; Pritius, Praefut, in
Opuscula mentioned below, especially as a cursory Macarii Opuscula ; Galland, Bill.
Opuscula mentioned below, especially as a cursory Macarii Opuscula ; Galland, Bill.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
M.
]
picius was going as proconsul to Achaia, Cicero MACA'RIA (Makapia), a daughter of Heracles
wrote two letters to him in Lyso's favour, B. C. 47, by Deïaneira, from whom Zenobius derives the
in which he speaks of him in terms of great affec- proverb Báxi' és uakaplav, because she had put an
tion and gratitude (ibid. xiii. 19, 24). (W. A. G. ) end to herself. (Paus. i. 32. § 6; Zenob. Prov.
LYSON (Avowr), a statuary, who is mentioned ii. 61. )
[L. S. )
by Pliny among those who made “ athletas, et ar- MACA'RIUS (Makápios), a Spartan, was one
matos, et venatores, sacrificantesque" (H. N. xxxiv. of the three commanders of the Peloponnesian
8. 8. 19. § 34). His statue of the Athenian people force which was sent to aid the Aetolians in the
in the senate-house of the Five Hundred is men- reduction of Naupactus, B. C. 426, which however
tioned by Pausanias (i. 3. § 4). [P. S. ) was saved by Demosthenes with the aid of the
LYSUS (Alloos), a Macedonian statuary, who Acarnanians. Macarius took part in the expedi-
made the statue of Criannius, the Eleian, in the tion against Amphilochian Argos, in the same
Altis at Olympia. (Paus. vi. 17. § 1. ) [P. S. ) year, and was slain at the battle of Olpae. (Thuc.
LYTEʻŘIÚS (AUTTPLos), i. e. the Deliverer, a ii. 100—102, 105–109. )
(E. E. )
sumame of Pan, under which he had a sanctuary MACA'RIUS (Maxápios). 1. AEGYPTIUS, the
at Troezene, because he was believed during a EGYPTIAN. There were in the fourth century in
plague to have revealed in dreams the proper remedy Egypt two eminent ascetics and contemporaries,
against the disease. (Paus. ii. 35. § 5. ) [L. S. ] though probably not disciples of St. Antony, as is
LYTIERSES (Autiépons), another form of asserted by Rufinus, and perhaps by Theodoret.
Lityerses. (Theocr. x. 41. ) [LITSERSES. ] [ANTONIUS, No. 4, p. 217, b. ] Of these the
## p. 874 (#890) ############################################
874
MACARIUS.
MACARICS.
subject of the present article is generally distin-1 writinge published under the name of Macarius of
guished as the EGYPTIAN, sometimes as MAGNUS, Egypt are these : I. 'Ouría avevmatikal, Homi-
the Great, or as Major or SENIOR, the ELDER ; liae Spirituales. These homilies, so called, are fifty
while the other is described as Macarius of Alex- in number, of unequal length, and possibly inter-
andria. (No. 2. )
polated by a later hand. They are ascribed to our
Macarius the Egyptian was the elder of the two, Macarius on the authority of NSS. by Picus, Fabri-
and was born, according to Socrates, in Upper cius, Pritius, Tillemont, and Galland ; but his
Egypt. At the age of thirty he betook himself to authorship is denied by Possin, Dupin, Oudin, and
a solitary life. His place of retreat was the wil. Ceillier, though these are not agreed to whom to
derness of Scete or Scetis, a part of the great ascribe them. Cave hesitates between our Maca-
Lybian desert, which D'Anville places about 60 rius and his namesake of Alexandria (No. 2); but
miles, but Tillemont as much as 120 miles S. of on the whole is inclined to prefer the latter. The
Alexandria, a wretched spot, but on that account Homilice were first published by Joannes Picus, or
well suited to the purpose of the ascetics who occu- Pic, 8vo. Paris, 1559; a Latin version by the
pied it. Here Macarius, though yet a young nian, editor was separately published in the same or the
gave himself up to such austeritics as to acquire the next year. The Greek text, with a Latio version
title of taidapiorépwe," the aged youth. ” At forty by Palthenius, was again published at Frankfort,
years of age he was ordained a priest, and is suid 8vo. 1594 ; and the text and version were reprinted
to have received power to cast out evil spirits and from Picus with the works of Gregory Thauma-
to heal diseases, as well as the gift of prophecy ; uirglis (GREGORIUS THAUMATURGUS) and Basil
and many marvellous stories are related by his of Seleuceia [Basilius, No. 4), fol. Paris, 1021.
biographers, Palladius and Rufinus, of his cmploy: A revised edition of the Greek text, with the
ment of these supernatural qualifications. It was version of Palthenius, also revised, was published
qven reported that he had raised the dead in order by Jo. Georg. Pritius, 8vo. Leipzig, 1698, and
to convince an obstinate heretic, a Hieracite (Hie. again in 1714, and inay be regarded as the standard
Rax, No. 3), with whom he had a disputation : edition. A Latin version is given in the Biblio-
but this miracle was too great to be received implic-theca Patrum, vol. ii. ed. Paris, 1589; vol. iv, ed.
itly even by the credulity of Rufinus and Palla- Cologn. 1618; vol. iv. ed. Lyon, 1677. An Eng-
dius, who have recorded it only as a report. lish version, with learned and valuable notes, by
During the persecution which the orthodox a presbyter of the church of England” (Fabricius
suffered from Lucius, the Arian patriarch of Alex- calls him Thomas Haywood), was published 8vo.
andria (Lucius, No. 2) during the reign of the London, 1721. Some other homilies of Macarius
emperor Valens, Macarius was banished, together are extant in MS. II. Opuscula. The collection
with his namesake of Alexandria and other Egyp- so termed comprehends seven treatises, all short:
tian solitaries, to an island surrounded by marshes nepi Quraktis kapāías, De Custodia Cordis ; 2. Tepl
and inhabited only by heathens. He died at the TENEIÓTITOS év aveúuatı, De Perfectione in Spiritu ;
age of ninety; and as critics are generally agreed | 3. Slepi apogeuxîs, De Oratione ; 4. Slepi úrouovîts
in placing his death in A. v. 390 or 391, he must kal diarpioews, De Patientia et Discretione ; 5.
have been born about the beginning of the fourth nepi útvoews Toù voós, De Eleratione Mentis ; 6.
century, and have retired to the wilderness about Tepi ayarns, De Charitate ; 7. Teplémeudepias
He is canonized both by the Greek voós, De Libertate Mentis. These Opuscula were
and Latin churches ; his memory is celebrated by first published, with a Latin version, in the The-
the former on the 19th, by the latter on the 15th saurus Asceticus of Possin, 4to. Paris, 1684 ; a more
January. (Socrat. H. E. iv. 23, 24; Sozomen, correct edition both of the text and version was
H. E. iii
. 14, vi. 20; Theodoret, H. E. iv. 21; published by J. G. Pritius, 8vo. Leipzig, 1699 ;
Rufin. I. E. ii. 4 ; and apud Heribert Rosweyd, and again in 1714; and may be regarded as the
De Vita et Verbis Senior. ii. 28 ; Apophthegmata best edition. II. Apophthegmuta. These were
Patrum, apud Coteler. Eccles. Graec. Monum. vol. published partly by Possin in his Thesaurus Asce-
i. p. 524, &c. ; Pallad. Histor. Lausiuc. c. 19; ticus, and partly by Cotelerius in his Ecclesiae
Bolland, Acta Sunctor. a. d. 15 Januar. ; Tillemont, Gruecae Monumenta, vol. i. (4to. Paris, 1677),
Mémoires, vol. viii. p. 574, &c. ; Ceillier, Auteurs among the Apophthegmatu Patrum ; and were sub-
Sacrés, vol. vii. p. 709, &c. )
joined by Pritius to the Opuscula. An English
The writings of Macarius have been the subject version of the Opuscula and of some of the spoph-
of much discussion. Gennadius of Marseilles, our thegmata (those of Possin) was published by Mr.
earliest authority, says (De Viris Illustrib. c. 10) Granville Penn, 12mo. London, 1816, under the
that he wrote only a single Epistola or letter to his title of Institutes of Christian Perfection. All the
juniors in the ascetic life, in which he pointed out works of Macarius, with a Latin version, are given
to them the way of attaining Christian perfection in the Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland, vol. vii. fol.
Miraeus endeavours to identify this Epistola with Venice, 1770. A monastic rule to the compilation
the monastic rule, ascribed to one of the Macarii, of which our Macarius contributed is noticed below
and given in the Codex Regularum of St. Benedict in No. 2. A Latin version of some fragments of
of Anagni ; but which, with the letter which fol. other pieces is given in the Bibliotheca Conciona-
lows it, is rather to be ascribed to Macarius of toria of Combéfis ; and perhaps some pieces remain
Alexandria. The subject would lead us to identify in MS. beside the homilies already mentioned.
the Epistola mentioned by Gennadius with the (Tillemont and Ceillier, Il. cc.
; Pritius, Praefut, in
Opuscula mentioned below, especially as a cursory Macarii Opuscula ; Galland, Bill. Patrum Proleg.
citation by Michael Glycas in his Annales (Pars i. ad vol. vii. ; Oudin, De Scriptorib. Eccles. vol. i. col.
p. 105, ed. Paris, p. 81, ed. Venice, p. 199, ed. 474, seq. ; Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 373, vol. i. p.
Bonn) from “ the Epistles ( evěTIOTonais) of Maca- 256, ed. Oxford, 1740-1742 ; Fabric. Bibl. Gruec.
rius the Great" is found to bear some resemblance vol. viii. p. 361, &c. ; Penn, Pref. to the Institutes
to a passage in the fourth Opusculum, c. 2. The of Mucurius. )
A. D. 330.
## p. 875 (#891) ############################################
MACARIUS.
875
MACARIUS.
2. Of Alexandria, contemporary with the under the title of Regulie SS. Serapionis, lacuri,
foregoing, from whom he is distinguished by the Paphnutii et alterius Macarii; to which the first
epithet ALEXANDRINUS (ó 'Adetavapeús), or Poli of the two Macarii contributed capp. r-viii. , and
TICUS (10A1Tikós), i. e. Urbicus, and sonetimes the second (* alter Macarius") capp. xiii. -xvi.
JUNIOR, Palladius, who lived with him three Tilleniont and others consider these two Macarii
years, has given a tolerably long account of him in to be the Egyptian and the Alexandrian, and ap
his Historia Lausiaca, c. 20 ; but it chiefly consists parently with reason. The liegulu S. Vacurii,
of a record of his supposed miracles. lle was a which some have supposed to be the Epistola of
native of Alexandria where he followed the trade Macarius the Egyptian (No. 1) mentioned by
of a confectioner, and must not be confounded with Gennadius, is ascribed to the Alexandrian by S.
Macarius, the presbyter of Alexandria, who is men- Benedict of Anagni, Holstenius, Tillemont, Fabri-
tioned by Socrates (H. E. i. 27) and Sozomencius, and Galland. Cave hesitates to receive it as
(11. E. ii. 22), and who was accused of sacrilegious genuine. 11. Epistola B. Mucurii duta ad Mona-
violence towards Ischyrus [ATHANASIUs). Our chos
. A Latin version of this is subjoined to the
Macarius forsook his trade to follow a monastic Regula ; it is short and sententious in style. The
life, in which he attained such excellence, that Regula was first printed in the Historiu Monasterii
Palladius (ibid. c. 19) says that, though younger S. Joannis Rcomaensis (p. 24) of the Jesuit Roucrus
than Macarius the Egyptian, he surpassed cven him (Rouvière), 4to. Paris. 1637 ; and was reprinted
in the practice of asceticism. Neither the time together with the Epistola, in the Codex Regulurum
nor the occasion of his embracing a solitary life is of llolstenius (4to. Rome, 1661), and in the Biblio-
known, for the Macarius mentioned by Sozomen theca Putrum of Galland, vol. vii. fol. Venice,
(H. E. vi. 29) appears to be a different person. 1770. III. Tvů dylou Makaplov Toû 'Alejav-
Tillermont has endeavoured to show that his retire- δρέως λόγος περί εξόδου ψυχής δικαίων και αμαρ-
ment took place not later than A. D. 335, but the |τωλών: το πώς χωρίζονται εκ του σώματος, και
founds his calculation on a misconception of a TWS cioiv, Sancti Mucarii Alexandrini Sermo de
passage of Palladius.
Macarius was ordained Exitu Animac Justorum et Peccatorum : quomodo
priest after the Egyptian Macarius, i. e. after a. D. separuntur a Corpore, et in quo Statu manent.
340, and appears to have lived chiefly in that part This was printed, with a Latin version, by Cave
of the desert of Nitria which, from the number of (who, however, regarded it as the forgery of some
the solitaries who had their dwellings there, was later Greek writer), in the notice of Macarius in
termed “the Cells” (“ Cellae," or "Cellulae," td his Historia Litteraria ad ann. 373 (vol. i. fol.
Kendía); but frequently visited, perhaps for a time Lond. 1688, and Oxford, 1740—1742); and was
dwelt, in other parts of the great Lybian wilder- again printed, more correctly, by Tollins, in his
ness, and occasionally at least of the wilderness be- | Insignia Itineris Itulici, 4to. Utrecht, 1696. Tol
tween the Nile and the Red Sea. Galland says lius was not aware that it had been printed by
he became at length archimandrite of Nitria, but Cave. It is given, with the other works of Ma-
does not cite his authority, which was probably carius of Alexandria, in the Bibliotheca Putrum of
the MS. inscription to his Regula given below, and Galland. In one MS. at Vienna it is ascribed to
which is of little value. Philippus Sidetes calls Alexander, an ascetic and disciple of Macarius.
him a teacher and catechist of Alexandria, but Cave is disposed to ascribe to Macarius of Alex-
with what correctness seems very doubtful. Va- andria the Homiliae of Macarius the Egyptian
rious anecdotes recorded of him represent him as (No. 1). (Cave, l. c. ; Fabric. Bibl. Gruec. vol.
in company with the other Macarius (No. 1) and viii. p. 365 ; Holsten. Codex Regularum, vol. i.
with St. Antony. Many miracles are ascribed to pp. 10–14, 18—21, ed. Augsburg, 1759; Galland,
him, most of which are recorded by Palladius either Biblioth. Patr. Proleg. to vol. vii. ; Tillemont,
as having been seen by himself, or as resting on the Mémoires, vol. viii. pp. 618,648 ; Ceillier, Auteurs
authority of the saint's former companions, but they Sacrés, vol. vii. p. 712, &c. )
are frivolous and absurd. Macarius shared the 3. Of ANCYRA, of which city he was metropo-
exile of his namesake (No. 1) in the persecution litan. Macarius lived in the earlier part of the
which the Arians carried on against the orthodox. fifteenth century, and was author of a work against
He died, according to Tillemont's calculation, in the Latin church and its advocates, entitled Kard
Α. D. 394, but according to Fabricius, in A. D. 404, της των Λατίνων κακοδοξίας και κατά Βαρλαάμ
at the age of 100, in which case he must have been sal 'Akıvõúvov, Adversus Maligna Latinorum Dog-
nearly as old as Macarius the Egyptian. He is mata et contra Barlaam et Acindynum. The work
commemorated in the Roman Calendar on the 2d is extant only in MS. , but has been cited in several
January, and by the Greeks on the 19th January. places by Allatius in his De Eccles. Occident, et
Socrates describes him as characterized by cheerful-Orient. perpet. Consensione. Allatius characterizes
ness of temper and kindness to his juniors, qualities the work as trifling and full of absurdities ; but
which induced many of them to embrace an ascetic Cave considers that the citations given by Allatins
life. (Socrat. H. £. iv. 23, 24 ; Sozom. H. E. iii. himself by no means justify his censure. (Cave,
14, vi. 20; Theodoret. H. E. iv. 21; Rufin. H. E. Hist. Litt. ad ann. 1430; Fabricius, Bibl. Graec.
ii. 4; and apud Heribert Rosweyd, De Vita et vol. viii. p. 367. )
Verbis Senior. ii. 29 ; Pallad. Hist. Lausiac. c. 20; 4. Of ANTIOCH. Macarins was patriarch of
Bolland. Acta Sunctor, a. d. 2 Januar. ; Tillemont, Antioch in the seventh century. He held the
Mémoires, vol. viii. p. 626, &c.
picius was going as proconsul to Achaia, Cicero MACA'RIA (Makapia), a daughter of Heracles
wrote two letters to him in Lyso's favour, B. C. 47, by Deïaneira, from whom Zenobius derives the
in which he speaks of him in terms of great affec- proverb Báxi' és uakaplav, because she had put an
tion and gratitude (ibid. xiii. 19, 24). (W. A. G. ) end to herself. (Paus. i. 32. § 6; Zenob. Prov.
LYSON (Avowr), a statuary, who is mentioned ii. 61. )
[L. S. )
by Pliny among those who made “ athletas, et ar- MACA'RIUS (Makápios), a Spartan, was one
matos, et venatores, sacrificantesque" (H. N. xxxiv. of the three commanders of the Peloponnesian
8. 8. 19. § 34). His statue of the Athenian people force which was sent to aid the Aetolians in the
in the senate-house of the Five Hundred is men- reduction of Naupactus, B. C. 426, which however
tioned by Pausanias (i. 3. § 4). [P. S. ) was saved by Demosthenes with the aid of the
LYSUS (Alloos), a Macedonian statuary, who Acarnanians. Macarius took part in the expedi-
made the statue of Criannius, the Eleian, in the tion against Amphilochian Argos, in the same
Altis at Olympia. (Paus. vi. 17. § 1. ) [P. S. ) year, and was slain at the battle of Olpae. (Thuc.
LYTEʻŘIÚS (AUTTPLos), i. e. the Deliverer, a ii. 100—102, 105–109. )
(E. E. )
sumame of Pan, under which he had a sanctuary MACA'RIUS (Maxápios). 1. AEGYPTIUS, the
at Troezene, because he was believed during a EGYPTIAN. There were in the fourth century in
plague to have revealed in dreams the proper remedy Egypt two eminent ascetics and contemporaries,
against the disease. (Paus. ii. 35. § 5. ) [L. S. ] though probably not disciples of St. Antony, as is
LYTIERSES (Autiépons), another form of asserted by Rufinus, and perhaps by Theodoret.
Lityerses. (Theocr. x. 41. ) [LITSERSES. ] [ANTONIUS, No. 4, p. 217, b. ] Of these the
## p. 874 (#890) ############################################
874
MACARIUS.
MACARICS.
subject of the present article is generally distin-1 writinge published under the name of Macarius of
guished as the EGYPTIAN, sometimes as MAGNUS, Egypt are these : I. 'Ouría avevmatikal, Homi-
the Great, or as Major or SENIOR, the ELDER ; liae Spirituales. These homilies, so called, are fifty
while the other is described as Macarius of Alex- in number, of unequal length, and possibly inter-
andria. (No. 2. )
polated by a later hand. They are ascribed to our
Macarius the Egyptian was the elder of the two, Macarius on the authority of NSS. by Picus, Fabri-
and was born, according to Socrates, in Upper cius, Pritius, Tillemont, and Galland ; but his
Egypt. At the age of thirty he betook himself to authorship is denied by Possin, Dupin, Oudin, and
a solitary life. His place of retreat was the wil. Ceillier, though these are not agreed to whom to
derness of Scete or Scetis, a part of the great ascribe them. Cave hesitates between our Maca-
Lybian desert, which D'Anville places about 60 rius and his namesake of Alexandria (No. 2); but
miles, but Tillemont as much as 120 miles S. of on the whole is inclined to prefer the latter. The
Alexandria, a wretched spot, but on that account Homilice were first published by Joannes Picus, or
well suited to the purpose of the ascetics who occu- Pic, 8vo. Paris, 1559; a Latin version by the
pied it. Here Macarius, though yet a young nian, editor was separately published in the same or the
gave himself up to such austeritics as to acquire the next year. The Greek text, with a Latio version
title of taidapiorépwe," the aged youth. ” At forty by Palthenius, was again published at Frankfort,
years of age he was ordained a priest, and is suid 8vo. 1594 ; and the text and version were reprinted
to have received power to cast out evil spirits and from Picus with the works of Gregory Thauma-
to heal diseases, as well as the gift of prophecy ; uirglis (GREGORIUS THAUMATURGUS) and Basil
and many marvellous stories are related by his of Seleuceia [Basilius, No. 4), fol. Paris, 1021.
biographers, Palladius and Rufinus, of his cmploy: A revised edition of the Greek text, with the
ment of these supernatural qualifications. It was version of Palthenius, also revised, was published
qven reported that he had raised the dead in order by Jo. Georg. Pritius, 8vo. Leipzig, 1698, and
to convince an obstinate heretic, a Hieracite (Hie. again in 1714, and inay be regarded as the standard
Rax, No. 3), with whom he had a disputation : edition. A Latin version is given in the Biblio-
but this miracle was too great to be received implic-theca Patrum, vol. ii. ed. Paris, 1589; vol. iv, ed.
itly even by the credulity of Rufinus and Palla- Cologn. 1618; vol. iv. ed. Lyon, 1677. An Eng-
dius, who have recorded it only as a report. lish version, with learned and valuable notes, by
During the persecution which the orthodox a presbyter of the church of England” (Fabricius
suffered from Lucius, the Arian patriarch of Alex- calls him Thomas Haywood), was published 8vo.
andria (Lucius, No. 2) during the reign of the London, 1721. Some other homilies of Macarius
emperor Valens, Macarius was banished, together are extant in MS. II. Opuscula. The collection
with his namesake of Alexandria and other Egyp- so termed comprehends seven treatises, all short:
tian solitaries, to an island surrounded by marshes nepi Quraktis kapāías, De Custodia Cordis ; 2. Tepl
and inhabited only by heathens. He died at the TENEIÓTITOS év aveúuatı, De Perfectione in Spiritu ;
age of ninety; and as critics are generally agreed | 3. Slepi apogeuxîs, De Oratione ; 4. Slepi úrouovîts
in placing his death in A. v. 390 or 391, he must kal diarpioews, De Patientia et Discretione ; 5.
have been born about the beginning of the fourth nepi útvoews Toù voós, De Eleratione Mentis ; 6.
century, and have retired to the wilderness about Tepi ayarns, De Charitate ; 7. Teplémeudepias
He is canonized both by the Greek voós, De Libertate Mentis. These Opuscula were
and Latin churches ; his memory is celebrated by first published, with a Latin version, in the The-
the former on the 19th, by the latter on the 15th saurus Asceticus of Possin, 4to. Paris, 1684 ; a more
January. (Socrat. H. E. iv. 23, 24; Sozomen, correct edition both of the text and version was
H. E. iii
. 14, vi. 20; Theodoret, H. E. iv. 21; published by J. G. Pritius, 8vo. Leipzig, 1699 ;
Rufin. I. E. ii. 4 ; and apud Heribert Rosweyd, and again in 1714; and may be regarded as the
De Vita et Verbis Senior. ii. 28 ; Apophthegmata best edition. II. Apophthegmuta. These were
Patrum, apud Coteler. Eccles. Graec. Monum. vol. published partly by Possin in his Thesaurus Asce-
i. p. 524, &c. ; Pallad. Histor. Lausiuc. c. 19; ticus, and partly by Cotelerius in his Ecclesiae
Bolland, Acta Sunctor. a. d. 15 Januar. ; Tillemont, Gruecae Monumenta, vol. i. (4to. Paris, 1677),
Mémoires, vol. viii. p. 574, &c. ; Ceillier, Auteurs among the Apophthegmatu Patrum ; and were sub-
Sacrés, vol. vii. p. 709, &c. )
joined by Pritius to the Opuscula. An English
The writings of Macarius have been the subject version of the Opuscula and of some of the spoph-
of much discussion. Gennadius of Marseilles, our thegmata (those of Possin) was published by Mr.
earliest authority, says (De Viris Illustrib. c. 10) Granville Penn, 12mo. London, 1816, under the
that he wrote only a single Epistola or letter to his title of Institutes of Christian Perfection. All the
juniors in the ascetic life, in which he pointed out works of Macarius, with a Latin version, are given
to them the way of attaining Christian perfection in the Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland, vol. vii. fol.
Miraeus endeavours to identify this Epistola with Venice, 1770. A monastic rule to the compilation
the monastic rule, ascribed to one of the Macarii, of which our Macarius contributed is noticed below
and given in the Codex Regularum of St. Benedict in No. 2. A Latin version of some fragments of
of Anagni ; but which, with the letter which fol. other pieces is given in the Bibliotheca Conciona-
lows it, is rather to be ascribed to Macarius of toria of Combéfis ; and perhaps some pieces remain
Alexandria. The subject would lead us to identify in MS. beside the homilies already mentioned.
the Epistola mentioned by Gennadius with the (Tillemont and Ceillier, Il. cc.
; Pritius, Praefut, in
Opuscula mentioned below, especially as a cursory Macarii Opuscula ; Galland, Bill. Patrum Proleg.
citation by Michael Glycas in his Annales (Pars i. ad vol. vii. ; Oudin, De Scriptorib. Eccles. vol. i. col.
p. 105, ed. Paris, p. 81, ed. Venice, p. 199, ed. 474, seq. ; Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 373, vol. i. p.
Bonn) from “ the Epistles ( evěTIOTonais) of Maca- 256, ed. Oxford, 1740-1742 ; Fabric. Bibl. Gruec.
rius the Great" is found to bear some resemblance vol. viii. p. 361, &c. ; Penn, Pref. to the Institutes
to a passage in the fourth Opusculum, c. 2. The of Mucurius. )
A. D. 330.
## p. 875 (#891) ############################################
MACARIUS.
875
MACARIUS.
2. Of Alexandria, contemporary with the under the title of Regulie SS. Serapionis, lacuri,
foregoing, from whom he is distinguished by the Paphnutii et alterius Macarii; to which the first
epithet ALEXANDRINUS (ó 'Adetavapeús), or Poli of the two Macarii contributed capp. r-viii. , and
TICUS (10A1Tikós), i. e. Urbicus, and sonetimes the second (* alter Macarius") capp. xiii. -xvi.
JUNIOR, Palladius, who lived with him three Tilleniont and others consider these two Macarii
years, has given a tolerably long account of him in to be the Egyptian and the Alexandrian, and ap
his Historia Lausiaca, c. 20 ; but it chiefly consists parently with reason. The liegulu S. Vacurii,
of a record of his supposed miracles. lle was a which some have supposed to be the Epistola of
native of Alexandria where he followed the trade Macarius the Egyptian (No. 1) mentioned by
of a confectioner, and must not be confounded with Gennadius, is ascribed to the Alexandrian by S.
Macarius, the presbyter of Alexandria, who is men- Benedict of Anagni, Holstenius, Tillemont, Fabri-
tioned by Socrates (H. E. i. 27) and Sozomencius, and Galland. Cave hesitates to receive it as
(11. E. ii. 22), and who was accused of sacrilegious genuine. 11. Epistola B. Mucurii duta ad Mona-
violence towards Ischyrus [ATHANASIUs). Our chos
. A Latin version of this is subjoined to the
Macarius forsook his trade to follow a monastic Regula ; it is short and sententious in style. The
life, in which he attained such excellence, that Regula was first printed in the Historiu Monasterii
Palladius (ibid. c. 19) says that, though younger S. Joannis Rcomaensis (p. 24) of the Jesuit Roucrus
than Macarius the Egyptian, he surpassed cven him (Rouvière), 4to. Paris. 1637 ; and was reprinted
in the practice of asceticism. Neither the time together with the Epistola, in the Codex Regulurum
nor the occasion of his embracing a solitary life is of llolstenius (4to. Rome, 1661), and in the Biblio-
known, for the Macarius mentioned by Sozomen theca Putrum of Galland, vol. vii. fol. Venice,
(H. E. vi. 29) appears to be a different person. 1770. III. Tvů dylou Makaplov Toû 'Alejav-
Tillermont has endeavoured to show that his retire- δρέως λόγος περί εξόδου ψυχής δικαίων και αμαρ-
ment took place not later than A. D. 335, but the |τωλών: το πώς χωρίζονται εκ του σώματος, και
founds his calculation on a misconception of a TWS cioiv, Sancti Mucarii Alexandrini Sermo de
passage of Palladius.
Macarius was ordained Exitu Animac Justorum et Peccatorum : quomodo
priest after the Egyptian Macarius, i. e. after a. D. separuntur a Corpore, et in quo Statu manent.
340, and appears to have lived chiefly in that part This was printed, with a Latin version, by Cave
of the desert of Nitria which, from the number of (who, however, regarded it as the forgery of some
the solitaries who had their dwellings there, was later Greek writer), in the notice of Macarius in
termed “the Cells” (“ Cellae," or "Cellulae," td his Historia Litteraria ad ann. 373 (vol. i. fol.
Kendía); but frequently visited, perhaps for a time Lond. 1688, and Oxford, 1740—1742); and was
dwelt, in other parts of the great Lybian wilder- again printed, more correctly, by Tollins, in his
ness, and occasionally at least of the wilderness be- | Insignia Itineris Itulici, 4to. Utrecht, 1696. Tol
tween the Nile and the Red Sea. Galland says lius was not aware that it had been printed by
he became at length archimandrite of Nitria, but Cave. It is given, with the other works of Ma-
does not cite his authority, which was probably carius of Alexandria, in the Bibliotheca Putrum of
the MS. inscription to his Regula given below, and Galland. In one MS. at Vienna it is ascribed to
which is of little value. Philippus Sidetes calls Alexander, an ascetic and disciple of Macarius.
him a teacher and catechist of Alexandria, but Cave is disposed to ascribe to Macarius of Alex-
with what correctness seems very doubtful. Va- andria the Homiliae of Macarius the Egyptian
rious anecdotes recorded of him represent him as (No. 1). (Cave, l. c. ; Fabric. Bibl. Gruec. vol.
in company with the other Macarius (No. 1) and viii. p. 365 ; Holsten. Codex Regularum, vol. i.
with St. Antony. Many miracles are ascribed to pp. 10–14, 18—21, ed. Augsburg, 1759; Galland,
him, most of which are recorded by Palladius either Biblioth. Patr. Proleg. to vol. vii. ; Tillemont,
as having been seen by himself, or as resting on the Mémoires, vol. viii. pp. 618,648 ; Ceillier, Auteurs
authority of the saint's former companions, but they Sacrés, vol. vii. p. 712, &c. )
are frivolous and absurd. Macarius shared the 3. Of ANCYRA, of which city he was metropo-
exile of his namesake (No. 1) in the persecution litan. Macarius lived in the earlier part of the
which the Arians carried on against the orthodox. fifteenth century, and was author of a work against
He died, according to Tillemont's calculation, in the Latin church and its advocates, entitled Kard
Α. D. 394, but according to Fabricius, in A. D. 404, της των Λατίνων κακοδοξίας και κατά Βαρλαάμ
at the age of 100, in which case he must have been sal 'Akıvõúvov, Adversus Maligna Latinorum Dog-
nearly as old as Macarius the Egyptian. He is mata et contra Barlaam et Acindynum. The work
commemorated in the Roman Calendar on the 2d is extant only in MS. , but has been cited in several
January, and by the Greeks on the 19th January. places by Allatius in his De Eccles. Occident, et
Socrates describes him as characterized by cheerful-Orient. perpet. Consensione. Allatius characterizes
ness of temper and kindness to his juniors, qualities the work as trifling and full of absurdities ; but
which induced many of them to embrace an ascetic Cave considers that the citations given by Allatins
life. (Socrat. H. £. iv. 23, 24 ; Sozom. H. E. iii. himself by no means justify his censure. (Cave,
14, vi. 20; Theodoret. H. E. iv. 21; Rufin. H. E. Hist. Litt. ad ann. 1430; Fabricius, Bibl. Graec.
ii. 4; and apud Heribert Rosweyd, De Vita et vol. viii. p. 367. )
Verbis Senior. ii. 29 ; Pallad. Hist. Lausiac. c. 20; 4. Of ANTIOCH. Macarins was patriarch of
Bolland. Acta Sunctor, a. d. 2 Januar. ; Tillemont, Antioch in the seventh century. He held the
Mémoires, vol. viii. p. 626, &c.
