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## p. 147 (#123) ############################################

151
No. 4398, FEB. 10, 1912
THE ATHENÆUM
CONTENTS.
PAGE
CHARLES DICKENS
161
OLD IRISH LIFE. .
152
NAVAL STRATEGY
153
BISHOP ERNEST WILBERFORCE
154
LOCAL HISTORY (The Oak Book of Southampton; The
of the Thames)
155-156
66
66
. .
. .
Chateaubriand ; Life's Basis and Life's Ideal; The
157-158
SALE
158
OUR LIBRARY TABLE (In Dickens Street; Scott
158
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
159
LITERARY GOSSIP
164
SCIENCE AMERICAN PERMIAN VERTEBRATES ;
SOCIETIES; MEETINGS NEXT WEEK ; GOSSIP 166-168
FINE ARTS-HISTORICAL PORTRAITS; LA SOCIÉTÉ DU
DIX-HUITIÈME SIÈCLE ET SES PEINTRES; ENGLISH
PROVINCIAL PRINTERS TO 1557; THE SOCIETY OF
TWELVE, AND OTHER EXHIBITIONS ; PERSEPOLIS;
GOSSIP
168-170
NEXT WEEK
170-171
DRAMA-MEDEA ; THE DRONE, AND OTHER PLAYS ;
LE THÉATRE D'IBSEN ; GOSSIP
171-172
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
172
66
On
by a complaisant press as almost to be flattered myself that it was in repose.
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1912. tedious.
the other hand, I think that my habit of easy
The theatrical side of Dickens added has always refreshed and strengthened me
self-abstraction and withdrawal into fancies,
to his effectiveness as a man who saw
but you
in short intervals wonderfully. I always
himself always before the public, but seem to myself to have rested far more than
served to reduce his modesty, though the I have worked, and I do really believe that I
same remained as the crowning grace have some exceptional faculty of accumu-
of his greatness. He knew his powers, lating young feelings in short pauses, which
and used them to good purpose. Essen-
obliterates a quantity of wear and tear. ”
Story of Coventry; Lincoln Royal Charters ; Cam.
bridge under Queen Anne; Wifela's Combe; The tially he was a reformer and a democrat~ So the work goes on; one day he is
Manor and Township of Allerton; London North
a reformer with a brilliant and inexhaust-
abominably used up,” but quickly
FRENCH BOOKS AND GERMAN TRANSLATIONS (Le ible sense of humour, and a democrat from
restored to his usual beaming manner. '
Réalisme du Romantisme ; Nouvelles Études sur
early days with the power and position when he is writing · Little Dorrit,' there
Lay of the Nibelung Men)
to make himself heard. · These fortunate comes another confession : That won-
circumstances one might almost call derful man the writer thereof is in that
Originals; The Rise of the Novel of Manners) them paradoxes-made him a mighty state of weary excitement which is a
influence for good, and the keenness he part of him at such periods. "
To a
showed as a priest of humanity is ex- letter he sent from Birmingham in the
hibited as clearly in his work as an editor glow of one of his wonderful readings in
as anywhere. The novels reveal him, of 1867 Wills adds in pencil :-
course, as a pungent critic of the work-
“ This letter, so illustrative of one of the
house system, the delays of Chancery law,
and many another scandal sanctified by will — I think ought decidedly to be published
strong sides of C. D. 's character-powerful
MUSIC-W. A. MOZART; Gossip; PERFORMANCES long usage ; but here the humour and in justice to Forster and myself, who dis-
sentiment make the purpose less clear, suaded him from America-which killed
and there are obvious yieldings to the him eventually. "
desires of a spoilt public. In Household
Words and All the Year Round the reformer Dickens fully recognized the kindness
stands firm ; he is not to be bullied by he did not really need to make money so
and judgment of Wills's remonstrance ;
;
anybody; and he is seen training with
LITERATURE
elaborate care and tireless zeal a host of fast, but he would go ; the theatrical
young men to take up his work, the
element in him was not to be gainsaid.
raising up of those that are down, and Cables from America tell his friend of
the general improvement of our social the prodigious success. Illness and another
CHARLES DICKENS.
condition.
prodigy follow : we find the ready writer
in 1868 at a loss for a Christmas idea,
The papers which were reprinted in the
CHARLES DICKENS was born on February
“ National Edition" of his works show offering “ 1001. reward at Gad's to any.
·
7th, 1812, and the customary Centenary how many dark corners he illuminated";body who could suggest a notion to satisfy
celebration is now upon us, having, indeed, but this was but a small part of his work
The letters, as a whole, are, as we have
been anticipated last year by theatrical in Household Words and its successor.
enterprise. His fame was never more secure
Mr. Rudolph Lehmann has done well in said, too much concerned with the technical
than at the present time ; edition after showing the public the correspondence business of a literary editor to be easy to
edition of his works pours from the press; preserved by his great - uncle, William read, but here and there we find the in-
a whole cyclopædia of fact and conjecture, Henry Wills, Dickens's right-hand man imitable flashes of fancy and humour.
illustration and comment, has gathered for so many years of editorship. The Wills is credited with an entirely imaginary
round his text; new illustrators seek to letters in themselves, while doing infinite play, "The Larboard Fin'; Forster is
The Lincolnian Mammoth” with his
vary the traditional rendering of Phiz ; and credit to both men, are not easy to read,
that last and dubious consecration of a being generally confined to matters of special turn of patronizing speech ; and
classic--to be distorted to make a British business—the rejection of this article, the the nuisance of one of the vast army of
school task-has just been achieved with improvement of that; but they are a
mendicants is turned to fun :-
Pickwick. Since the publication of wonderful tribute to the energy, the tact
'
"A foreign gentleman-with a beard
Forster's 'Life' we are able to see some
and infinite resource of Dickens. Wills
name unknown, but signing himself 'A
points of Dickens's character and talent
was at once a delightful and admirable Fellow Man,' and dating from nowhere
in clearer perspective, though critical assistant, and he could not have had a declined, twice yesterday, to leave this house
study of the master has not been abundant, much more exigent chief in the matter for any less consideration than the insignifi-
'I
and has, indeed, beon resented by those of punctuality and dispatch," of that cant one of twenty pounds. " I have had
a policeman waiting for him all day. "
who point to him as an undoubted genius, brightness so easy to him, and that per-
with the corollary that genius can do petual discovery of the apt which is the The struggle with those whose inten-
nothing wrong. The superior person may ideal of the journalist. But, as editor, tions were much better than their English
call him a Philistine of genius, and there Dickens would allow no writing down leads to some strong language ; but we
is enough truth in the description to to any part of his audience: “I always do not doubt that it was deserved. We
suggest a reason for his immense influence. hold that to be as great a mistake as only wish that the press of to-day showed
Later consideration has revealed the fact can be made. ” Who can wonder that anything like the same zeal for lucidity
that Dickens might have been, or was, amid all these incessant labours, with and the proper use of our mother tongue.
a great actor.
We need not regret the his big novels on his hands as well, he Mr. Lehmann has done his editing with
partial suppression of that side of him; found even his indefatigable spirit re- care, and is able to correct the dates pre-
We have so many of them nowadays, and duced to a state of nogoism” and viously ascribed to several letters. The
their achievements are so bolstered up
“used-up-ed-ness” ?
He was restless, story is made coherent by introductions,
like little boy kept up late at night, but much of the detail remains unex-
Editor. By P. C.
as Mr. G. K. Chesterton has well said, plained, and was not worth going into.
Lehmann. (Smith, Elder & Co. )
and we have this revealing confession of Some of the matter, such as the brief
Characters from Dickens : a Portfolio of 20
his temperament :
biographies of well-known journalists,
Vandyck' Gravures from the Drawings by
seems to us to imply a low standard of
B. W. Matz. (Chapman & Hall. )
With an Introduction by faculties last, and (if I know myself) have a public knowledge. Évery one is familiar
The Dickensian, 1911. (Chapman & Hall. )
certain something in me that would still be by this time with the cause of the dissension
Thackerav. An
active in rusting and corroding me, if I' between Dickens and
me.
a
<
66
a
Charles Dickens
as
66
F. G. Leuin.


## p. 148 (#124) ############################################

152
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4398, FEB. 10, 1912
>
L
1
i
hinch.
15
1
GG
the other hand, the average reader may
when Miss Callwell comes to describe
like to be reminded of a charming book,
Old Irish
her own memories of Ross, the seat of her
James Payn’s ‘Some Literary Recollec-
Life. By J. M. Callwell:
family, that she attains a very high level.
(Blackwood & Sons. )
tions,' and the story of the proceeds of a
Her experience is certainly ample, since
first article in Household Words being
she recollects the great storm of 1839 and
converted into a Berkshire pig, which In this most entertaining volume Miss the havoc it wrought in the West. She
was meant as a gift for a Devonshire Callwell, whom we had credited with omits, however, one curious effect, of
tutor, but ran away at Bristol. We notice belonging to the other sex, gives us a
which she may be glad to hear from us.
the discovery of Sala and Wilkie Collins, picture of what Galway was in the days from that day on, we used to be told,
and the immense zest with which details of its greatness and its decay ; she also fairies became extremely scarce. They
of the theatre were arranged. Alas! the gives us sketches of the peregrinations of was all blew away in the great storum,
Guild of Literature and Art failed, and two observers through Ireland in the
as we have often heard it expressed.
Bulwer Lytton's play Not so Bad as later eighteenth century. Their books are
She tells us, among many characteristic
well known to students of Irish social stories, one of a poor woman who refused
We Seem' was, as somebody said, not so
good as it ought to be.
history, but not to the general reader, who
to employ a doctor to visit her dying
Of Wills himself and his wife, great teresting. Lastly, she supplies from the penny she had to give her good man na
will therefore find them new, and very in- husband. She said she required every
in Scottish humour, the Preface offers store of her own memories delightful things I decent wake. We can quote a Northern
some pleasant glimpses. There were differ- about the life in Galway sixty years ago, parallel, where a man prayed his squire
ences, of course, between him and his
chief, in the most serious of which, con-
and the doings of her grandfather, Martin
to come and see his wife, who was danger-
cerning R. H. Horne, Wills seems to us
of Ross, and her cousin, Martin of Ballyna- ously ill. The squire refused on the
.
distinctly in the right; but the friendship Connaught more than Lord Clanricarde could nor dared prescribe for her. But
The latter was the king of Western ground that he was no doctor, and neither
which speedily grew up between them was
unclouded to the end, and we cannot doubt
was in Eastern Galway, and was the finest he urged the man to send for the local
specimen in his day of the virtues and
that the affection of Dickens was fully follies of the Irish gentry, all of whom had physician. The answer was, "No! if
deserved. There are portraits of Dickens, English blood in their veins, to which doctor”; and he added piously, after a
you won't come to see her, I 'll send for no
Wills, Wilkie Collins, and Thackeray, they owed most of their daring. There pause, “’If the Lord wants her, He must
distorted praise of the Charterhouse; and
is no question that the tribes of Galway
have her. ” The real motive was doubt-
there is a good Index.
were all English settlers, yet were there
less the same in both cases sordid
any people more typically Irish, in the economy, but the contrast in the ex-
The twenty Vandyck gravures which
popular sense ?
represent Mr. Lewin's ideas of 'Characters
cuse well illustrates the contrasts of race
from Dickens' are well reproduced, and a
The only part of the book which we will and creed, which we could develope at
notable addition to illustrations of the criticize is the chapter on the Penal
length, if there were space for such a
novels. Mr. Lewin swells the protest Laws,' in which the author, going beyond
digression.
against the excessively fantastic quality of her own experience, has, we think, been The later chapters of the book supply
Phiz, and, though his drawings are un- misled by the current views of national-
a great number of these good stories,
equal, most of them are decidedly good. istic authors. Even Lecky was carried
some very old, but many to us new, and
Pickwick remains as he was ; his figure is away by their dissimulation. ” No doubt told in such a way that the Irish reader
fixed for ever ; but we applaud the novel the text of the Penal Laws, mostly copied feels himself taking part in a bright con-
conceptions of Mr. Squeers, the Fat Boy, from Louis XIV. 's Règles against the versation, to which he longs to contribute
and Silas Wegg, as well as the courage Huguenots, was horribly tyrannous. But his share. The author tells us, for ex:
which makes Little Nell something less there is ample evidence that they were ample, of a weary fox-hunter startled
than a beauty. Sydney Carton is ex- almost a dead letter, and that people from his slumbers in an inn by some
cessively sentimental, and hardly worn have to hunt for cases in which their fumbling about his head, and finding
enough in the face. The related figures injustice was put in practice. A good a
with a knife standing over
in the background are slightly, but effec- proof of this is the fact that the same him :-
tively sketched.
story has done such yeoman's duty, and
Mr. Matz introduces the drawings in is repeated in all the books on the subject. “ 'I'm sorry to be disturbin' ye, sir,' was
a proper spirit of enthusiasm, and points It is concerned with a Catholic gentleman the apology, but, sạre, the house was out
out the lasting vitality of Dickens's whose fine pair of horses were claimed by of pillows intirely, an' we put a side of bacon
honor's head. I was just con-
conceptions. The generic term " a fat a Protestant as being worth more than 51. thrivin to get a few rashers off for, the
boy” recalls, he remarks, " the one and each, the result being that the owner shot quality's breakfast without disturbin' ye,
only fat boy who matters at all. ” We them rather than submit to such spolia- when ye woke. "
may add that in this case Nature has tion. It appears again in the present book,
plagiarized from Dickens. Kent has to- but reduced to a one - horse affair. The Has the venerable author heard of another
day a man who was a famous fat boy of of the actors in the tragedy we
occasion on which a waiter disturbed a
Gargantuan proportions.
have never found mentioned, and it was weary man, and told him it was time to
It is fitting that we should close our
evidently thought as great an outrage get up, to which he strongly objected ?
then as it would be now.
notice
with a reference
to The Dickensian, to see the horror of the tale reduced this stairs to have breakfast, and ye must get
We are glad
“ But the gentlemen is waitin' down-
for which Mr. Matz is also responsible. time.
Among the features of interest in last Catholic gentlemen in those days who without me?
There were certainly scores of
Why must I ? Can't they go on
year's volume are an article by Mr. E. J. owned good horses, and even took part in don't want their
I don't know them, and
Hardy on Yorkshire Schools' (one of the the horse - races so fashionable in the leave me alone. ” “Ah, don't ye know
company. Go
few cases in which a search for the Ireland of 1740-80; and it is now shown on that it 's the tablecloth ye are sleepin' on,
original” is legitimate) ; a letter, the unbiased evidence of strangers, who and we can't do without it? ”
hitherto, we believe, unpublished—from knew all about these Penal Laws, that
Dickens to Mr. J. S. Herbert, reporting the most prosperous district of Ireland
One old story is spoilt here in the telling.
dishonesty on the part of a ticket-collector
on the North Kent line ; and · Some Notes Roman Catholics.
was one almost exclusively occupied by It is that of the innkeeper whose wine
was so excellent that he was knighted by a
on Plagiarism,' by Mr. J. Cuming Walters.
drunken Lord Lieutenant who spent the
Mr. Walters seeks to show that Reade,
But we pass willingly from this slight night there. In the morning the man
in chap. xxviii. of 'Put Yourself in his and natural flaw in a book not pro- was sent for and asked to regard it as
Place,' was plagiarizing from Dickens's fessedly historical, yet presenting a picture mere frolic, to which he replied that he
* Poor Man's Tale of a Patent. '
of a social life gone by for ever. It is was quite ready to do so, “but that her
man
a
under
79
1
names
up. ”
away, and
6
-
66


## p. 149 (#125) ############################################

THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4398, FEB. 10, 1912
153
66
66
war
we
a
un-
(6
we
Here, he rightly says,
Ladyship would not hear of it. ” According
we touch the
to Miss Callwell he said : I must consult
NAVAL STRATEGY.
secret of England's success against Powers
my wife on the matter,” and her reply is
We congratulate ourselves on the good so greatly superior to herself in military
tben given.
fortune which brought us nearly at the strength"-a secret first penetrated by
in
When we read about the splendours of
same time essays by Mr. Corbett and
aphorism,
old Galway, we cannot but regret that Capt. Mahan, the two men who may
,
the author did not tell us more of St.
be called the official exponents of naval
* He that commands the sea is at great
Nicholas's Church, which is one of the
strategy in their respective countries liberty, and may take as much or as little of
few old churches still in use in Ireland.
Great Britain and the United States ;
the war as he will, whereas those that be
The south aisle, for example, is about and the more so as from the difference
strongest by land are many times never-
theless in great straits. "
12 ft. wider than either the nave or north of their positions
the one
a civilian
aisle, which is surely most exceptional; (a barrister), the other a naval officer The full meaning of this, Mr. Corbett
and there are among the tombs of the they approach their subject from thinks, remained hidden to many, till
-
tribes at least one of great beauty, and different directions, and have treated Clausewitz, blundering in the dark,
several of much interest. The architecture it on different lines ; so that we have stumbled across it, but did not live to
of the streets, where the great stone the interest of watching how, by different know what it was. "To the end," he
mansions of the merchants are falling routes, they arrive at results essentially says, it would seem that Clausewitz
to pieces, shows a style quite peculiar, the same. They are, to begin with,
which is well worth a monograph by a entirely at one in holding war by sea as
was unaware that he had found an expla-
nation of one
specialist. According to Miss Callwell, much a chapter of war as war by land ; problems in history
of the most inscrutable
the expansion of
or rather her authorities, Galway was and if Mr. Corbett treats of it as such at England, at least so far as it has been due
ruined suddenly and completely by its greater length and with greater emphasis to successful war. That a small country
capture by Cromwellians, who turned out than Capt. Mahan, it is perhaps because with a weak army should have been able
the tribes, occupied the city, burnt stair. he is writing for a people which-rooted to gather to herself the most desirable
cases and panellings, and left it a mass of though it is in maritime power-applies regions of the earth, and to gather them at
ruins. If this be all true, it is again the
the expense
term
only to the Army; is a paradox to which such Powers find it
something curiously exceptional, for it the Secretary for War deals with the hard to be reconciled. The phenomenon
was never the policy of Cromwell to Army only, and the War Office directs seemed always a matter of chance an
destroy the trade of a thriving city, and of the administration of the Army. Thus, accident without any foundation in the
one that did not resist his army, or cause while Capt. Mahan devotes himself essential constants of war. It remained
him loss. But Irish history is so full of to establishing the equality of the ad- for Clausewitz, unknown to himself, to dis-
fables convenues that venture
to
vantage which
force has when oper- to us in the inherent strength of limited
cover that explanation, and he reveals it
suspend our judgment till we hear the ating on internal lines, whether by sea or
war, when means and conditions are favour-
matter critically discussed by an land, Mr. Corbett introduces his subjectable for its use. ”
biased historian.
with the remark that
We have spoken of the length and
Mr. Corbett is perhaps attributing too
are accustomed. . . . from lack of a
quantity of the author's experience. Not scientific habit of thought, to speak of naval It may have been such to Continental
much weight to Clausewitz's discovery.
less valuable is the quality of it, for she strategy and military strategy as though
comes from a family which has main- they were distinct branches of knowledge Powers, but it was certainly known to
tained itself in spite of all the vicissitudes which had no common ground. The theory Clive and Pitt the best part of a hundred
of landlords, and still owns the old of war reveals that, embracing them both, years before Clausewitz wrote ; and
Georgian house at Ross. Robert Martin, feet and army as one weapon, which co-
there is a larger strategy which regards the since to them, it was also, we may as-
a famous wit (often called Ballyhooley), ordinates their action and indicates the lines
sume, known to many others—to all,
lived and died in his mansion, and what
indeed, to whom it was of importance or
on which each must move to realise the full
his immediate relations can do is well power of both. ”
interest, though they may not have given
known to the public in “The Recollections
it the technical names which are now at
of an Irish R. M. ' In the wild society
He is thus led on to illustrate the peculiar Mr. Corbett's service. By whatever name
around them, and taking part in it strength of the two arms--sword, and it is called, however, the advantage is
,
all, this branch of the Martins survived buckler, perhaps, rather than
one very real, and has been practically known
and still survives. Any one who knows weapon ”-acting in unison in what has by the English for more than 300 years.
Galway will appreciate a certain force which has been, in the main, to the Japan in her recent war against Russia
been happily called “amphibious war, Something of the same kind was held by
to
How does it come that co. Galway has
advantage of Great Britain, and is for the possession of Korea. That the
the smallest percentage of lunatics in almost unknown to foreign nations. It material strength of Russia was enorm-
“My dear sir, you must reflect is, primarily, that “where the geographical ſously greater than that of Japan was
that in a population where everybody is conditions are favourable, we are able by manifest
partially insane, it is not easy to pick of force our army will have to deal with
the use of our navy to restrict the amount
“So manifest that everywhere upon the
out the patients. ”
;
There were tragedies too, and the book been able
and secondly, that we have frequently Continent, where the overthrow of your
enemy was regarded as the only admissible
ends with one of the most affecting.
form of war, the action of the Japanese in
“to establish ourselves in the territorial resorting to hostilities was regarded as
Martin of Ballynahinch, after a wild and object before our opponent can gather madness. Only in England, with her tra-
reckless life, died in 1847, at the very strength to prevent us. . . . 80
that the dition and instinct for what an island Power
crisis of the great famine, leaving an only enemy. . . . must conform to our opening may achieve by the lower means,
daughter, heiress of 200,000 acres-the by endeavouring to turn us out. ”
Japan considered to have any reasonable
vast country beyond Lough Corrib. His
chance of success. "
debts were still vaster, and his creditors, Some Principles of Maritime Strategy. By
swooping down upon his property, sold
Julian S. Corbett. (Longmans & Co. )
The position was, in fact, somewhat
similar to that of the Allies in respect of
everything and left the great heiress a Naval Strategy compared and contrasted with the Crimea in 1854-5, but more favourable,
beggar, in the dolorous time when every the Principles and Practice of Military
one was full of his own troubles.
She
as there was no danger of a counterstroke,
Operations on Land. By Capt. A. T. such as compelled England and France
actually went as an emigrant among the
Mahan. (Sampson Low & Co. )
to keep a powerful fleet in the Baltic.
starving poor to America, where she The Betrayal : being a Record of. Facts
died forgotten and unknown.
concerning Naval Policy and Administra- It was thus that the earlier stages of the
tion from the Year 1902 to the Present Time, war were entirely to the gain of Japan ;
By Admiral Lord Charles Beresford. (P. S. when she afterwards lost sight of the
King & Son. )
advantage of limiting the terrain, and, by
6
Ireland ?
>
was


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140
No. 4397, FEB. 3, 1912
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