), who, however, merely collected and
the chief pontiff, taking precedence of the metropo arranged the contributions of preceding scholars;
litans of Milan and Embrun, we may conclude but all editions must give way to that of Brunus
that he was the oldest prelate present.
the chief pontiff, taking precedence of the metropo arranged the contributions of preceding scholars;
litans of Milan and Embrun, we may conclude but all editions must give way to that of Brunus
that he was the oldest prelate present.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
Get.
2 ; Lamprid.
Alex.
Sev.
5, 65, Elagab.
which ended in the murder of that great man in
11. )
454 ; but he was now to experience that while it
No distinct idea can be formed of the arrange- is only dangerous to be disliked by men like Va-
ment of the work from the manner in which it is lentinian, it is at once dangerous and disgraceful
quoted by Spartianus (Get. 2), “ de cujus vita et to be liked by them, because their attachment is
moribus in vita Severi Marius Maximus priino neither guided by principles nor ennobled by es-
scptenario satis copiose retulit. "
(W. R. ]
tecm. Maximus had a beautiful and virtuous wife
MA’XIMUS, MEÄSSIUS, one of the most in- of whom Valentinian was enamoured. One day,
timate friends of the younger Pliny, seems to have having lost a great deal of money to the emperor,
been a native of Verona, and certainly possessed while playing with him, he gave him his seal
considerable influence in the neighbourhood of that ring as a pledge for the debt. Valentinian sent
town, to which his wife belonged. (Plin. Ep. ii. this ring to the wife of Maximus in the name
14. ) Hence Pliny recommends to him Arrianus, of the empress Eudoxia, with a request to joiu her
of Altinum, a town near Venice (iii. 2). Maximus and her husband at the palace. The unsuspicious
was subsequently sent into Achaia to arrange the lady proceeded thither forth with, and was ushered
affairs of the free towns in the province, on which into a solitary room where, instead of her husband
occasion Pliny addressed him a letter, in imitation and the empress, she found the emperor, who began
of Cicero's celebrated epistle to his brother Quintus, by a declaration of love. Meeting with an indig-
to teach him how he ought to discharge the duties nant repulse he forced her person. The disgraced
of his new appointment (viii. 24). Maximus was woman returned to her mansion, almost dying with
an author, and one of his works is praised by Pliny shame, and accused Maximus of having bad a hand
in the most extravagant terms (iv. 20). Pliny in this infamous transaction. The feelings of her
appears to have frequently consulted him respect- husband need no description. His wife died soon
ing his own literary compositions. The following afterwards. He brooded revenge, and the numerous
letters of Pliny are addressed to Maximus : ii. 14, friends of the murdered Aëtius being animated by
iii. 2, 20, iv. 20, 25, v. 5, vi. 11, 34, vii. 26, viii. the same feelings, he joined them joyfully. On the
19, 24, ix. 1, 23.
16th of March 455, Valentinian was amusing him-
MAXIMUS, PETRO'NIUS (ANI'CIUS? ), self in the Campus Martius ; suddenly a band of
Roman emperor, A. D. 455. His long and meritorious armed men rushed upon him, and the emperor was
life as an officer of state forms a striking contrast with murdered.
his short and unfortunate reign. He belonged to the Maximus was now proclaimed emperor, and he
high nobility of Rome, and was a descendant, or accepted the crown, but never enjoyed it. On the
at any rate a kinsman, of Petronius Probus, who very day of his accession he was a prey to grief
gained so much power in Rome towards the end and remorse, and, fully aware of the danger that
of the fourth century of our era ; it is doubtful surrounded the master of Rome, he compared his
whether he was the son of a daughter of the em- fate with that of Damocles. Anxious to secure
peror Maximus Magnus ; nor is his title to the himself on his bloody throne he appointed his friend
Anician name sufficiently established, although Avitus commander-in-chief, and he contrived a
Tillemont says that there are two inscriptions on marriage between his son Palladius and Eudoxia,
which he is called Anicius. Maximus Petronius the daughter of the late Valentinian. He then
was born about A. D. 388, or perhaps as late as forced Eudoxia, the widow of Valentinian, to marry
395. At the youthful age of 19 he was admitted him. This proved his ruin. Eudoxia, twice em-
to the council of the emperor Honorius in his press, yet disdained her condition, and full of
double quality of tribune and notary (407 or 414). hatred against Maximus, entered into intrigues
In 415 he was comes largitionum, and in 420 he with Genseric, the king of the Vandals, at Car-
filled the important office of praefectus Romae, thage, the result of which was that the barbarian
discharging his duty with such general satisfaction equipped a fleet for the conquest of Rome. Maxi-
that, in 421, on the solicitation of the senate and mus was apprised of the fact, but did nothing to
people of Rome, the emperors Honorius and Arca- prevent the approaching storm : he was incompe-
dius caused a statue to be erected to him on the tent as an emperor. Suddenly news came that the
Campus Trajani. In 433 he was second consul, Vandals were disembarking at the mouth of the
the emperor Theodosius II. being the first. During | Tiber. Rome was in commotion and fear, and the
the years 439 till 44), and afterwards in 445, he trembling people looked up to Maximus for relief.
was praefectus Italiae. In 443 he was again chosen He advised flight to those who could fly, resigna-
consul, being the first: his colleague was Paterius. tion to those who could not, and then set out to
Valentinian III. held him in such esteem that he abandon his capital and his people. But he had
ordered a medal to be struck in honour of him, not yet left Rome when he was overtaken by a
which represented on the obverse the head and name band of Burgundian mercenaries, commanded by
of the emperor, and on the reverse the name and some old officers of Valentinian; they fell upon
image of Maximus dressed in the consular garb. him, and he expired under their daggers. His
Maximus was in every respect what we now un- body was dragged through the streets of Rome,
derstand under the French term, "grand seig- mutilated, and then thrown into the Tiber. Three
he was of noble birth, rich, generous, well days afterwards Genseric made his entry into
educated, with a strong turn for literature, fine arts, Rome and sacked the city. The reign of Maximus
and science, full of dignity yet affable and conde- lasted between two and three months, but there
scending, a professed lover and practiser of virtue, are great discrepancies regarding the exact number
yet with a sufficient smack of fashionable follies of days. The reader will receive ample information
and amiable vices to secure him an honourable rank on this point from not. xii. to page 628 of the 6th
[. 1 . No ܕܬܬ
MAXIM
anse be 133
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## p. 999 (#1015) ###########################################
S.
999
MAXIMUS.
MAXIMUS.
of the corrupt l'alestin
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2, with a request to jez be
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forth with, and was shed
there, instead of her husband
found the emperor, who lesa
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her mansion, almost dring
Maximus of having had bent
saction. The feedings of the
escription. His wife died out
noded revenge, and the names
dered Actius being an mated
he joined them jorters. (la
5, Valentinian was aceste
zus Martius ; suddenly a baad d
d upon him, and the empera
?
dow proclaimed empent, and is
wn, but nerer enjoyed it (six
accession he was a pres to put
vol. of Tillemont, Hist. des Empercurs. (Procop. | siderable insight into the ecclesiastical ceremonies
Bell. Vand. i 4, 5; Sidon. Apollin. Ep. i. 9, and usages of the period to which they belong, and
ii
. 13; Panegyr. Aviti, v. 359, &c. , 442, &c. ; containing many curious indications of the state of
Prosper, Victor, Idatius, Marcellinus, Chronica ; manners.
Evagr. ii. 7 ; Jornand. De Reb. Goth. p. 127, ed. In the complete and sumptuous edition'superin-
Lindenbrog. )
(W. P. ] tended by Bruno Brunus, published by the Propa-
MAXIMUS PLANU'DES. [PLANUDES. ] ganda at Rome (fol. 1784), under the especial
MAXIMUS, QUINTI'LIUS, the brother of patronage of Pope Pius the Sixth, and enriched
Quintilius Condianus, of whom an account given with annotations by Victor Amadeus, king of Sar.
under CONDIANUS.
dinia, the various pieces are ranked under three
MAXIMUS, RUTI'LIUS, a Roman jurist of heads.
uncertain age. He is only known from the Flo I. Homiliae. II. Sermones. III. Tractatus.
rentine Index and a single excerpt in the Digest The Homiliae and the Sermones, the distinction
(30. s. 125), as the author of a treatise in a single between which is in the present case by no means
book, ad Legem Falcidiam, which was enacted obvious or even intelligible, amounting in all to
B. C. 40.
[G. L. ) 233, are divided each into three classes, De Tem-
MA'XIMUS, SANQUI'NIUS, is first men- pore, De Sanctis, De Diversis ; the discourses De
tioned towards the latter end of the reign of Tibe- Tempore relating to the moveable feasts, those De
rius, A. D. 32, when he is spoken of as a person of Sanctis to the lives, works, and miracles of saints,
consular rank. (Tac. Ann. vi. 4. ) We learn from confessors, and martyrs ; those De Diversis to mis-
Dion Cassius (lix. 13) and the Fasti that he was cellaneous topics.
consul A. D. 39, in the reign of Caligula, but from The Tractatus, in No. 6, are I. II. III. De
the passage of Tacitus quoted above, he must have Baptismo. IV. Contra Paganos. V. Contra Ju-
been consul previously, though his first consulship daeos. VI. Expositiones de Capitulis Evangeliorum.
does not occur in the Fasti. He also held the Besides the above, we find in an appendix thirty-
office of praefectus urbi in the reign of Caligula. one Sermones, three Homiliae, and two Epistolae,
(Dion Cass. l. c. ) In the reign of Claudius he had all of doubtful authenticity; and it is, moreover,
the command in Lower Germany, and died in the proved that a vast number of sermons and homilies
province, A. D. 47. (Tac. Ann. xi. 18. ) He seems bave been lost.
to have been a different person from Sanquinius, Sermons by Maximus were first printed at
the accuser of Arruntius. (Tac. Ann. vi. 7. ) Spires, by Peter Drach, fol. 1482, in the Ilomilu-
MAXIMUS SCAURUS. [SCAURUS. ] rium Doctorum, originally compiled, it is said, by
MA'XIMUS, SULPICIUS GALBA. [GAL- Paulus Diaconus, at the command of Charlemagne.
BA, No. 1. ]
Seventy-four of his homilies were published in a
MA'XIMUS TAURINENSIS, so called be- separate form by Joannes Gymnicus at Cologne,
cause he was bishop of Turin, flourished about the 8vo. 1535. The number was gradually increased
middle of the fifth century. He subscribed in by the Benedictines in their editions of Augustin
A. D. 451 the synodic epistle of Eusebius, bishop and Ambrose, by Mabillon (Museum Italicum,
of Milan, to Leo the Great ; and from the circum- 1687), by Muratori (Anecdot. vol. iv. 1713), by
stance that in the acts of the council of Rome, held Martene and Dorand (Collectio amplissima, &c. ,
in A. D. 465, by Hilarius, the successor of Leo, the 1733—1741), and by Galland (Biblioth. Patrum,
signature of Maximus immediately follows that of vol. ix. &c.
), who, however, merely collected and
the chief pontiff, taking precedence of the metropo arranged the contributions of preceding scholars;
litans of Milan and Embrun, we may conclude but all editions must give way to that of Brunus
that he was the oldest prelate present. It has been mentioned above. (Schönemann, Biblioth. Patrum
inferred from different passages in his works that Lat. vol. i. § 25 ; Galland, Bibl. Patr. Proleg. ad
he was born about the close of the fourth century, vol. ix. c. ix. ; and Brunus, in the life of Maximus,
at Vercelli, that he was educated in that city, that prefixed to his edition. )
[W. R. )
he there discharged the first duties of the sacred MAXIMUS TYRANNUS, Roman emperor,
office, and that he lived to a great age ; but it is was raised to the supreme power, in A. D. 408, by
impossible to speak with certainty upon these Gerontius when this general rebelled in Spain
points.
against Constantine. Olympiodorus says that
Gennadius, who is followed by Trithemius, states Maximus was the son of Gerontius, but it seems
that Maximus composed a great number of tracts more probable that he was only an officer in the
and homilies upon various subjects, several of army and his tool, and in the latter quality he be-
which he specifies. Many of these have been pre haved during the short time he bore the imperial
served in independent MSS. , while the Lectionaria title. When immediately after his revolt Geron-
of the principal monasteries and cathedrals in Eu- tius marched into Gaul, Maximus remained at
rope, investigated with assiduity from the days of Tarragona, but could not prevent the Alans, Sue-
Charlemagne down to our own times, have yielded vians, Vandals, and other barbarians from invading
80 many more which may with confidence be Spain in 409. After the defeat of Gerontius at
ascribed to this bishop of Turin, that he must be Arles, and his death, in 411, Maximus was com-
regarded as the most voluminous compiler of dis- pelled to yield to the victorious Constantine, who
courses in the Latin church. Little can be said in forced him to renounce the imperial title, but
praise of the quality of these productions, most of granted him life and liberty on account of his in-
which were probably delivered extemporaneously. capacity for important affairs. Maximus retired
They are so weak and so destitute of grace, elo among the barbarians and lived an obscure life in
quence, and learning, that we wonder that they a corner of Spain. As Orosius speaks of him as a
should ever have been thought worthy of preserva- living person, he was consequently alive in 417,
tion at all. The only merit they possess is purely the year in which that writer composed his work.
antiquarian, affording as they do incidentally con- | Prosper states that in 419 (413? ) he rebelled and
d, fully a ware of the desembre
master of Rome, he comparadas
of Damocles, Anricas do
loody throne he appointed his liment
nder-in-chief
, and he cantored a
een his son Palladius and Estimate
of the late Valentinian. He ze
in the widow of l'alentiniar, to ?
oved his ruiz Endori, tice $
şdained her condition, and HD
Marimus, entered into the
the king of the Vanda's et les
ilt of which was that the baciata
et for the conquest of Rose. Visa
ised of the face, but did suho
approaching storm : be was intrip
peror. Suddenly Dews case
disembarking at the menti di
e was in commotion and fear
, and the
ple looked up to Varnus for sale
ght to those who could dr,
who could not, and then ett
capital and his people. Bar zebra
Rome when be was overtaker ut i
Tundian mercenaries, cumsan
icers of Valentinian ; they fel att
expired under their doen by
migged through tbe strees of la
nd then thrown into the Tibet. Ils
rands Genserie made his eget 3
Acked the citr. The reiga of Wasse
screpancies regarding the essere and
le reader will receive ample intime
it from not. xil to page 0. 3 arter
e
& s4
een two and three months out to
## p. 1000 (#1016) ##########################################
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made himself master of the Roman portion of The title of his only extant work is variously
Spain ; but this rebellion was a trifling affair, and given as Acadéters, Disserlationes, or abyou, Sern
he perhaps only got possession of some small dis- mones. It consists of forty-one dissertations on
trict. Failing in his enterprise he was seized, theological, ethical, and other philosophical sub-
carried to Italy, and, in 422, put to death atjects. Heinsius thinks that the author arranged
Ravenna together with Jovinus. (GERONTIUS. ] them in ten Tetralogia, or sets of four each, ac-
(Sozom. ix. 12–15; Orosius, vii. 42, 43 ; Olym- cording to the subjects ; and in one of his notes he
piodorus apud Phot. Biblioth. cod. 80 ; Greg. conjecturally gives what ne regards as their correct
Turon. L ii. c. 9; Prosper, Marcellinus, Idatius, order. The Dissertatio 'Oti tpos tãoar úróGEON
Chronica. )
[W. P. ) αρμόσεται και του φιλοσόφου λόγος, Omni subjecto
MAXIMUS TYRIUS, a native of Tyre, a philosophiam convenire, he considers to have been
Greek writer of the age of the Antonines, was the pröem or introduction to the whole work. The
rather later, therefore, than Maximus the Rhetori- work was first printed in the Latin version of
cian, mentioned by Plutarch (Symp. ix. probl. 4), Cosmus Paccius, archbishop of Florence, made from
and rather earlier than the Maximus mentioned a MS. of the original which Janus Lascaris had
by Porphyry (apud Euseb. Evang. Praep. x. 3) as brought from Greece into Italy to Lorenzo de' Me
having been present at the supper given by Longi- dici. This version was published fol Rome, 1517,
nus at Athens in honour of Plato. It is disputed by Petrus Paccius, the translator's brother : again,
whether Maximus of Tyre was one of the tutors of fol. Basil. 1519, and in a smaller form at Paris,
the emperor Aurelius. The text of the Chronicon 1554. The Greek text was first printed by Hen.
of Eusebius, in which he is mentioned, being lost, Stephanus, 8vo. Paris, 1557, accompanied, but in
we have to choose between the interpretation of a separate volume, by the version of Paccius. The
his translator Jerome, according to whom Maximus edition of Heinsius, from a MS. in the King's
is not mentioned as tutor to the emperor, and the Library at Paris (with the title quoted above),
reading of Georgius Syncellus (Georgius, No. 46), with a new Latin version and notes by the editor,
who appears to have transcribed Eusebius, and ac- was printed 8vo. Leyden, 1607 and again ]614, and
cording to whom Maximus held that office in con- without the notes, A. D. 1630. It has been re-
junction with Apollonius of Chalcedon [APOLLO printed once or twice since then. In the first edi-
NIUS, No. 11), and Basileides of Scythopolis tion the Latin version and the notes formed separate
[Basileides, No. 2). Even if we accept the volumes. Heinsius did not follow either the ar-
reading of Syncellus, as representing the genuine rangement of his MS. or his own suggested arrange
text of Eusebius, it is not improbable that the state- ment in Tetralogia. The first edition of Davis,
ment may have arisen from the latter confounding fellow of Queen's College, Cambridge, with the
Claudius Maximus, the Stoic, with Maximus of version of Heinsius, whose arrangement he adopted,
Tyre. Tillemont contends earnestly (Hist. des and short notes, was published, 8vo. Cambridge,
Empereurs, vol. i. p. 550, note 11, sur l’Emp. Tite 1703 ; the second and more important edition, in
Antonin. ) for the identity of the two persons, fol- which the text was carefully revised and a different
lowing in this the judgment of Jos. Scaliger, Jac. arrangement of the Dissertationes was adopted, was
Cappellus, Dan. Heinsius, and Barthius. Accord published after the editor's death by Dr. Joha
ing to Suidas (s. v. Mážiuos Tópios) Maximus re- Ward, the Gresham professor, with valuable notes,
sided at Rome in the time of the emperor Commo- by Jeremiah Markland, 4to. London, 1740. This
dus, and the title of the MS. of the Dissertationes second edition of Davis was reprinted with some
Maximi, in the King's Library at Paris, used by corrections and additional notes by Jo. Jac. Reiske,
Heinsius, Mašluov Tuplov MatwVIKOÙ OLADO Ópou 2 vols. 8vo. Lips. 1774–5. The works Περί
των εν Ρώμη διαλέξεων της πρώτης επιδημίας | Ομήρου και τίς η παρ' αυτώ αρχαία φιλοσοφία,
nówoi ua', Marimi Tyrii Platonici Philosophi Dis De Homero et quae sit apud eum antiqua Philoso-
sertationum Romae, quum ibi primo versaretur, com- phia, and Ei kalws Ewkpáros củk dtredornoato,
positarum, &c. , gives reason to believe that he re- Rectene Socrates fecerit, quod accusatus non respon-
sided there at least twice. Davis, indeed, disputes derit, mentioned by Suidas (l. c. ), appear to be two
this, and conjectures from intimations contained in of the Dissertationes, Nos. 16 and 39, in the edi-
the work itself that only a few of the dissertations tions of Heinsius and first of Davis, and Nos. 32
(five or perhaps seven) were written at Rome, that and 9 in Davis's second and Reiske's editions.
others were written in Greece, in which country he Some Stholia in Cratylum Platonis, by Maximus
thinks Maximus passed a longer period of his life of Tyre, were formerly extant in the Palatine
than at Rome. Certainly, while his works con- Library. Fed. Morellus conjectured, but on in-
tain abundant allusions to Grecian history, there is sufficient grounds, that Maximus was the Tyrian
scarcely a single reference to that of Rome. In sophist mentioned by Libanius (Orat. xix. pro ·
one passage (Dissert. viii. 8), Maximus states that Saltatoribus) as having written an 'Evtágios Nóyos,
he had seen the sacred rivers Marsyas and Mnean- Oratio Funebris, for the Trojan Paris.
der at Celaenae in Phrygia. He probably also The merits of Maximus of Tyre bave been ra-
had visited Paphos, in the isle of Cyprus, Mount riously estimated. Reiske, who undertook the
Olympus, in Asia Minor, and perhaps Aetna, in charge of the Leipzig edition, at the request of the
Sicily, with which he contrasts Olympus ; and as bookseller, when worn down by increasing years
he had seen also the quadrangular stone which the and long literary labours, especially in editing
Arabs worshipped as an image or emblem of their Plutarch, speaks of Maximus as a tedious, affected
deity, it is most likely that he had been in Arabia writer, who degraded the most elevated and im-
(Maxim. Dissert. ibid. ) But he does not appear portant subjects by his trivial and puerile mode of
to have resided in these places, but only to have treating them. But Markland, while admitting
visited them in the course of his travels, which and blaming the haste and inaccuracy of Maximus,
must have been extensive. The time of his death praises his acuteness, ability, and learning. He
is not known.
ihinks that Maximus published two editions of his
sog
H.
Li
2
## p. 1001 (#1017) ##########################################
MAXIMUS.
J001
MAXIMUS.
I TE
1551,
by la
* Tx
aber
7614, and
Tara
bexi
Dissertationes ; in the second of which (represented | foreigners. No reasonable doubt can be enter
by the version of Paccius, the Parisian MS. fol. tained with regard to the period when he flou-
lowed by Heinsius, and the Harleian MS. , one of rished. The dedication is indeed couched in such
those employed by Davis for his second edition) general terms, that the adulation might apply to
he corrected the errors in argument of the first almost any Caesar ; but when we find the writer
edition, but left uncorrected the numerous errors speaking of himself as removed by two generations
as to bistorical facts. (Fabric. Biblioth. Graec. vol. only from M. Antonius the orator (vi. 8. ç 1),
i. p. 516, vol. iii. p. 77, vol. v. p. 515, &c. ; Hein- when we remark the studied abhorrence every-
sius, Davis, Markland, alii, Praefut. Notae &c. ad where expressed towards Brutus and Cassius (vi.
Opera Mairimi Tyri. )
(J. C. M. ] 4. & 5, i. 8. § 8), and the eager fattery so lavishly
MAXIMUS, VALERIUS. 1. M'. VALERIUS heaped upon the Julian line, we at once conclude
(VOLUSI F. ) VOLUSUS MAXIMUS, was the first of the that he lived under the first emperors. The de-
Valerian house who bore the surname of Maximus. scription of the reigning prince as one descended
He was a brother of P. Valerius Poplicola, and was from both of the two illustrious censors, Claudius
dictator in B. C. 494, when the dissensions between Nero and Livius Salinator (ix, 2. § 6), distinctly
the burghers and commonalty of Rome de Neris marks out Tiberius ; and, this point being fixed,
were at the highest. Valerius was popular with we can determine that the parricide, whose treason
the plebs, and induced them to enlist for the Sabine and destruction form the theme of a glowing invec-
and Aequian wars, by promising that when the tive (ix. 11. $ 4), must be the notorious Sejanus
enemy was repulsed, the condition of the debtors The opinion hazarded by some of the earlier scho-
(neri) should be alleviated. He defeated and lars, that we ought to regard this Valerius Maximus
triumphed over the Sabines ; but unable to fulfil as the same person with the consul of that name
his promise to the commons, resigned his dictator- who held office for the first time under Volusianus
ship. The plebs, seeing that Valerius at least had | in A. D. 253, and for a second time under Gallienus
kept faith with them, escorted him honourably in A. D. 256, seems to be totally devoid of any
home. As he was advanced in life at the time of foundation, and is directly contradicted not only by
his dictatorship, he probably died soon after the evidence recited above, but also by the fact
(Dionys vi. 39–45; Liv.
11. )
454 ; but he was now to experience that while it
No distinct idea can be formed of the arrange- is only dangerous to be disliked by men like Va-
ment of the work from the manner in which it is lentinian, it is at once dangerous and disgraceful
quoted by Spartianus (Get. 2), “ de cujus vita et to be liked by them, because their attachment is
moribus in vita Severi Marius Maximus priino neither guided by principles nor ennobled by es-
scptenario satis copiose retulit. "
(W. R. ]
tecm. Maximus had a beautiful and virtuous wife
MA’XIMUS, MEÄSSIUS, one of the most in- of whom Valentinian was enamoured. One day,
timate friends of the younger Pliny, seems to have having lost a great deal of money to the emperor,
been a native of Verona, and certainly possessed while playing with him, he gave him his seal
considerable influence in the neighbourhood of that ring as a pledge for the debt. Valentinian sent
town, to which his wife belonged. (Plin. Ep. ii. this ring to the wife of Maximus in the name
14. ) Hence Pliny recommends to him Arrianus, of the empress Eudoxia, with a request to joiu her
of Altinum, a town near Venice (iii. 2). Maximus and her husband at the palace. The unsuspicious
was subsequently sent into Achaia to arrange the lady proceeded thither forth with, and was ushered
affairs of the free towns in the province, on which into a solitary room where, instead of her husband
occasion Pliny addressed him a letter, in imitation and the empress, she found the emperor, who began
of Cicero's celebrated epistle to his brother Quintus, by a declaration of love. Meeting with an indig-
to teach him how he ought to discharge the duties nant repulse he forced her person. The disgraced
of his new appointment (viii. 24). Maximus was woman returned to her mansion, almost dying with
an author, and one of his works is praised by Pliny shame, and accused Maximus of having bad a hand
in the most extravagant terms (iv. 20). Pliny in this infamous transaction. The feelings of her
appears to have frequently consulted him respect- husband need no description. His wife died soon
ing his own literary compositions. The following afterwards. He brooded revenge, and the numerous
letters of Pliny are addressed to Maximus : ii. 14, friends of the murdered Aëtius being animated by
iii. 2, 20, iv. 20, 25, v. 5, vi. 11, 34, vii. 26, viii. the same feelings, he joined them joyfully. On the
19, 24, ix. 1, 23.
16th of March 455, Valentinian was amusing him-
MAXIMUS, PETRO'NIUS (ANI'CIUS? ), self in the Campus Martius ; suddenly a band of
Roman emperor, A. D. 455. His long and meritorious armed men rushed upon him, and the emperor was
life as an officer of state forms a striking contrast with murdered.
his short and unfortunate reign. He belonged to the Maximus was now proclaimed emperor, and he
high nobility of Rome, and was a descendant, or accepted the crown, but never enjoyed it. On the
at any rate a kinsman, of Petronius Probus, who very day of his accession he was a prey to grief
gained so much power in Rome towards the end and remorse, and, fully aware of the danger that
of the fourth century of our era ; it is doubtful surrounded the master of Rome, he compared his
whether he was the son of a daughter of the em- fate with that of Damocles. Anxious to secure
peror Maximus Magnus ; nor is his title to the himself on his bloody throne he appointed his friend
Anician name sufficiently established, although Avitus commander-in-chief, and he contrived a
Tillemont says that there are two inscriptions on marriage between his son Palladius and Eudoxia,
which he is called Anicius. Maximus Petronius the daughter of the late Valentinian. He then
was born about A. D. 388, or perhaps as late as forced Eudoxia, the widow of Valentinian, to marry
395. At the youthful age of 19 he was admitted him. This proved his ruin. Eudoxia, twice em-
to the council of the emperor Honorius in his press, yet disdained her condition, and full of
double quality of tribune and notary (407 or 414). hatred against Maximus, entered into intrigues
In 415 he was comes largitionum, and in 420 he with Genseric, the king of the Vandals, at Car-
filled the important office of praefectus Romae, thage, the result of which was that the barbarian
discharging his duty with such general satisfaction equipped a fleet for the conquest of Rome. Maxi-
that, in 421, on the solicitation of the senate and mus was apprised of the fact, but did nothing to
people of Rome, the emperors Honorius and Arca- prevent the approaching storm : he was incompe-
dius caused a statue to be erected to him on the tent as an emperor. Suddenly news came that the
Campus Trajani. In 433 he was second consul, Vandals were disembarking at the mouth of the
the emperor Theodosius II. being the first. During | Tiber. Rome was in commotion and fear, and the
the years 439 till 44), and afterwards in 445, he trembling people looked up to Maximus for relief.
was praefectus Italiae. In 443 he was again chosen He advised flight to those who could fly, resigna-
consul, being the first: his colleague was Paterius. tion to those who could not, and then set out to
Valentinian III. held him in such esteem that he abandon his capital and his people. But he had
ordered a medal to be struck in honour of him, not yet left Rome when he was overtaken by a
which represented on the obverse the head and name band of Burgundian mercenaries, commanded by
of the emperor, and on the reverse the name and some old officers of Valentinian; they fell upon
image of Maximus dressed in the consular garb. him, and he expired under their daggers. His
Maximus was in every respect what we now un- body was dragged through the streets of Rome,
derstand under the French term, "grand seig- mutilated, and then thrown into the Tiber. Three
he was of noble birth, rich, generous, well days afterwards Genseric made his entry into
educated, with a strong turn for literature, fine arts, Rome and sacked the city. The reign of Maximus
and science, full of dignity yet affable and conde- lasted between two and three months, but there
scending, a professed lover and practiser of virtue, are great discrepancies regarding the exact number
yet with a sufficient smack of fashionable follies of days. The reader will receive ample information
and amiable vices to secure him an honourable rank on this point from not. xii. to page 628 of the 6th
[. 1 . No ܕܬܬ
MAXIM
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## p. 999 (#1015) ###########################################
S.
999
MAXIMUS.
MAXIMUS.
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2, with a request to jez be
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found the emperor, who lesa
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her mansion, almost dring
Maximus of having had bent
saction. The feedings of the
escription. His wife died out
noded revenge, and the names
dered Actius being an mated
he joined them jorters. (la
5, Valentinian was aceste
zus Martius ; suddenly a baad d
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?
dow proclaimed empent, and is
wn, but nerer enjoyed it (six
accession he was a pres to put
vol. of Tillemont, Hist. des Empercurs. (Procop. | siderable insight into the ecclesiastical ceremonies
Bell. Vand. i 4, 5; Sidon. Apollin. Ep. i. 9, and usages of the period to which they belong, and
ii
. 13; Panegyr. Aviti, v. 359, &c. , 442, &c. ; containing many curious indications of the state of
Prosper, Victor, Idatius, Marcellinus, Chronica ; manners.
Evagr. ii. 7 ; Jornand. De Reb. Goth. p. 127, ed. In the complete and sumptuous edition'superin-
Lindenbrog. )
(W. P. ] tended by Bruno Brunus, published by the Propa-
MAXIMUS PLANU'DES. [PLANUDES. ] ganda at Rome (fol. 1784), under the especial
MAXIMUS, QUINTI'LIUS, the brother of patronage of Pope Pius the Sixth, and enriched
Quintilius Condianus, of whom an account given with annotations by Victor Amadeus, king of Sar.
under CONDIANUS.
dinia, the various pieces are ranked under three
MAXIMUS, RUTI'LIUS, a Roman jurist of heads.
uncertain age. He is only known from the Flo I. Homiliae. II. Sermones. III. Tractatus.
rentine Index and a single excerpt in the Digest The Homiliae and the Sermones, the distinction
(30. s. 125), as the author of a treatise in a single between which is in the present case by no means
book, ad Legem Falcidiam, which was enacted obvious or even intelligible, amounting in all to
B. C. 40.
[G. L. ) 233, are divided each into three classes, De Tem-
MA'XIMUS, SANQUI'NIUS, is first men- pore, De Sanctis, De Diversis ; the discourses De
tioned towards the latter end of the reign of Tibe- Tempore relating to the moveable feasts, those De
rius, A. D. 32, when he is spoken of as a person of Sanctis to the lives, works, and miracles of saints,
consular rank. (Tac. Ann. vi. 4. ) We learn from confessors, and martyrs ; those De Diversis to mis-
Dion Cassius (lix. 13) and the Fasti that he was cellaneous topics.
consul A. D. 39, in the reign of Caligula, but from The Tractatus, in No. 6, are I. II. III. De
the passage of Tacitus quoted above, he must have Baptismo. IV. Contra Paganos. V. Contra Ju-
been consul previously, though his first consulship daeos. VI. Expositiones de Capitulis Evangeliorum.
does not occur in the Fasti. He also held the Besides the above, we find in an appendix thirty-
office of praefectus urbi in the reign of Caligula. one Sermones, three Homiliae, and two Epistolae,
(Dion Cass. l. c. ) In the reign of Claudius he had all of doubtful authenticity; and it is, moreover,
the command in Lower Germany, and died in the proved that a vast number of sermons and homilies
province, A. D. 47. (Tac. Ann. xi. 18. ) He seems bave been lost.
to have been a different person from Sanquinius, Sermons by Maximus were first printed at
the accuser of Arruntius. (Tac. Ann. vi. 7. ) Spires, by Peter Drach, fol. 1482, in the Ilomilu-
MAXIMUS SCAURUS. [SCAURUS. ] rium Doctorum, originally compiled, it is said, by
MA'XIMUS, SULPICIUS GALBA. [GAL- Paulus Diaconus, at the command of Charlemagne.
BA, No. 1. ]
Seventy-four of his homilies were published in a
MA'XIMUS TAURINENSIS, so called be- separate form by Joannes Gymnicus at Cologne,
cause he was bishop of Turin, flourished about the 8vo. 1535. The number was gradually increased
middle of the fifth century. He subscribed in by the Benedictines in their editions of Augustin
A. D. 451 the synodic epistle of Eusebius, bishop and Ambrose, by Mabillon (Museum Italicum,
of Milan, to Leo the Great ; and from the circum- 1687), by Muratori (Anecdot. vol. iv. 1713), by
stance that in the acts of the council of Rome, held Martene and Dorand (Collectio amplissima, &c. ,
in A. D. 465, by Hilarius, the successor of Leo, the 1733—1741), and by Galland (Biblioth. Patrum,
signature of Maximus immediately follows that of vol. ix. &c.
), who, however, merely collected and
the chief pontiff, taking precedence of the metropo arranged the contributions of preceding scholars;
litans of Milan and Embrun, we may conclude but all editions must give way to that of Brunus
that he was the oldest prelate present. It has been mentioned above. (Schönemann, Biblioth. Patrum
inferred from different passages in his works that Lat. vol. i. § 25 ; Galland, Bibl. Patr. Proleg. ad
he was born about the close of the fourth century, vol. ix. c. ix. ; and Brunus, in the life of Maximus,
at Vercelli, that he was educated in that city, that prefixed to his edition. )
[W. R. )
he there discharged the first duties of the sacred MAXIMUS TYRANNUS, Roman emperor,
office, and that he lived to a great age ; but it is was raised to the supreme power, in A. D. 408, by
impossible to speak with certainty upon these Gerontius when this general rebelled in Spain
points.
against Constantine. Olympiodorus says that
Gennadius, who is followed by Trithemius, states Maximus was the son of Gerontius, but it seems
that Maximus composed a great number of tracts more probable that he was only an officer in the
and homilies upon various subjects, several of army and his tool, and in the latter quality he be-
which he specifies. Many of these have been pre haved during the short time he bore the imperial
served in independent MSS. , while the Lectionaria title. When immediately after his revolt Geron-
of the principal monasteries and cathedrals in Eu- tius marched into Gaul, Maximus remained at
rope, investigated with assiduity from the days of Tarragona, but could not prevent the Alans, Sue-
Charlemagne down to our own times, have yielded vians, Vandals, and other barbarians from invading
80 many more which may with confidence be Spain in 409. After the defeat of Gerontius at
ascribed to this bishop of Turin, that he must be Arles, and his death, in 411, Maximus was com-
regarded as the most voluminous compiler of dis- pelled to yield to the victorious Constantine, who
courses in the Latin church. Little can be said in forced him to renounce the imperial title, but
praise of the quality of these productions, most of granted him life and liberty on account of his in-
which were probably delivered extemporaneously. capacity for important affairs. Maximus retired
They are so weak and so destitute of grace, elo among the barbarians and lived an obscure life in
quence, and learning, that we wonder that they a corner of Spain. As Orosius speaks of him as a
should ever have been thought worthy of preserva- living person, he was consequently alive in 417,
tion at all. The only merit they possess is purely the year in which that writer composed his work.
antiquarian, affording as they do incidentally con- | Prosper states that in 419 (413? ) he rebelled and
d, fully a ware of the desembre
master of Rome, he comparadas
of Damocles, Anricas do
loody throne he appointed his liment
nder-in-chief
, and he cantored a
een his son Palladius and Estimate
of the late Valentinian. He ze
in the widow of l'alentiniar, to ?
oved his ruiz Endori, tice $
şdained her condition, and HD
Marimus, entered into the
the king of the Vanda's et les
ilt of which was that the baciata
et for the conquest of Rose. Visa
ised of the face, but did suho
approaching storm : be was intrip
peror. Suddenly Dews case
disembarking at the menti di
e was in commotion and fear
, and the
ple looked up to Varnus for sale
ght to those who could dr,
who could not, and then ett
capital and his people. Bar zebra
Rome when be was overtaker ut i
Tundian mercenaries, cumsan
icers of Valentinian ; they fel att
expired under their doen by
migged through tbe strees of la
nd then thrown into the Tibet. Ils
rands Genserie made his eget 3
Acked the citr. The reiga of Wasse
screpancies regarding the essere and
le reader will receive ample intime
it from not. xil to page 0. 3 arter
e
& s4
een two and three months out to
## p. 1000 (#1016) ##########################################
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made himself master of the Roman portion of The title of his only extant work is variously
Spain ; but this rebellion was a trifling affair, and given as Acadéters, Disserlationes, or abyou, Sern
he perhaps only got possession of some small dis- mones. It consists of forty-one dissertations on
trict. Failing in his enterprise he was seized, theological, ethical, and other philosophical sub-
carried to Italy, and, in 422, put to death atjects. Heinsius thinks that the author arranged
Ravenna together with Jovinus. (GERONTIUS. ] them in ten Tetralogia, or sets of four each, ac-
(Sozom. ix. 12–15; Orosius, vii. 42, 43 ; Olym- cording to the subjects ; and in one of his notes he
piodorus apud Phot. Biblioth. cod. 80 ; Greg. conjecturally gives what ne regards as their correct
Turon. L ii. c. 9; Prosper, Marcellinus, Idatius, order. The Dissertatio 'Oti tpos tãoar úróGEON
Chronica. )
[W. P. ) αρμόσεται και του φιλοσόφου λόγος, Omni subjecto
MAXIMUS TYRIUS, a native of Tyre, a philosophiam convenire, he considers to have been
Greek writer of the age of the Antonines, was the pröem or introduction to the whole work. The
rather later, therefore, than Maximus the Rhetori- work was first printed in the Latin version of
cian, mentioned by Plutarch (Symp. ix. probl. 4), Cosmus Paccius, archbishop of Florence, made from
and rather earlier than the Maximus mentioned a MS. of the original which Janus Lascaris had
by Porphyry (apud Euseb. Evang. Praep. x. 3) as brought from Greece into Italy to Lorenzo de' Me
having been present at the supper given by Longi- dici. This version was published fol Rome, 1517,
nus at Athens in honour of Plato. It is disputed by Petrus Paccius, the translator's brother : again,
whether Maximus of Tyre was one of the tutors of fol. Basil. 1519, and in a smaller form at Paris,
the emperor Aurelius. The text of the Chronicon 1554. The Greek text was first printed by Hen.
of Eusebius, in which he is mentioned, being lost, Stephanus, 8vo. Paris, 1557, accompanied, but in
we have to choose between the interpretation of a separate volume, by the version of Paccius. The
his translator Jerome, according to whom Maximus edition of Heinsius, from a MS. in the King's
is not mentioned as tutor to the emperor, and the Library at Paris (with the title quoted above),
reading of Georgius Syncellus (Georgius, No. 46), with a new Latin version and notes by the editor,
who appears to have transcribed Eusebius, and ac- was printed 8vo. Leyden, 1607 and again ]614, and
cording to whom Maximus held that office in con- without the notes, A. D. 1630. It has been re-
junction with Apollonius of Chalcedon [APOLLO printed once or twice since then. In the first edi-
NIUS, No. 11), and Basileides of Scythopolis tion the Latin version and the notes formed separate
[Basileides, No. 2). Even if we accept the volumes. Heinsius did not follow either the ar-
reading of Syncellus, as representing the genuine rangement of his MS. or his own suggested arrange
text of Eusebius, it is not improbable that the state- ment in Tetralogia. The first edition of Davis,
ment may have arisen from the latter confounding fellow of Queen's College, Cambridge, with the
Claudius Maximus, the Stoic, with Maximus of version of Heinsius, whose arrangement he adopted,
Tyre. Tillemont contends earnestly (Hist. des and short notes, was published, 8vo. Cambridge,
Empereurs, vol. i. p. 550, note 11, sur l’Emp. Tite 1703 ; the second and more important edition, in
Antonin. ) for the identity of the two persons, fol- which the text was carefully revised and a different
lowing in this the judgment of Jos. Scaliger, Jac. arrangement of the Dissertationes was adopted, was
Cappellus, Dan. Heinsius, and Barthius. Accord published after the editor's death by Dr. Joha
ing to Suidas (s. v. Mážiuos Tópios) Maximus re- Ward, the Gresham professor, with valuable notes,
sided at Rome in the time of the emperor Commo- by Jeremiah Markland, 4to. London, 1740. This
dus, and the title of the MS. of the Dissertationes second edition of Davis was reprinted with some
Maximi, in the King's Library at Paris, used by corrections and additional notes by Jo. Jac. Reiske,
Heinsius, Mašluov Tuplov MatwVIKOÙ OLADO Ópou 2 vols. 8vo. Lips. 1774–5. The works Περί
των εν Ρώμη διαλέξεων της πρώτης επιδημίας | Ομήρου και τίς η παρ' αυτώ αρχαία φιλοσοφία,
nówoi ua', Marimi Tyrii Platonici Philosophi Dis De Homero et quae sit apud eum antiqua Philoso-
sertationum Romae, quum ibi primo versaretur, com- phia, and Ei kalws Ewkpáros củk dtredornoato,
positarum, &c. , gives reason to believe that he re- Rectene Socrates fecerit, quod accusatus non respon-
sided there at least twice. Davis, indeed, disputes derit, mentioned by Suidas (l. c. ), appear to be two
this, and conjectures from intimations contained in of the Dissertationes, Nos. 16 and 39, in the edi-
the work itself that only a few of the dissertations tions of Heinsius and first of Davis, and Nos. 32
(five or perhaps seven) were written at Rome, that and 9 in Davis's second and Reiske's editions.
others were written in Greece, in which country he Some Stholia in Cratylum Platonis, by Maximus
thinks Maximus passed a longer period of his life of Tyre, were formerly extant in the Palatine
than at Rome. Certainly, while his works con- Library. Fed. Morellus conjectured, but on in-
tain abundant allusions to Grecian history, there is sufficient grounds, that Maximus was the Tyrian
scarcely a single reference to that of Rome. In sophist mentioned by Libanius (Orat. xix. pro ·
one passage (Dissert. viii. 8), Maximus states that Saltatoribus) as having written an 'Evtágios Nóyos,
he had seen the sacred rivers Marsyas and Mnean- Oratio Funebris, for the Trojan Paris.
der at Celaenae in Phrygia. He probably also The merits of Maximus of Tyre bave been ra-
had visited Paphos, in the isle of Cyprus, Mount riously estimated. Reiske, who undertook the
Olympus, in Asia Minor, and perhaps Aetna, in charge of the Leipzig edition, at the request of the
Sicily, with which he contrasts Olympus ; and as bookseller, when worn down by increasing years
he had seen also the quadrangular stone which the and long literary labours, especially in editing
Arabs worshipped as an image or emblem of their Plutarch, speaks of Maximus as a tedious, affected
deity, it is most likely that he had been in Arabia writer, who degraded the most elevated and im-
(Maxim. Dissert. ibid. ) But he does not appear portant subjects by his trivial and puerile mode of
to have resided in these places, but only to have treating them. But Markland, while admitting
visited them in the course of his travels, which and blaming the haste and inaccuracy of Maximus,
must have been extensive. The time of his death praises his acuteness, ability, and learning. He
is not known.
ihinks that Maximus published two editions of his
sog
H.
Li
2
## p. 1001 (#1017) ##########################################
MAXIMUS.
J001
MAXIMUS.
I TE
1551,
by la
* Tx
aber
7614, and
Tara
bexi
Dissertationes ; in the second of which (represented | foreigners. No reasonable doubt can be enter
by the version of Paccius, the Parisian MS. fol. tained with regard to the period when he flou-
lowed by Heinsius, and the Harleian MS. , one of rished. The dedication is indeed couched in such
those employed by Davis for his second edition) general terms, that the adulation might apply to
he corrected the errors in argument of the first almost any Caesar ; but when we find the writer
edition, but left uncorrected the numerous errors speaking of himself as removed by two generations
as to bistorical facts. (Fabric. Biblioth. Graec. vol. only from M. Antonius the orator (vi. 8. ç 1),
i. p. 516, vol. iii. p. 77, vol. v. p. 515, &c. ; Hein- when we remark the studied abhorrence every-
sius, Davis, Markland, alii, Praefut. Notae &c. ad where expressed towards Brutus and Cassius (vi.
Opera Mairimi Tyri. )
(J. C. M. ] 4. & 5, i. 8. § 8), and the eager fattery so lavishly
MAXIMUS, VALERIUS. 1. M'. VALERIUS heaped upon the Julian line, we at once conclude
(VOLUSI F. ) VOLUSUS MAXIMUS, was the first of the that he lived under the first emperors. The de-
Valerian house who bore the surname of Maximus. scription of the reigning prince as one descended
He was a brother of P. Valerius Poplicola, and was from both of the two illustrious censors, Claudius
dictator in B. C. 494, when the dissensions between Nero and Livius Salinator (ix, 2. § 6), distinctly
the burghers and commonalty of Rome de Neris marks out Tiberius ; and, this point being fixed,
were at the highest. Valerius was popular with we can determine that the parricide, whose treason
the plebs, and induced them to enlist for the Sabine and destruction form the theme of a glowing invec-
and Aequian wars, by promising that when the tive (ix. 11. $ 4), must be the notorious Sejanus
enemy was repulsed, the condition of the debtors The opinion hazarded by some of the earlier scho-
(neri) should be alleviated. He defeated and lars, that we ought to regard this Valerius Maximus
triumphed over the Sabines ; but unable to fulfil as the same person with the consul of that name
his promise to the commons, resigned his dictator- who held office for the first time under Volusianus
ship. The plebs, seeing that Valerius at least had | in A. D. 253, and for a second time under Gallienus
kept faith with them, escorted him honourably in A. D. 256, seems to be totally devoid of any
home. As he was advanced in life at the time of foundation, and is directly contradicted not only by
his dictatorship, he probably died soon after the evidence recited above, but also by the fact
(Dionys vi. 39–45; Liv.
