant the
while she stands smiling by, with
hands.
THE FESTIVAL OF ADONIS
[This famous idyl should rather, perhaps, be called a mimus. It describes
the visit paid by two Syracusan women residing in Alexandria, to the festival
of the resurrection of Adonis. The festival is given by Arsinoë, wife and sis-
ter of Ptolemy Philadelphus; and the poem cannot have been written earlier
than his marriage, in 266 (? ) B. C. Nothing can be more gay and natural
than the chatter of the women, which has changed no more in two thousand
years than the song of birds. ]
G
great fan on her corn-heap,
sheaves and poppies in her
Translation of Andrew Lang.
ORGO Is Praxinoë at home?
Praxinoë- Dear Gorgo, how long is it since you have
been here? She is at home. The wonder is that you
have got here at last.
Eunoë, see that she has a chair. Throw
a cushion on it too.
Gorgo-It does most charmingly as it is.
Praxinoë- Do sit down.
Gorgo—Oh, what a thing spirit is! I have scarcely got to
you alive, Praxinoë! What a huge crowd, what hosts of four-in-
hands! Everywhere cavalry boots, everywhere men in uniform!
And the road is endless: yes, you really live too far away!
Praxinoë- It is all the fault of that madman of mine. Here
he came to the ends of the earth and took a hole, not a house,
and all that we might not be neighbors. The jealous wretch!
always the same, ever for spite!
Gorgo-Don't talk of your husband Dinon like that, my dear
girl, before the little boy: look how he is staring at you! Never
mind, Zopyrion, sweet child,- she is not speaking about papa.
Praxinoë- Our Lady! the child takes notice.
―
-
Gorgo-Nice papa!
Praxinoë- That papa of his the other day- we call every
day "the other day" went to get soap and rouge at the shop,
and back he came to me with salt- the great big endless fel-
low!
0
T
## p. 14785 (#359) ##########################################
THEOCRITUS
14785
Gorgo-Mine has the same trick too: a perfect spendthrift,
Diocleides! Yesterday he got what he meant for five fleeces,
and paid seven shillings apiece for what do you suppose?
dogskins, shreds of old leather wallets, mere trash-trouble on
trouble. But come, take your cloak and shawl. Let us be off to
the palace of rich Ptolemy the King, to see the Adonis: I hear
the Queen has provided something splendid!
Praxinoë-Fine folks do everything finely.
Gorgo-What a tale you will have to tell about the things
you have seen, to any one who has not seen them! It seems
nearly time to go.
Praxinoë- Idlers have always holiday. Eunoë, bring the
water and put it down in the middle of the room, lazy creature
that you are. Cats like always to sleep soft! Come, bustle, bring
the water; quicker. I want water first; give it me all the same;
don't pour out so much, you extravagant thing. Stupid girl!
why are you wetting my dress? There, stop, I have washed
my hands, as heaven would have it. Where is the key of the
big chest? Bring it here.
Gorgo-Praxinoë, that full body becomes you wonderfully.
Tell me, how much did the stuff cost you just off the loom?
Praxinoë- Don't speak of it, Gorgo! More than eight pounds
in good silver money,—and the work on it! I nearly slaved my
soul out over it!
Gorgo-Well, it is most successful; all you could wish.
Praxinoë- Thanks for the pretty speech! Bring my shawl,
and set my hat on my head the fashionable way. No, child, I
don't mean to take you. Boo! Bogies! There's a horse that
bites! Cry as much as you please, but I cannot have you lamed.
Let us be moving. Phrygia, take the child, and keep him
amused; call in the dog, and shut the street door.
[They go into the street. ]
Ye gods, what a crowd! How on earth are we ever to get
through this coil? They are like ants that no one can measure
or number. Many a good deed have you done, Ptolemy; since
your father joined the immortals, there's never a malefactor to
spoil the passer-by, creeping on him in Egyptian fashion - Oh!
the tricks those perfect rascals used to play. Birds of a feather,
ill jesters, scoundrels all! Dear Gorgo, what will become of us?
Here come the King's war-horses! My dear man, don't trample
XXV-925
## p. 14786 (#360) ##########################################
14786
THEOCRITUS
on me. Look, the bay's rearing; see, what temper! Eunoë, you
foolhardy girl, will you never keep out of the way? The beast
will kill the man that's leading him. What a good thing it is
for me that my brat stays safe at home!
Gorgo-Courage, Praxinoë. We are safe behind them now,
and they have gone to their station.
Praxinoë- There! I begin to be myself again. Ever since I
was a child I have feared nothing so much as horses and the
chilly snake. Come along the huge mob is overflowing us.
Gorgo [to an old woman]-Are you from the court, mother?
Old Woman-I am, my child.
Praxinoë-Is it easy to get there?
Old Woman - The Achæans got into Troy by trying, my
prettiest of ladies. Trying will do everything in the long run.
Gorgo-The old wife has spoken her oracles, and off she
goes.
Praxinoë-Women know everything, yes; and how Zeus mar-
ried Hera!
Gorgo-See, Praxinoë, what a crowd there is about the doors.
Praxinoë- Monstrous, Gorgo! Give me your hand: and you,
Eunoë, catch hold of Eutychis; never lose hold of her, for fear
lest you get lost. Let us all go in together; Eunoë, clutch tight
to me. Oh, how tiresome, Gorgo: my muslin veil is torn in two
already! For heaven's sake, sir, if you ever wish to be fortu-
nate, take care of my shawl!
Stranger I can hardly help myself, but for all that I will be
as careful as I can.
Praxinoë- How close-packed the mob is! they hustle like a
herd of swine.
Stranger-Courage, lady: all is well with us now.
Praxinoë- Both this year and for ever may all be well with
you, my dear sir, for your care of us. A good kind man! We're
letting Eunoë get squeezed: come, wretched girl, push your way
through. That is the way. We are all on the right side of the
door, quoth the bridegroom, when he had shut himself in with.
his bride.
―
Gorgo-Do come here, Praxinoë. Look first at these em-
broideries. How light and how lovely! You will call them the
garments of the gods.
Praxinoë- Lady Athene! what spinningwomen wrought them,
what painters designed these drawings, so true they are? How
## p. 14787 (#361) ##########################################
THEOCRITUS
14787
woven.
naturally they stand and move, like living creatures, not patterns
What a clever thing is man! Ah, and himself - Adonis
how beautiful to behold he lies on his silver couch, with the
first down on his cheeks, the thrice-beloved Adonis,- Adonis be-
loved even among the dead.
A Stranger-You weariful women, do cease your endless
cooing talk! -They bore one to death with their eternal broad
vowels!
-
Gorgo-Indeed!
And where may this person come from?
What is it to you if we are chatterboxes? Give orders to your
own servants, sir. Do you pretend to command ladies of Syra-
cuse? If you must know, we are Corinthians by descent, like
Bellerophon himself, and we speak Peloponnesian. Dorian women
may lawfully speak Doric, I presume?
Praxinoë- Lady Persephone! never may we have more than
one master. I am not afraid of your putting me on short com-
mons.
Gorgo-Hush, hush, Praxinoë: the Argive woman's daugh-
ter, the great singer, is beginning the 'Adonis'; she that won
the prize last year for dirge-singing. I am sure she will give us
something lovely; see, she is preluding with her airs and graces.
THE PSALM OF ADONIS
O QUEEN that lovest Golgi, and Idalium, and the steep of
Eryx! O Aphrodite that playest with gold! lo, from the stream
eternal of Acheron they have brought back to thee Adonis —
even in the twelfth month they have brought him, the dainty-
footed Hours. Tardiest of the Immortals are the beloved Hours;
but dear and desired they come, for always to all mortals they
bring some gift with them. O Cypris, daughter of Dione, from
mortal to immortal, so men tell, thou hast changed Berenice,
dropping softly in the woman's breast the stuff of immortality.
Therefore, for thy delight, O thou of many names and many
temples, doth the daughter of Berenice, even Arsinoë, lovely as
Helen, cherish Adonis with all things beautiful.
Before him lie all ripe fruits that the tall trees' branches bear;
and the delicate gardens, arrayed in baskets of silver, and the
golden vessels, are full of incense of Syria. And all the dainty
cakes that women fashion in the kneading-tray, mingling blos-
soms manifold with the white wheaten flour, all that is wrought
## p. 14788 (#362) ##########################################
14788
THEOCRITUS
of honey sweet, and in soft olive oil, all cakes fashioned in the
semblance of things that fly and of things that creep,-lo, here
they are set before him.
Here are built for him shadowy bowers of green, all laden
with tender anise; and children flit overhead - the little Loves-
as the young nightingales perched upon the trees fly forth and
try their wings from bough to bough.
Oh, the ebony; oh, the gold; oh, the twin eagles of white
ivory that carry to Zeus the son of Cronos his darling, his cup-
bearer! Oh, the purple coverlet strown above, more soft than
sleep! So Miletus will say, and whoso feeds sheep in Samos.
Another bed is strown for beautiful Adonis, one bed Cypris
keeps, and one the rosy-armed Adonis. A bridegroom of eighteen
or nineteen years is he; his kisses are not rough, the golden
down being yet upon his lips! And now, good-night to Cypris
in the arms of her lover! But lo, in the morning we will all of
us gather with the dew, and carry him forth among the waves
that break upon the beach; and with locks unloosed, and ungirt
raiment falling to the ankles, and bosoms bare, we will begin our
shrill sweet song.
Thou only, dear Adonis, so men tell,- thou only of the demi-
gods dost visit both this world and the stream of Acheron. For
Agamemnon had no such lot; nor Aias, that mighty lord of the
terrible anger; nor Hector, the eldest born of the twenty sons of
Hecabe; nor Patroclus; nor Pyrrhus, that returned out of Troy-
land; nor the heroes of yet more ancient days, the Lapithe
and Deucalion's sons; nor the sons of Pelops, and the chiefs of
Pelasgian Argos. Be gracious now, dear Adonis, and propitious
even in the coming year. Dear to us has thine advent been,
Adonis, and dear shall it be when thou comest again.
Gorgo-Praxinoë, the woman is cleverer than we fancied!
Happy woman to know so much; thrice happy to have so sweet
a voice. Well, all the same, it is time to be making for home.
Diocleides has not had his dinner, and the man is all vinegar,—
don't venture near him when he is kept waiting for dinner.
Farewell, beloved Adonis: may you find us glad at your next
coming!
Translation of Andrew Lang.
## p. 14789 (#363) ##########################################
14789
THEOGNIS
(SIXTH AND FIFTH (? ) CENTURIES B. C. )
UR ignorance as to the life of this favorite didactic poet
is almost ludicrously complete. So early and competent a
literary critic as Plato quotes from "Theognis, a citizen
of Megara in Sicily. " Yet the poet himself declares he was but a
visitor in Sicily, and a native of the parent-city Megara in Hellas
proper, the jealous neighbor of Athens. Again, the lexicographers
assign him to the 58th Olympiad (about the middle of the sixth cen-
tury); but he himself thanks Apollo for averting from his native land
"the insolent host of the Medes," so he must at least have outlived
the first Persian invasion, by Mardonius, in 492 B. C.
There is, however, another possibility. In this corpus of six
hundred and ninety-four elegiac couplets are found frequently verses
elsewhere accredited to Solon, to Mimnermus, to Tyrtæus, etc. There
is also a deal of repetition, with little or no change of words. So it
appears that the very popularity of the work has drawn into it much
alien or unclaimed material. It is perhaps a general collection of
ethical maxims, representing the morality of an epoch, of a race. In
that case, all attempt at chronology becomes desperate.
The chief trace of unity in the volume is to be sought in the
name of the beautiful boy Kyrnos; who is often addressed by name,
and for whose education and worldly success these warnings and
suggestions are gathered up. Some expressions of warm affection
and admiration may remind us that it was almost solely masculine
youth and loveliness that aroused in the Hellenic mind the sentiment
which the Italian poet devotes to a real or ideal Laura, Beatrice, or
Corinna.
-
Much of this volume is as prosaic as Solon's political harangues:
and we could easily accept Athenæus's assertion that Theognis did
not set his poems to music. But as usual, Theognis himself refutes
our later informant; especially in the passage wherein he claims to
have immortalized his boyish friend by his songs.
If we may judge from the prevailing tone of the poem, Theognis
had little of Solon's gentle and conciliatory nature. In the civic strife
that long distracted Megara, he is a fierce partisan of the oligarchs;
sharing their exile and poverty, their restoration amid threats of sav-
age vengeance, their utter contempt for the base-born.
## p. 14790 (#364) ##########################################
14790
THEOGNIS
The general ethical tone of the verse is not high. Loyalty to
friendship is the chord most enthusiastically struck. There is a
frequent pessimistic tone about human life. The very gods are
reproached for grievous injustice. Poverty is so bitter that suicide is
a justifiable means of escape. Temperance - in the Greek sense — — is
praised; yet even here there are exceptions:-
--
"Shameful it is for a man to be drunk among those who are sober:
Shameful as well to remain sober when others are drunk! »
Altogether, the book is not a remarkably edifying one; and the
attempt to disentangle the various poems, authors, and times repre-
sented in it is a task "for a laborious man, and a patient,—and not
very happy at that! " as Plato says of those who would expound the
meaning of the myths.
Perhaps Theognis appears at his best-and he certainly appears
with great frequency-as he is cited in quotation, by Plato and
nearly every later author who discourses on social and ethical themes.
His great fame in antiquity demanded some attempt at analysis here.
The verses of Theognis are accessible as printed in any text of
the Greek lyric poetry; and some portions of his work are usually
included in the annotated anthologies. Any one who wishes to make
a thorough study of him either in Greek or English will find abund-
ant aid in the volume of the Bohn Library which is chiefly devoted
to Hesiod. This contains a literal prose translation of Theognis,
with copious references to parallel literature. Furthermore, the most
gifted of translators, John Hookham Frere, undertook to reconstruct
both the outer and inner biography of our poet from hints afforded
in his verse. The attempt itself could hardly be successful if our
account of the materials given above has any elements of truth.
Incidentally, however, Frere provided us also with a happy translation
of nearly or quite the entire body of verse, rearranged freely for his
special purposes. This essay of Frere is also included in the vol-
ume before mentioned, and from it we draw all the citations given
below.
## p. 14791 (#365) ##########################################
THEOGNIS
14791
THE BELOVED YOUTH GAINS FAME FROM THE POET'S SONGS
you soar aloft, and over land and wave
You
Are borne triumphant on the wings I gave
(The swift and mighty wings, Music and Verse).
Your name in easy numbers smooth and terse
Is wafted o'er the world; and heard among
The banquetings and feasts, chanted and sung,
Heard and admired; the modulated air
Of flutes, and voices of the young and fair,
Recite it, and to future times shall tell,
When, closed within the dark sepulchral cell,
Your form shall molder, and your empty ghost
Wander along the dreary Stygian coast.
Yet shall your memory flourish fresh and young,
Recorded and revived on every tongue,
In continents and islands, every place
That owns the language of the Grecian race.
No purchased prowess of a racing steed,
But the triumphant Muse, with airy speed,
Shall bear it wide and far, o'er land and main,
A glorious and unperishable strain;
A mighty prize, gratuitously won,
Fixed as the earth, immortal as the sun.
But for all this no kindness in return!
No token of attention or concern!
Baffled and scorned, you treat me like a child,
From day to day, with empty words beguiled.
Remember! common justice, common-sense,
Are the best blessings which the gods dispense:
And each man has his object; all aspire
To something which they covet and desire.
Like a fair courser, conqueror in the race,
Bound to a charioteer sordid and base,
I feel it with disdain; and many a day
Have longed to break the curb and burst away.
## p. 14792 (#366) ##########################################
14792
THEOGNIS
WORLDLY WISDOM
Jon
OIN with the world; adopt with every man
His party views, his temper, and his plan;
Strive to avoid offense, study to please,-
Like the sagacious inmate of the seas,
That an accommodating color brings,
Conforming to the rock to which he clings;
With every change of place changing his hue:
The model for a statesman such as you.
Learn, Kurnus, learn to bear an easy mind;
Accommodate your humor to mankind
And human nature; - take it as you find!
A mixture of ingredients, good or bad, -
Such are we all, the best that can be had:
The best are found defective; and the rest,
For common use, are equal to the best.
Suppose it had been otherwise decreed-
How could the business of the world proceed?
―
Fairly examined, truly understood,
No man is wholly bad nor wholly good,
Nor uniformly wise. In every case,
Habit and accident, and time and place,
Affect us. 'Tis the nature of the race.
Entire and perfect happiness is never
Vouchsafed to man; but nobler minds endeavor
To keep their inward sorrows unrevealed.
With meaner spirits nothing is concealed:
Weak, and unable to conform to fortune,
With rude rejoicing or complaint importune,
They vent their exultation or distress.
Whate'er betides us, grief or happiness,
The brave and wise will bear with steady mind,
Th' allotment unforeseen and undefined
Of good or evil, which the gods bestow,
Promiscuously dealt to man below.
Learn patience, O my soul! though racked and torn
With deep distress - bear it! - it must be borne!
Your unavailing hopes and vain regret,
Forget them, or endeavor to forget:
Those womanish repinings, unrepressed
(Which gratify your foes), serve to molest
Your sympathizing friends- learn to endure!
And bear calamities you cannot cure!
## p. 14793 (#367) ##########################################
THEOGNIS
14793
"DESERT A BEGGAR BORN»
B
LESSED, almighty Jove! with deep amaze
I view the world, and marvel at thy ways!
All our devices, every subtle plan,
Each secret act, and all the thoughts of man,
Your boundless intellect can comprehend!
On your award our destinies depend.
How can you reconcile it to your sense
Of right and wrong, thus loosely to dispense
Your bounties on the wicked and the good?
How can your laws be known or understood,
When we behold a man faithful and just,
Humbly devout, true to his word and trust,
Dejected and oppressed; whilst the profane
And wicked and unjust, in glory reign,
Proudly triumphant, flushed with power and gain?
What inference can human reason draw?
How can we guess the secret of thy law,
Or choose the path approved by power divine?
We take, alas! perforce, the crooked line,
And act unwillingly the baser part,
Though loving truth and justice at our heart;
For very need, reluctantly compelled
To falsify the principles we held;
With party factions basely to comply;
To flatter, and dissemble, and to lie!
---
Yet he the truly brave tried by the test
Of sharp misfortune, is approved the best;
While the soul-searching power of indigence
Confounds the weak, and banishes pretense.
Fixt in an honorable purpose still,
The brave preserve the same unconquered will;
Indifferent to fortune, good or ill.
-
A SAVAGE PRAYER
M
AY Jove assist me to discharge the debt
Of kindness to my friends, and grant me yet
A further boon-revenge upon my foes!
With these accomplished, I could gladly close
My term of life—a fair requital made;
My friends rewarded, and my wrongs repaid:
## p. 14794 (#368) ##########################################
14794
THEOGNIS
Revenge and gratitude, before I die,
Might make me deemed almost a deity!
Yet hear, O mighty Jove, and grant my prayer,
Relieve me from affliction and despair!
Oh, take my life, or grant me some redress,
Some foretaste of returning happiness!
Such is my state: I cannot yet descry
A chance of vengeance on mine enemy,
The rude despoilers of my property;
Whilst I like to a scared and hunted hound
That scarce escaping, trembling and half drowned,
Crosses a gully, swelled with wintry rain
Have crept ashore, in feebleness and pain.
Yet my full wish,- to drink their very blood,—
Some power divine, that watches for my good,
May yet accomplish. Soon may he fulfill
My righteous hope, my just and hearty will.
-
## p. 14795 (#369) ##########################################
14795
ANDRÉ THEURIET
(1833-)
N 1857 a poem by a new hand appeared in the Revue des
Deux Mondes. 'In Memoriam' was a romance in verse,
and it showed the qualities which distinguish all its author's
prose and poetry.
André Theuriet was born at Marly-le-Roi in 1833, and passed his
school days at Bar-le-Duc. Later he studied law in Paris, and then
accepted a position in the Treasury Department.
Theuriet began his literary career with poems; but he has also
been popular as a writer of stories, and has
been a well-known contributor of both to
many Paris journals; among them L'Illus-
tration, Le Moniteur, Le Figaro, Le Gau-
lois, and the Revue des Deux Mondes.
His poems were first collected in 1867,
when he published them in a volume enti-
tled 'Chemin du Bois,' which had the honor
of being crowned by the French Academy.
He has since then published several new
volumes of poems. Both in verse and
prose Theuriet excels in delicate depiction
of country life and of nature, and in his
sympathetic analysis of beauty.
ANDRE THEURIET
Theuriet has also attempted drama; and
in 1871 his 'Jean Marie,' a one-act play, was given with success at
the Odéon.
He has written a large number of novels and short stories, and
many of these have been translated into English. Among the best
known are 'The Maugars,' 'Angela's Fortune,' 'The House of the
Two Barbels,' 'Madame Heurteloup,' and 'Stories of Every-day Life. '
Perhaps their greatest charm is the quiet simplicity with which the
characters are drawn and the plot developed. "Theuriet is cer-
tainly," said Jules Lemaître, "the best, most cordial, and most accu-
rate painter of our little French bourgeoisie, half peasant in nature
and half townsfolk. "
He has a gentleness of spirit which makes him more alive to the
pathetic than to the tragic. He is more tender than strong. So both
## p. 14796 (#370) ##########################################
14796
ANDRÉ THEURIET
in his dainty and musical poems, and his graceful prose, he pleases
by his calm and discriminating exposition of the life he studies rather
than by emotional force.
THE BRETONNE
From Stories of Every-day Life
Ο
NE November night, the eve of St. Catherine, the iron grating,
of the Auberive Central Prison turned on its hinges to
release a woman about thirty years old. She was dressed
in a faded woolen gown, and wore a white cap which made an
odd frame for a face puffed and bleached by the prison régime.
She was a prisoner whose sentence had just expired. Her fellow
convicts called her "The Bretonne. " Just six years before, the
prison wagon had brought her there condemned for infanticide.
After having dressed herself again in her own clothes, and being
paid her small savings at the office, she was once more free,
with a passport marked for Langres.
The mail had already started; so, frightened and awkward,
she went stumblingly to the chief inn of the place, and in a hesi-
tating voice requested a night's lodging. The inn was full; and
the landlady, who was not at all anxious to harbor a bird of this
feather, advised her to try the little public-house at the other
end of the village.
The Bretonne, more and more dazed and awkward, went on
her way, and knocked at the door of this inn, which was in truth
hardly more than a tavern for laborers. This landlady too glanced
her over distrustfully; and then, doubtless divining an ex-convict,
sent her away on the pretext that she did not keep people over
night. The Bretonne dared not insist, but went meekly with
drooping head; while a sullen hate rose in her heart against the
world which thus repulsed her. There was nothing to do but
walk on to Langres. By the end of November, night falls early;
and as she followed the gray road stretching between two rows
of trees, with a rude north wind whistling in the branches, and
scattering the dead leaves, she was soon enveloped in darkness.
After six years of a confined and sedentary life she had almost
forgotten how to walk. Her knee-joints felt as though they
were bound; her feet, used to sabots, were uncomfortable in her
new shoes.
Before she had walked a league they were weary
I
## p. 14797 (#371) ##########################################
ANDRÉ THEURIET
14797
and blistered. She sat down on a stone and shivered, wonder-
ing if she must die of cold and hunger in the black night under
the chilling wind. Suddenly along the quiet road, through the
gusts of wind, she thought she heard the lingering sound of a
voice singing. As she listened, she distinguished the cadences of
one of the monotonous caressing little songs with which mothers
rock their children. Rising, she walked in the direction from
which it came; and reaching the turn of a cross-road, saw a light
glowing through the branches.
Five minutes later she reached a clay hut, with a roof covered
with clods of earth, and with a single window from which beamed
luminous rays. With a beating heart she made up her mind to
knock. The song stopped at once, and a peasant woman came
to the door. She was about the same age as the Bretonne, but
worn and faded with hard work. Her torn jacket showed some-
thing of her rough tanned skin; her red hair escaped in disorder
from her cloth cap. Her gray eyes gazed in surprise at this
rather odd-looking stranger.
"Well, good evening," she said, holding up her lamp.
is it? "
"I can go no farther," murmured the Bretonne with a stifled
sob. "The town is so far away; and if you will only take me
in for the night, I shall be very grateful. I shall be glad to pay
for your trouble. "
"Come in! " answered the other after a moment's hesitation.
Then she went on, in a voice that sounded inquisitive rather than
suspicious, "Why didn't you stay at Auberive ? »
"They wouldn't keep me;" and drooping her blue eyes, the
Bretonne, seized with a scruple, added: "You see I am just out
of prison, and people are afraid. "
"Ah! Come in just the same. I'm not at all afraid, as
I've never had anything but my poverty. It would be a sin to
shut the door on any Christian such a cold night. I'll get some
heather for your bed. "
She brought some armfuls of heather from a shed, and spread
them in a corner near the fire.
"What
"Do you live here all alone? " asked the Bretonne timidly.
"Yes, with my youngster who is nearly seven. I get our liv
ing by working in the wood,»
"So your husband is dead ? »
"I never had one," said the woman brusquely. "My poor
baby has no father. Never mind. Every one has his own
## p. 14798 (#372) ##########################################
14798
ANDRÉ THEURIET
troubles. Now there is your bed all ready for you, and here are
two or three potatoes left from our supper. It's all I can offer
you. "
She was interrupted by a childish voice from a dark little
hole separated from the main room by a wooden partition.
"Good-night," she added. "I hope you'll sleep well. I must
go to my baby: she's scared. "
She took the lamp and went into the next room, leaving her
guest in darkness. The Bretonne stretched herself out on the
heather. She ate her potatoes and then tried to close her
eyes, but sleep would not come to her. Through the thin parti-
tion she could hear the mother talking softly to the child, who
had been waked by the stranger's arrival and would not go to
sleep again. The mother petted and kissed her, with simple caress-
ing words which touched the Bretonne's heart.
This outbreak of tenderness stirred a confused maternal in-
stinct in the heart of the girl, who had been sentenced for stifling
her new-born baby. She remembered that her own child might
have been just the age of this little girl. This thought, and
the sound of the childish voice, made her shudder profoundly. A
gentle sentiment melted her bitter heart, and she felt moved to
weep.
"Come, my pet," said the mother. "If you are good, I will
take you to the fair of St. Catherine to-morrow. "
"St. Catherine is the little girls' saint, isn't she, mamma? "
"Yes, little one. "
"Does St. Catherine really bring playthings to children?
sur l'Île de Cos, page 18, Paris, 1876. ]
T FELL upon a time when Eucritus and I were walking from
the city to the Hales water, and Amyntas was the third in
our company. The harvest feast of Deo was then being held
by Phrasidemus and Antigenes, two sons of Lycopeus (if aught
there be of noble and old descent), whose lineage dates from
Clytia, and Chalcon himself -Chalcon, beneath whose foot the
fountain sprang, the well of Buriné. He set his knee stoutly
against the rock, and straightway by the spring poplars and elm-
trees showed a shadowy glade; arched overhead they grew, and
pleached with leaves of green. We had not yet reached the mid-
point of the way, nor was the tomb of Brasilas yet risen upon
our sight, when-thanks be to the Muses-we met a certain
wayfarer, the best of men, a Cydonian. Lycidas was his name,
a goatherd was he, nor could any that saw him have taken him
for other than he was, for all about him bespoke the goatherd.
Stripped from the roughest of he-goats was the tawny skin he
wore on his shoulders, the smell of rennet clinging to it still;
and about his breast an old cloak was buckled with a plaited
belt, and in his right hand he carried a crooked staff of wild
olive and quietly he accosted me, with a smile, a twinkling eye,
and a laugh still on his lips:
"Simichidas, whither, pray, through the noon dost thou trail
thy feet, when even the very lizard on the rough stone wall is
sleeping, and the crested larks no longer fare afield? Art thou
hastening to a feast, a bidden guest, or art thou for treading a
## p. 14781 (#355) ##########################################
THEOCRITUS
14781
For such is thy speed that every stone
townsman's wine-press?
upon the way spins singing from thy boots! »
"Dear Lycidas," I answered him, "they all say that thou
among herdsmen
yea, and reapers-art far the chiefest flute-
player. In sooth this greatly rejoices our hearts; and yet, to my
conceit, meseems I can vie with thee. But as to this journey, we
are going to the harvest feast: for look you, some friends of ours
are paying a festival to fair-robed Demeter, out of the first-fruits
of their increase; for verily in rich measure has the goddess
filled their threshing-floor with barley grain. But come, for the
way and the day are thine alike and mine; come, let us vie in
pastoral song: perchance each will make the other delight. For
I too am a clear-voiced mouth of the Muses, and they all call
me the best of minstrels: but I am not so credulous; no, by
Earth! for to my mind I cannot as yet conquer in song that great
Sicelidas, the Samian-nay, nor yet Philetas.
nay, nor yet Philetas. 'Tis a match of
frog against cicala! "
So I spoke, to win my end; and the goatherd with his sweet
laugh said: "I give thee this staff, because thou art a sapling of
Zeus, and in thee is no guile. For as I hate your builders that
try to raise a house as high as the mountain summit of Oromedon,
so I hate all birds of the Muses that vainly toil with their cack-
ling notes against the Minstrel of Chios! But come, Simichidas,
without more ado let us begin the pastoral song. And I nay:
see, friend, if it please thee at all, this ditty that I lately fash-
ioned on the mountain-side! "
THE SONG OF LYCIDAS
FAIR Voyaging befall Ageanax to Mitylene, both when the
Kids are westering, and the south wind the wet waves chases,
and when Orion holds his feet above the Ocean! Fair voyaging
betide him, if he saves Lycidas from the fire of Aphrodite; for
hot is the love that consumes me.
The halcyons will lull the waves, and lull the deep, and the
south wind, and the east, that stirs the sea-weeds on the farthest
shores,—the halcyons that are dearest to the green-haired mer-
maids, of all the birds that take their prey from the salt sea.
Let all things smile on Ageanax to Mitylene sailing, and may
he come to a friendly haven. And I, on that day, will go
crowned with anise, or with a rosy wreath, or a garland of white
## p. 14782 (#356) ##########################################
14782
THEOCRITUS
violets; and the fine wine of Ptelea I will dip from the bowl
as I lie by the fire, while one shall roast beans for me in the
embers. And elbow-deep shall the flowery bed be thickly strown,
with fragrant leaves and with asphodel, and with curled parsley;
and softly will I drink, toasting Ageanax with lips clinging fast
to the cup, and draining it even to the lees.
Two shepherds shall be my flute-players, one from Achar-
næ, one from Lycope; and hard by, Tityrus shall sing how the
herdsman Daphnis once loved a strange maiden, and how on the
hill he wandered, and how the oak-trees sang his dirge,—the oakS
that grow by the banks of the river Himeras,-while he was
wasting like any snow under high Hæmus, or Athos, or Rhodope,
or Caucasus at the world's end.
-
And he shall sing how, once upon a time, the great chest
prisoned the living goatherd, by his lord's infatuate and evil
will; and how the blunt-faced bees, as they came up from the
meadow to the fragrant cedar chest, fed him with food of tender
flowers, because the Muse still dropped sweet nectar on his lips.
O blessed Comatas, surely these joyful things befell thee, and
thou wast inclosed within the chest, and feeding on the honey-
comb through the springtime didst thou serve out thy bondage.
Ah, would that in my days thou hadst been numbered with the
living! how gladly on the hills would I have herded thy pretty
she-goats, and listened to thy voice, whilst thou, under oaks or
pine-trees lying, didst sweetly sing, divine Comatas!
THE SONG OF SIMICHIDAS
FOR Simichidas the Loves have sneezed; for truly the wretch
loves Myrto as dearly as goats love the spring. But Aratus,
far the dearest of my friends, deep, deep in his heart he keeps
Desire, and Aratus's love is young! Aristis knows it, an hon-
orable man,-nay, of men the best, whom even Phoebus would
permit to stand and sing, lyre in hand, by his tripods. Aris-
tis knows how deeply love is burning Aratus to the bone. Ah,
Pan, thou lord of the beautiful plain of Homole,- bring, I pray
thee, the darling of Aratus unbidden to his arms, whosoe'er it
be that he loves. If this thou dost, dear Pan, then never may
the boys of Arcady flog thy sides and shoulders with stinging
herbs, when scanty meats are left them on thine altar. But if
## p. 14783 (#357) ##########################################
THEOCRITUS
14783
thou shouldst otherwise decree, then may all thy skin be frayed
and torn with thy nails,-yes, and in nettles mayst thou couch!
In the hills of the Edonians mayst thou dwell in midwinter-time,
by the river Hebrus, close neighbor to the Polar star! But in
summer mayst thou range with the uttermost Ethiopians be-
neath the rock of the Blemyes, whence Nile no more is seen.
And you, leave ye the sweet fountain of Hyetis and Byblis;
and ye that dwell in the steep home of golden Dione, ye Loves
as rosy as red apples, strike me with your arrows, the desired,
the beloved; strike, for that ill-starred one pities not my friend,
my host! And yet assuredly the pear is over-ripe, and the
maidens cry, "Alas, alas, thy fair bloom fades away! "
Come, no more let us mount guard by these gates, Aratus,
nor wear our feet away with knocking there. Nay, let the crow-
ing of the morning cock give others over to the bitter cold of
dawn. Let Molon alone, my friend, bear the torment at that
school of passion! For us, let us secure a quiet life, and some
old crone to spit on us for luck, and so keep all unlovely things
away.
Thus I sang, and sweetly smiling as before, he gave me the
staff, a pledge of brotherhood in the Muses. Then he bent his
way to the left, and took the road to Pyxa, while I and Eucri-
tus, with beautiful Amyntas, turned to the farm of Phrasidemus.
There we reclined on deep beds of fragrant lentisk, lowly strown,
and rejoicing we lay in new-stript leaves of the vine. And high
above our heads waved many a poplar, many an elm-tree, while
close at hand the sacred water from the nymphs' own cave welled
forth with murmurs musical. On shadowy boughs the burnt.
cicalas kept their chattering toil, far off the little owl cried in
the thick thorn brake, the larks and finches were singing, the
ringdove moaned, the yellow bees were flitting about the springs.
All breathed the scent of the opulent summer, of the season of
fruits; pears at our feet and apples by our sides were rolling
plentiful, the tender branches with wild plums laden were earth-
ward bowed, and the four-year-old pitch seal was loosened from
the mouth of the wine-jars.
Ye nymphs of Castaly that hold the steep of Parnassus,-
say, was it ever a bowl like this that old Chiron set before Hera-
cles in the rocky cave of Pholus? Was it nectar like this that
beguiled the shepherd to dance and foot it about his folds,— the
shepherd that dwelt by Anapus on a time, the strong Polyphemus
## p. 14784 (#358) ##########################################
14784
THEOCRITUS
who hurled at ships with mountains? Had these ever such a
draught as ye nymphs bade flow for us by the altar of Demeter
of the threshing-floor?
Ah, once again may I plant the
while she stands smiling by, with
hands.
THE FESTIVAL OF ADONIS
[This famous idyl should rather, perhaps, be called a mimus. It describes
the visit paid by two Syracusan women residing in Alexandria, to the festival
of the resurrection of Adonis. The festival is given by Arsinoë, wife and sis-
ter of Ptolemy Philadelphus; and the poem cannot have been written earlier
than his marriage, in 266 (? ) B. C. Nothing can be more gay and natural
than the chatter of the women, which has changed no more in two thousand
years than the song of birds. ]
G
great fan on her corn-heap,
sheaves and poppies in her
Translation of Andrew Lang.
ORGO Is Praxinoë at home?
Praxinoë- Dear Gorgo, how long is it since you have
been here? She is at home. The wonder is that you
have got here at last.
Eunoë, see that she has a chair. Throw
a cushion on it too.
Gorgo-It does most charmingly as it is.
Praxinoë- Do sit down.
Gorgo—Oh, what a thing spirit is! I have scarcely got to
you alive, Praxinoë! What a huge crowd, what hosts of four-in-
hands! Everywhere cavalry boots, everywhere men in uniform!
And the road is endless: yes, you really live too far away!
Praxinoë- It is all the fault of that madman of mine. Here
he came to the ends of the earth and took a hole, not a house,
and all that we might not be neighbors. The jealous wretch!
always the same, ever for spite!
Gorgo-Don't talk of your husband Dinon like that, my dear
girl, before the little boy: look how he is staring at you! Never
mind, Zopyrion, sweet child,- she is not speaking about papa.
Praxinoë- Our Lady! the child takes notice.
―
-
Gorgo-Nice papa!
Praxinoë- That papa of his the other day- we call every
day "the other day" went to get soap and rouge at the shop,
and back he came to me with salt- the great big endless fel-
low!
0
T
## p. 14785 (#359) ##########################################
THEOCRITUS
14785
Gorgo-Mine has the same trick too: a perfect spendthrift,
Diocleides! Yesterday he got what he meant for five fleeces,
and paid seven shillings apiece for what do you suppose?
dogskins, shreds of old leather wallets, mere trash-trouble on
trouble. But come, take your cloak and shawl. Let us be off to
the palace of rich Ptolemy the King, to see the Adonis: I hear
the Queen has provided something splendid!
Praxinoë-Fine folks do everything finely.
Gorgo-What a tale you will have to tell about the things
you have seen, to any one who has not seen them! It seems
nearly time to go.
Praxinoë- Idlers have always holiday. Eunoë, bring the
water and put it down in the middle of the room, lazy creature
that you are. Cats like always to sleep soft! Come, bustle, bring
the water; quicker. I want water first; give it me all the same;
don't pour out so much, you extravagant thing. Stupid girl!
why are you wetting my dress? There, stop, I have washed
my hands, as heaven would have it. Where is the key of the
big chest? Bring it here.
Gorgo-Praxinoë, that full body becomes you wonderfully.
Tell me, how much did the stuff cost you just off the loom?
Praxinoë- Don't speak of it, Gorgo! More than eight pounds
in good silver money,—and the work on it! I nearly slaved my
soul out over it!
Gorgo-Well, it is most successful; all you could wish.
Praxinoë- Thanks for the pretty speech! Bring my shawl,
and set my hat on my head the fashionable way. No, child, I
don't mean to take you. Boo! Bogies! There's a horse that
bites! Cry as much as you please, but I cannot have you lamed.
Let us be moving. Phrygia, take the child, and keep him
amused; call in the dog, and shut the street door.
[They go into the street. ]
Ye gods, what a crowd! How on earth are we ever to get
through this coil? They are like ants that no one can measure
or number. Many a good deed have you done, Ptolemy; since
your father joined the immortals, there's never a malefactor to
spoil the passer-by, creeping on him in Egyptian fashion - Oh!
the tricks those perfect rascals used to play. Birds of a feather,
ill jesters, scoundrels all! Dear Gorgo, what will become of us?
Here come the King's war-horses! My dear man, don't trample
XXV-925
## p. 14786 (#360) ##########################################
14786
THEOCRITUS
on me. Look, the bay's rearing; see, what temper! Eunoë, you
foolhardy girl, will you never keep out of the way? The beast
will kill the man that's leading him. What a good thing it is
for me that my brat stays safe at home!
Gorgo-Courage, Praxinoë. We are safe behind them now,
and they have gone to their station.
Praxinoë- There! I begin to be myself again. Ever since I
was a child I have feared nothing so much as horses and the
chilly snake. Come along the huge mob is overflowing us.
Gorgo [to an old woman]-Are you from the court, mother?
Old Woman-I am, my child.
Praxinoë-Is it easy to get there?
Old Woman - The Achæans got into Troy by trying, my
prettiest of ladies. Trying will do everything in the long run.
Gorgo-The old wife has spoken her oracles, and off she
goes.
Praxinoë-Women know everything, yes; and how Zeus mar-
ried Hera!
Gorgo-See, Praxinoë, what a crowd there is about the doors.
Praxinoë- Monstrous, Gorgo! Give me your hand: and you,
Eunoë, catch hold of Eutychis; never lose hold of her, for fear
lest you get lost. Let us all go in together; Eunoë, clutch tight
to me. Oh, how tiresome, Gorgo: my muslin veil is torn in two
already! For heaven's sake, sir, if you ever wish to be fortu-
nate, take care of my shawl!
Stranger I can hardly help myself, but for all that I will be
as careful as I can.
Praxinoë- How close-packed the mob is! they hustle like a
herd of swine.
Stranger-Courage, lady: all is well with us now.
Praxinoë- Both this year and for ever may all be well with
you, my dear sir, for your care of us. A good kind man! We're
letting Eunoë get squeezed: come, wretched girl, push your way
through. That is the way. We are all on the right side of the
door, quoth the bridegroom, when he had shut himself in with.
his bride.
―
Gorgo-Do come here, Praxinoë. Look first at these em-
broideries. How light and how lovely! You will call them the
garments of the gods.
Praxinoë- Lady Athene! what spinningwomen wrought them,
what painters designed these drawings, so true they are? How
## p. 14787 (#361) ##########################################
THEOCRITUS
14787
woven.
naturally they stand and move, like living creatures, not patterns
What a clever thing is man! Ah, and himself - Adonis
how beautiful to behold he lies on his silver couch, with the
first down on his cheeks, the thrice-beloved Adonis,- Adonis be-
loved even among the dead.
A Stranger-You weariful women, do cease your endless
cooing talk! -They bore one to death with their eternal broad
vowels!
-
Gorgo-Indeed!
And where may this person come from?
What is it to you if we are chatterboxes? Give orders to your
own servants, sir. Do you pretend to command ladies of Syra-
cuse? If you must know, we are Corinthians by descent, like
Bellerophon himself, and we speak Peloponnesian. Dorian women
may lawfully speak Doric, I presume?
Praxinoë- Lady Persephone! never may we have more than
one master. I am not afraid of your putting me on short com-
mons.
Gorgo-Hush, hush, Praxinoë: the Argive woman's daugh-
ter, the great singer, is beginning the 'Adonis'; she that won
the prize last year for dirge-singing. I am sure she will give us
something lovely; see, she is preluding with her airs and graces.
THE PSALM OF ADONIS
O QUEEN that lovest Golgi, and Idalium, and the steep of
Eryx! O Aphrodite that playest with gold! lo, from the stream
eternal of Acheron they have brought back to thee Adonis —
even in the twelfth month they have brought him, the dainty-
footed Hours. Tardiest of the Immortals are the beloved Hours;
but dear and desired they come, for always to all mortals they
bring some gift with them. O Cypris, daughter of Dione, from
mortal to immortal, so men tell, thou hast changed Berenice,
dropping softly in the woman's breast the stuff of immortality.
Therefore, for thy delight, O thou of many names and many
temples, doth the daughter of Berenice, even Arsinoë, lovely as
Helen, cherish Adonis with all things beautiful.
Before him lie all ripe fruits that the tall trees' branches bear;
and the delicate gardens, arrayed in baskets of silver, and the
golden vessels, are full of incense of Syria. And all the dainty
cakes that women fashion in the kneading-tray, mingling blos-
soms manifold with the white wheaten flour, all that is wrought
## p. 14788 (#362) ##########################################
14788
THEOCRITUS
of honey sweet, and in soft olive oil, all cakes fashioned in the
semblance of things that fly and of things that creep,-lo, here
they are set before him.
Here are built for him shadowy bowers of green, all laden
with tender anise; and children flit overhead - the little Loves-
as the young nightingales perched upon the trees fly forth and
try their wings from bough to bough.
Oh, the ebony; oh, the gold; oh, the twin eagles of white
ivory that carry to Zeus the son of Cronos his darling, his cup-
bearer! Oh, the purple coverlet strown above, more soft than
sleep! So Miletus will say, and whoso feeds sheep in Samos.
Another bed is strown for beautiful Adonis, one bed Cypris
keeps, and one the rosy-armed Adonis. A bridegroom of eighteen
or nineteen years is he; his kisses are not rough, the golden
down being yet upon his lips! And now, good-night to Cypris
in the arms of her lover! But lo, in the morning we will all of
us gather with the dew, and carry him forth among the waves
that break upon the beach; and with locks unloosed, and ungirt
raiment falling to the ankles, and bosoms bare, we will begin our
shrill sweet song.
Thou only, dear Adonis, so men tell,- thou only of the demi-
gods dost visit both this world and the stream of Acheron. For
Agamemnon had no such lot; nor Aias, that mighty lord of the
terrible anger; nor Hector, the eldest born of the twenty sons of
Hecabe; nor Patroclus; nor Pyrrhus, that returned out of Troy-
land; nor the heroes of yet more ancient days, the Lapithe
and Deucalion's sons; nor the sons of Pelops, and the chiefs of
Pelasgian Argos. Be gracious now, dear Adonis, and propitious
even in the coming year. Dear to us has thine advent been,
Adonis, and dear shall it be when thou comest again.
Gorgo-Praxinoë, the woman is cleverer than we fancied!
Happy woman to know so much; thrice happy to have so sweet
a voice. Well, all the same, it is time to be making for home.
Diocleides has not had his dinner, and the man is all vinegar,—
don't venture near him when he is kept waiting for dinner.
Farewell, beloved Adonis: may you find us glad at your next
coming!
Translation of Andrew Lang.
## p. 14789 (#363) ##########################################
14789
THEOGNIS
(SIXTH AND FIFTH (? ) CENTURIES B. C. )
UR ignorance as to the life of this favorite didactic poet
is almost ludicrously complete. So early and competent a
literary critic as Plato quotes from "Theognis, a citizen
of Megara in Sicily. " Yet the poet himself declares he was but a
visitor in Sicily, and a native of the parent-city Megara in Hellas
proper, the jealous neighbor of Athens. Again, the lexicographers
assign him to the 58th Olympiad (about the middle of the sixth cen-
tury); but he himself thanks Apollo for averting from his native land
"the insolent host of the Medes," so he must at least have outlived
the first Persian invasion, by Mardonius, in 492 B. C.
There is, however, another possibility. In this corpus of six
hundred and ninety-four elegiac couplets are found frequently verses
elsewhere accredited to Solon, to Mimnermus, to Tyrtæus, etc. There
is also a deal of repetition, with little or no change of words. So it
appears that the very popularity of the work has drawn into it much
alien or unclaimed material. It is perhaps a general collection of
ethical maxims, representing the morality of an epoch, of a race. In
that case, all attempt at chronology becomes desperate.
The chief trace of unity in the volume is to be sought in the
name of the beautiful boy Kyrnos; who is often addressed by name,
and for whose education and worldly success these warnings and
suggestions are gathered up. Some expressions of warm affection
and admiration may remind us that it was almost solely masculine
youth and loveliness that aroused in the Hellenic mind the sentiment
which the Italian poet devotes to a real or ideal Laura, Beatrice, or
Corinna.
-
Much of this volume is as prosaic as Solon's political harangues:
and we could easily accept Athenæus's assertion that Theognis did
not set his poems to music. But as usual, Theognis himself refutes
our later informant; especially in the passage wherein he claims to
have immortalized his boyish friend by his songs.
If we may judge from the prevailing tone of the poem, Theognis
had little of Solon's gentle and conciliatory nature. In the civic strife
that long distracted Megara, he is a fierce partisan of the oligarchs;
sharing their exile and poverty, their restoration amid threats of sav-
age vengeance, their utter contempt for the base-born.
## p. 14790 (#364) ##########################################
14790
THEOGNIS
The general ethical tone of the verse is not high. Loyalty to
friendship is the chord most enthusiastically struck. There is a
frequent pessimistic tone about human life. The very gods are
reproached for grievous injustice. Poverty is so bitter that suicide is
a justifiable means of escape. Temperance - in the Greek sense — — is
praised; yet even here there are exceptions:-
--
"Shameful it is for a man to be drunk among those who are sober:
Shameful as well to remain sober when others are drunk! »
Altogether, the book is not a remarkably edifying one; and the
attempt to disentangle the various poems, authors, and times repre-
sented in it is a task "for a laborious man, and a patient,—and not
very happy at that! " as Plato says of those who would expound the
meaning of the myths.
Perhaps Theognis appears at his best-and he certainly appears
with great frequency-as he is cited in quotation, by Plato and
nearly every later author who discourses on social and ethical themes.
His great fame in antiquity demanded some attempt at analysis here.
The verses of Theognis are accessible as printed in any text of
the Greek lyric poetry; and some portions of his work are usually
included in the annotated anthologies. Any one who wishes to make
a thorough study of him either in Greek or English will find abund-
ant aid in the volume of the Bohn Library which is chiefly devoted
to Hesiod. This contains a literal prose translation of Theognis,
with copious references to parallel literature. Furthermore, the most
gifted of translators, John Hookham Frere, undertook to reconstruct
both the outer and inner biography of our poet from hints afforded
in his verse. The attempt itself could hardly be successful if our
account of the materials given above has any elements of truth.
Incidentally, however, Frere provided us also with a happy translation
of nearly or quite the entire body of verse, rearranged freely for his
special purposes. This essay of Frere is also included in the vol-
ume before mentioned, and from it we draw all the citations given
below.
## p. 14791 (#365) ##########################################
THEOGNIS
14791
THE BELOVED YOUTH GAINS FAME FROM THE POET'S SONGS
you soar aloft, and over land and wave
You
Are borne triumphant on the wings I gave
(The swift and mighty wings, Music and Verse).
Your name in easy numbers smooth and terse
Is wafted o'er the world; and heard among
The banquetings and feasts, chanted and sung,
Heard and admired; the modulated air
Of flutes, and voices of the young and fair,
Recite it, and to future times shall tell,
When, closed within the dark sepulchral cell,
Your form shall molder, and your empty ghost
Wander along the dreary Stygian coast.
Yet shall your memory flourish fresh and young,
Recorded and revived on every tongue,
In continents and islands, every place
That owns the language of the Grecian race.
No purchased prowess of a racing steed,
But the triumphant Muse, with airy speed,
Shall bear it wide and far, o'er land and main,
A glorious and unperishable strain;
A mighty prize, gratuitously won,
Fixed as the earth, immortal as the sun.
But for all this no kindness in return!
No token of attention or concern!
Baffled and scorned, you treat me like a child,
From day to day, with empty words beguiled.
Remember! common justice, common-sense,
Are the best blessings which the gods dispense:
And each man has his object; all aspire
To something which they covet and desire.
Like a fair courser, conqueror in the race,
Bound to a charioteer sordid and base,
I feel it with disdain; and many a day
Have longed to break the curb and burst away.
## p. 14792 (#366) ##########################################
14792
THEOGNIS
WORLDLY WISDOM
Jon
OIN with the world; adopt with every man
His party views, his temper, and his plan;
Strive to avoid offense, study to please,-
Like the sagacious inmate of the seas,
That an accommodating color brings,
Conforming to the rock to which he clings;
With every change of place changing his hue:
The model for a statesman such as you.
Learn, Kurnus, learn to bear an easy mind;
Accommodate your humor to mankind
And human nature; - take it as you find!
A mixture of ingredients, good or bad, -
Such are we all, the best that can be had:
The best are found defective; and the rest,
For common use, are equal to the best.
Suppose it had been otherwise decreed-
How could the business of the world proceed?
―
Fairly examined, truly understood,
No man is wholly bad nor wholly good,
Nor uniformly wise. In every case,
Habit and accident, and time and place,
Affect us. 'Tis the nature of the race.
Entire and perfect happiness is never
Vouchsafed to man; but nobler minds endeavor
To keep their inward sorrows unrevealed.
With meaner spirits nothing is concealed:
Weak, and unable to conform to fortune,
With rude rejoicing or complaint importune,
They vent their exultation or distress.
Whate'er betides us, grief or happiness,
The brave and wise will bear with steady mind,
Th' allotment unforeseen and undefined
Of good or evil, which the gods bestow,
Promiscuously dealt to man below.
Learn patience, O my soul! though racked and torn
With deep distress - bear it! - it must be borne!
Your unavailing hopes and vain regret,
Forget them, or endeavor to forget:
Those womanish repinings, unrepressed
(Which gratify your foes), serve to molest
Your sympathizing friends- learn to endure!
And bear calamities you cannot cure!
## p. 14793 (#367) ##########################################
THEOGNIS
14793
"DESERT A BEGGAR BORN»
B
LESSED, almighty Jove! with deep amaze
I view the world, and marvel at thy ways!
All our devices, every subtle plan,
Each secret act, and all the thoughts of man,
Your boundless intellect can comprehend!
On your award our destinies depend.
How can you reconcile it to your sense
Of right and wrong, thus loosely to dispense
Your bounties on the wicked and the good?
How can your laws be known or understood,
When we behold a man faithful and just,
Humbly devout, true to his word and trust,
Dejected and oppressed; whilst the profane
And wicked and unjust, in glory reign,
Proudly triumphant, flushed with power and gain?
What inference can human reason draw?
How can we guess the secret of thy law,
Or choose the path approved by power divine?
We take, alas! perforce, the crooked line,
And act unwillingly the baser part,
Though loving truth and justice at our heart;
For very need, reluctantly compelled
To falsify the principles we held;
With party factions basely to comply;
To flatter, and dissemble, and to lie!
---
Yet he the truly brave tried by the test
Of sharp misfortune, is approved the best;
While the soul-searching power of indigence
Confounds the weak, and banishes pretense.
Fixt in an honorable purpose still,
The brave preserve the same unconquered will;
Indifferent to fortune, good or ill.
-
A SAVAGE PRAYER
M
AY Jove assist me to discharge the debt
Of kindness to my friends, and grant me yet
A further boon-revenge upon my foes!
With these accomplished, I could gladly close
My term of life—a fair requital made;
My friends rewarded, and my wrongs repaid:
## p. 14794 (#368) ##########################################
14794
THEOGNIS
Revenge and gratitude, before I die,
Might make me deemed almost a deity!
Yet hear, O mighty Jove, and grant my prayer,
Relieve me from affliction and despair!
Oh, take my life, or grant me some redress,
Some foretaste of returning happiness!
Such is my state: I cannot yet descry
A chance of vengeance on mine enemy,
The rude despoilers of my property;
Whilst I like to a scared and hunted hound
That scarce escaping, trembling and half drowned,
Crosses a gully, swelled with wintry rain
Have crept ashore, in feebleness and pain.
Yet my full wish,- to drink their very blood,—
Some power divine, that watches for my good,
May yet accomplish. Soon may he fulfill
My righteous hope, my just and hearty will.
-
## p. 14795 (#369) ##########################################
14795
ANDRÉ THEURIET
(1833-)
N 1857 a poem by a new hand appeared in the Revue des
Deux Mondes. 'In Memoriam' was a romance in verse,
and it showed the qualities which distinguish all its author's
prose and poetry.
André Theuriet was born at Marly-le-Roi in 1833, and passed his
school days at Bar-le-Duc. Later he studied law in Paris, and then
accepted a position in the Treasury Department.
Theuriet began his literary career with poems; but he has also
been popular as a writer of stories, and has
been a well-known contributor of both to
many Paris journals; among them L'Illus-
tration, Le Moniteur, Le Figaro, Le Gau-
lois, and the Revue des Deux Mondes.
His poems were first collected in 1867,
when he published them in a volume enti-
tled 'Chemin du Bois,' which had the honor
of being crowned by the French Academy.
He has since then published several new
volumes of poems. Both in verse and
prose Theuriet excels in delicate depiction
of country life and of nature, and in his
sympathetic analysis of beauty.
ANDRE THEURIET
Theuriet has also attempted drama; and
in 1871 his 'Jean Marie,' a one-act play, was given with success at
the Odéon.
He has written a large number of novels and short stories, and
many of these have been translated into English. Among the best
known are 'The Maugars,' 'Angela's Fortune,' 'The House of the
Two Barbels,' 'Madame Heurteloup,' and 'Stories of Every-day Life. '
Perhaps their greatest charm is the quiet simplicity with which the
characters are drawn and the plot developed. "Theuriet is cer-
tainly," said Jules Lemaître, "the best, most cordial, and most accu-
rate painter of our little French bourgeoisie, half peasant in nature
and half townsfolk. "
He has a gentleness of spirit which makes him more alive to the
pathetic than to the tragic. He is more tender than strong. So both
## p. 14796 (#370) ##########################################
14796
ANDRÉ THEURIET
in his dainty and musical poems, and his graceful prose, he pleases
by his calm and discriminating exposition of the life he studies rather
than by emotional force.
THE BRETONNE
From Stories of Every-day Life
Ο
NE November night, the eve of St. Catherine, the iron grating,
of the Auberive Central Prison turned on its hinges to
release a woman about thirty years old. She was dressed
in a faded woolen gown, and wore a white cap which made an
odd frame for a face puffed and bleached by the prison régime.
She was a prisoner whose sentence had just expired. Her fellow
convicts called her "The Bretonne. " Just six years before, the
prison wagon had brought her there condemned for infanticide.
After having dressed herself again in her own clothes, and being
paid her small savings at the office, she was once more free,
with a passport marked for Langres.
The mail had already started; so, frightened and awkward,
she went stumblingly to the chief inn of the place, and in a hesi-
tating voice requested a night's lodging. The inn was full; and
the landlady, who was not at all anxious to harbor a bird of this
feather, advised her to try the little public-house at the other
end of the village.
The Bretonne, more and more dazed and awkward, went on
her way, and knocked at the door of this inn, which was in truth
hardly more than a tavern for laborers. This landlady too glanced
her over distrustfully; and then, doubtless divining an ex-convict,
sent her away on the pretext that she did not keep people over
night. The Bretonne dared not insist, but went meekly with
drooping head; while a sullen hate rose in her heart against the
world which thus repulsed her. There was nothing to do but
walk on to Langres. By the end of November, night falls early;
and as she followed the gray road stretching between two rows
of trees, with a rude north wind whistling in the branches, and
scattering the dead leaves, she was soon enveloped in darkness.
After six years of a confined and sedentary life she had almost
forgotten how to walk. Her knee-joints felt as though they
were bound; her feet, used to sabots, were uncomfortable in her
new shoes.
Before she had walked a league they were weary
I
## p. 14797 (#371) ##########################################
ANDRÉ THEURIET
14797
and blistered. She sat down on a stone and shivered, wonder-
ing if she must die of cold and hunger in the black night under
the chilling wind. Suddenly along the quiet road, through the
gusts of wind, she thought she heard the lingering sound of a
voice singing. As she listened, she distinguished the cadences of
one of the monotonous caressing little songs with which mothers
rock their children. Rising, she walked in the direction from
which it came; and reaching the turn of a cross-road, saw a light
glowing through the branches.
Five minutes later she reached a clay hut, with a roof covered
with clods of earth, and with a single window from which beamed
luminous rays. With a beating heart she made up her mind to
knock. The song stopped at once, and a peasant woman came
to the door. She was about the same age as the Bretonne, but
worn and faded with hard work. Her torn jacket showed some-
thing of her rough tanned skin; her red hair escaped in disorder
from her cloth cap. Her gray eyes gazed in surprise at this
rather odd-looking stranger.
"Well, good evening," she said, holding up her lamp.
is it? "
"I can go no farther," murmured the Bretonne with a stifled
sob. "The town is so far away; and if you will only take me
in for the night, I shall be very grateful. I shall be glad to pay
for your trouble. "
"Come in! " answered the other after a moment's hesitation.
Then she went on, in a voice that sounded inquisitive rather than
suspicious, "Why didn't you stay at Auberive ? »
"They wouldn't keep me;" and drooping her blue eyes, the
Bretonne, seized with a scruple, added: "You see I am just out
of prison, and people are afraid. "
"Ah! Come in just the same. I'm not at all afraid, as
I've never had anything but my poverty. It would be a sin to
shut the door on any Christian such a cold night. I'll get some
heather for your bed. "
She brought some armfuls of heather from a shed, and spread
them in a corner near the fire.
"What
"Do you live here all alone? " asked the Bretonne timidly.
"Yes, with my youngster who is nearly seven. I get our liv
ing by working in the wood,»
"So your husband is dead ? »
"I never had one," said the woman brusquely. "My poor
baby has no father. Never mind. Every one has his own
## p. 14798 (#372) ##########################################
14798
ANDRÉ THEURIET
troubles. Now there is your bed all ready for you, and here are
two or three potatoes left from our supper. It's all I can offer
you. "
She was interrupted by a childish voice from a dark little
hole separated from the main room by a wooden partition.
"Good-night," she added. "I hope you'll sleep well. I must
go to my baby: she's scared. "
She took the lamp and went into the next room, leaving her
guest in darkness. The Bretonne stretched herself out on the
heather. She ate her potatoes and then tried to close her
eyes, but sleep would not come to her. Through the thin parti-
tion she could hear the mother talking softly to the child, who
had been waked by the stranger's arrival and would not go to
sleep again. The mother petted and kissed her, with simple caress-
ing words which touched the Bretonne's heart.
This outbreak of tenderness stirred a confused maternal in-
stinct in the heart of the girl, who had been sentenced for stifling
her new-born baby. She remembered that her own child might
have been just the age of this little girl. This thought, and
the sound of the childish voice, made her shudder profoundly. A
gentle sentiment melted her bitter heart, and she felt moved to
weep.
"Come, my pet," said the mother. "If you are good, I will
take you to the fair of St. Catherine to-morrow. "
"St. Catherine is the little girls' saint, isn't she, mamma? "
"Yes, little one. "
"Does St. Catherine really bring playthings to children?
