After
two years in Williams College he left it, and
turned his attention to law.
two years in Williams College he left it, and
turned his attention to law.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
*
Brown, David Paul. An American lawyer,
playwright, and author; born in Philadelphia,
Pa. , Sept. 28, 1795; died there, July 11, 1872.
He was admitted to the bar in 1816. Among
his works are: (Sertorius,' a tragedy (1830);
(Love and Honor,' a farce. He also wrote
(The Forum, or Forty Years' Full Practice at
the Philadelphia Bar) (1856).
Brown, Emma Elizabeth. An American
biographical writer; born in New Hampshire
in 1847. She is a resident of Newton, Mass.
Her works include popular lives of Washing-
ton, Garfield, Holmes, and Lowell; and among
other volumes : ( The Child Toilers of Boston
Streets) (1878); “True Manliness) (1880).
Brown, Frances. An Irish poet; born in
Stranorlar, County Donegal, Ireland, in 1816.
She is called (The Blind Poetess of Ulster,
and is known by (The Star of Attéghéi and
Other Poems) (London, 1844), and Lyrics and
Miscellaneous Poems) (1847).
Brown, John. A Scotch essayist; born at
Biggar, 1810; died 1882. He practiced media
cine in Edinburgh. Whatever his pen touched
it adorned. The objects of his affection were
homely landscapes, old-fashioned people, the
departed, children, and dogs. Humor and pa-
thos tinged all he wrote. The story of Rab,
the dog, and that of Marjorie Fleming, the
child, will live long in English literature.
Three volumes contain all his writings : Horæ
Subsecivæ) (2 vols. ), and John Leech and
Other Papers. *
Brown, Oliver Madox. An English author
and artist; born in Finchley, Jan. 20, 1855; died
in London, Nov. 5, 1874. He inherited great
talent for painting from his father, Ford Madox
Brown (1821-93), and at an early age exhibited
remarkable water-colors. Although he died
young, his literary work, including stories and
poems, is valued for its imaginative power.
His Literary Remains) (London, 1876) con-
tain his story (The Black Swan,' originally
published as (Gabriel Denver) (1873), and a
sonnet to his memory by Dante Gabriel Ros-
setti. See J. H. Ingram, "O. M. Brown' (Lon-
don, 1883).
Brown, T. E. An English poet; born 18—;
died 1897. He was a clergyman of the Church
of England, and had made a special study of
manners and people in the Isle of Man, where
he was stationed. His poems comprised nar-
ratives in tne Manx dialect, and personal lyrics
and elegiacs. The most notable are: Betsy
Lee); Fo'c's'le Yarns); (The Manx Witch';
and (The Doctor.
Browne, Charles Farrar. (“Artemus Ward. ”)
An American humorist; born at Waterford,
Me. , April 26, 1834; died at Southampton, Eng-
land, March 6, 1867. He is most celebrated for
the collections of humor called “Artemus Ward,
his Book) (1862); (Artemus Ward, his Tray-
els) (1863? ). His productions were widely
quoted, and his popularity as a lecturer was
very great. In 1866 he visited England on a
lecture tour, and contributed to Punch. *
Browne, Irving. An American lawyer, edi.
tor, and author; born in Marshall, Oneida
County, N. Y. , Sept. 14, 1835. In 1857 he grad-
uated from the Albany Law School and prac-
ticed in Troy. In 1879 he became editor of
the Albany Law Journal. His works include:
(Humorous Phases of the Law) (1876); "Law
and Lawyers in Literature (1883); “The Ele-
ments of Criminal Law. !
Browne, John Ross. An Irish-American
traveler and author; born in Ireland in 1817;
died in Oakland, Cal. , Dec. 9, 1875. He came
when a child to the United States. His chief
works are: (Etchings of a Whaling Cruise,
with Notes of a Sojourn on the Island of Zan-
zibar) (1846); (Yusef, or the Journey of the
Fragi: a Crusade in the East) (1853); (The
Land of Thor) (1866); and Adventures in the
Apache Country) (1869).
Browne, Junius Henri. An American jour.
nalist; born at Seneca Falls, N. Y. , in 1833.
He is a resident of New York city. Among his
works are: (Four Years in Secessia) (1865);
(The Great Metropolis, a Mirror of New York)
(1869); (Sights and Sensations in Europe)
(1872).
Browne, Sir Thomas. An English anti-
quary and physician (1605-82); born in Lon-
don. After receiving an academic and a
professional (medical) education in England,
he visited the Continent and took the degree
M. D. at Leyden. He was knighted by Charles
## p. 79 (#95) ##############################################
BROWNE - BROWNSON
79
:
(
II. His principal work is Religio Medici
(1642), a liberal confession of faith for that
day. Four years later he published a treatise
on (Vulgar Errors,' directed against the cur-
rent superstitions of his contemporaries. Urn
Burial appeared in 1658. After his death a
collection of his fugitive pieces was published;
and this was followed by Christian Morals,'
a collection of aphorisms. *
Browne, Thomas Alexander. See Boldre-
wood.
Browne, William. An English poet; born
in Tavistock, Devonshire, in 1591; died in
Ottery St. Mary, about 1643- He was edu-
cated at Oxford, and spent a quiet, tranquil
life. His poetry is graceful and fanciful, and
abounds in beautiful pictures of English scen-
ery. Browne has always been much admired
by the poets. His chief work is (Britannia's
Pastorals) (1613-16). "The Shepherd's Pipe!
(1614) is a collection of eclogues, and (The
Inner Temple Masque) (1614-15) tells the
story of Ulysses and Circe. His minor poems
are very fine. The best modern editions are
by Hazlitt for the Roxburghe Club, and by
Gordon Goodwin, "The Muse's Library. *
Brownell, Henry Howard. An American
poet and writer of historical sketches; born at
Providence, R. I. , Feb. 6, 1820; died at East
Hartford, Conn. , Oct. 31, 1872. His first poetic
venture was a spirited versification of Farra-
gut's General Orders) to the feet below New
Orleans. Afterward he was appointed to an
honorary place on the Hartford flagship, and
had opportunity to observe actual naval war-
fare. In 'The Bay Fight) he describes with
truth and force the battle of Mobile Bay. He
collected and published his many occasional
verses in Lyrics of a Day, or Newspaper
Poetry by a Volunteer in the U. S. Service)
(1864). *
Brownell, William Crary. An American
essayist and critic; born in New York city,
Aug. 30, 1851. He graduated from Amherst, and
has devoted himself to critical and editorial
work in New York. He is editor of Scribner's
Magazine, and has written : (French Traits :
an Essay on Comparative Criticism (1889);
French Art' (1892); and Newport' (1896).
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. An English
poet; born in Durham, March 6, 1809; died in
Florence, June 30, 1861. She was the daughter
of an English country gentleman, Edward
Moulton, who took the name of Barrett. In
September 1846 she married Robert Browning.
Her chief poems are: “The Seraphim) (1838);
"Romaunt of the Page) (1839); (The Drama
of Exile (1844); A Vision of Poets) (1844);
(The Cry of the Children' (1844); "Casa
Guidi Windows) (1851); (Aurora Leigh' (1856),
in a measure autobiographical. Her poem
Lady Geraldine's Courtship contains a strik-
ing characterization of the poetry of Browning.
Her 'Sonnets from the Portuguese) are among
the noblest of love-poems. The Romance
of the Swan's Nest); the Rhyme of the
Duchess May); the Romaunt of Margret';
(Bertha in the Lane); and (Isobel's Child. are
romantic and original ballads. (Prometheus
Bound, a metrical translation of Æschylus,
was published in 1850. *
Browning, Robert. An English poet; born
in Camberwell, May 7, 1812; died in Venice,
Dec. 12, 1889. His first dramatic poem, Paul-
ine, which appeared anonymously in 1833, was
followed two years later by Paracelsus);
(Strafford) (1837); (Sordello) (1840); and a
series of plays and dramatic lyrics under the
title of (Bells and Pomegranates) (1841-46).
This collection included: Pippa Passes);
(King Victor and King Charles); (Colombe's
Birthday); (The Return of the Druses); 'A
Blot on the 'Scutcheon); Luria); and (A
Soul's Tragedy. In 1846 he married Eliza-
beth Barrett, and resided in Florence until her
death in 1861, when he returned to London;
but much of the latter part of his life was
spent in Italy. (The Ring and the Book) was
published in 1869. His other works include:
Christmas Eve and Easter Day) (1850); (Men
and Women) (1855); Dramatis Persone)
(1864); (Balaustion's Adventure (1871); (Fi-
fine at the Fair) (1872); (Red-Cotton Night-
cap Country) (1873); Dramatic Idylls) (1879-
80); Jocoseria) (1883); Ferishtah's Fancies)
(1884); and (Parleyings with Certain People
of Importance in their Dav) (1887). The 'Com-
plete Poetic and Dramatic Works: Cambridge
Edition) are published in I vol. by Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. ; the (Complete Works) (1897),
edited by Augustine Birrell, in 2 vols. , are pub-
lished by the Macmillan Company. *
Brownlow, William Gannaway. ("Parson
Brownlow. ")) An American politician, journal-
ist, and author; born in Wythe County, Va. ,
Aug. 29, 1805; died in Knoxville, Tenn. , April
29, 1877. During his early career he was an itin-
erant preacher, editor, and lecturer. He was a
Union champion during the Civil War, and
banished 'from the Confederate lines on that
ground. In 1865 he was elected governor of
Tennessee, and was re-elected in 1867. He was
U. S. Senator from 1869 to 1875. Among his
works are: (The Great Iron Wheel Exam-
ined) (1858); (Sketches of the Rise, Progress,
and Decline of Secession) (1862).
Brownson, Orestes Augustus. An American
author; born in Stockbridge, Vt. , Sept. 16, 1803;
died in Detroit, Mich. , April 17, 1876. His early
education was slight. Originally a Presbyte-
rian, he became a Universalist minister, after-
ward a Unitarian, and finally a Roman Cath-
olic. He was an ardent champion of popular
rights, and advocated a mild form of socialism.
His greatest work was the establishment and
editorship of the Boston Quarterly Review
(1838–43) and Brownson's Review (1844-64 and
1873-75). Of his extensive works, the best
known are : (The Convert, or Leaves from my
Experience) (1857); and (The American Re-
pub its Consti ion, Tendencies, and Des-
tiny) (1865). *
0
## p. 80 (#96) ##############################################
80
BRUCE – BUCHANAN
Bruce, Wallace. An American lecturer and
poet; born in Hillsdale, Columbia County,
N. Y. , Nov. 10, 1844. He is a prominent lecturer
on literary subjects. Among his works are :
(The Land of Burns) (1879); (From the Hud-
son to the Yosemite (1884); "Wayside Poems);
Here's a Hand.
Brun, Friederike Sophie Christiane (brön).
A German poet and writer of travels (1765-
1835); born (Miinter) at Gräfentonna in the
district of Gotha. She traveled extensively
through Switzerland, southern France, Italy, and
other countries, and came into personal acquaint-
ance with many of the foremost personages
of her day; Johann von Müller, Matthisson,
Necker, Angelica Kauffmann, Mme. de Staël,
etc.
Her books of travel were held in very
high esteem. She published three small vol-
umes of Poems'; and “Truth from Morning
Dreams and Ida's Æsthetic Development,' con-
taining reminiscences of her early years.
Brunetière, Ferdinand (brün-tyår'). A dis-
tinguished French critic; born in Toulon, July
19, 1849. He is the editor of the Revue
des Deux Mondes) and became a member of
the French Academy, 1893. In criticism he in-
clines to the idealist as opposed to the natural-
ist school. His principal works are: History
and Literature) (1884, 3 vols. ) ; (The Naturalist
Romance) (1883); “Essays on Contemporary
Literature (1892); 'Epochs of the French The-
atre) (1892). *
Bruni, Leonardo (brö'nē), surnamed Are-
tino. A noted Italian humanist; born at
Arezzo, 1369; died in Florence, March 9, 1444.
Ile forsook the study of jurisprudence to de-
vote himself wholly to the ancient classics ;
was secretary to four popes from 1404 to 1415,
but then resigned, to write the history of Flor-
ence (in 10 books). In reward he was made
chancellor of Florence. His principal service
to the cause of letters was in translations of
Aristotle, Plato, Plutarch, Demosthenes, into
Latin. He wrote a Latin comedy. His Epis-
tles) are of value for the history of his time.
Bruno, Giordano (brö'no). A renowned Ital-
ian philosopher; born at Nola, near Naples,
Italy, 1548; burned at the stake in Rome, Feb.
17, 1600, charged with heresy. His best-known
works are: Ash-Wednesday Conversations);
(The Work of the Great Key); “The Explor-
ation of the Thirty Seals); (The Taper);
(Expulsion of the Triumphant Beast); (The
Heroic Enthusiasts); and a great number of
other writings in prose and verse. *
Brush, Mrs. Christine (Chaplin). An
American artist and novelist; born in Bangor,
Me. , in 1842; died in 1892. She was a resident
of Brooklyn. Her chief work, (The Colonel's
Opera Cloak,' a novel, was published anony-
mously in 1879. She also wrote two stories:
Inside our Gates); (One Summer's Lessons
in Perspective.
Bryant, William Cullen. An American
poet; born in Cummington, Mass. , Nov. 3,
1794; died in New York, June 12, 1878.
After
two years in Williams College he left it, and
turned his attention to law. But in early youth
he produced (Thanatopsis,' and some of his
best lyrics, - 'To a Waterfowl, (The Yellow
Violet, etc. , - which were the opening of a
high literary career. His longest poem, “The
Ages,' was recited at Harvard in 1821. In 1829
he became editor-in-chief of the New York
Evening Post. His books include: Letters of a
Traveler (1855); "Letters from Spain (1859);
(Letters from the East) (1869); and a Popular
History of the United States,' with S. H. Gay
(4 vols. , 1878-82). His Poems) appeared in
New York in 1832, and Washington Irving
reprinted them in London, where they went
through several editions. This book was fol-
lowed by (The Fountain and Other Poems)
(1842) and (The White-Footed Deer and Other
Poems) (1844). His first complete edition was
issued in Philadelphia in 1846. In his old age
Bryant began a translation of the “Iliad' and
(Odyssey) in blank verse; and his last great
poem was (The Flood of Years,' a noble pend-
ant to “Thanatopsis. Among his poems that
have become popular favorites are: the Forest
Hymn); (The West Wind); (June); Death of
the Flowers); and (Hymn to Death. ' *
Bryce, James. An Irish historian; born in
Belfast, May 10, 1838. After graduating at Ox-
ford in 1862, he studied at Heidelberg, and sub-
sequently practiced law in London. From 1870
till 1893 he was regius professor of civil law in
Oxford, and has had a distinguished political
He has supported Home Rule, city
reforms, and international copyright. His chief
works are: (The Holy Roman Empire) (1864);
(Transcaucasia and Ararat) (1877); and (The
American Commonwealth) (1888). *
Bryce, Lloyd. An American editor and nov.
elist ; born in Long Island, N. Y. , in 1852. He
was editor of the North American Review
from 1889 to 1896. His works are : (Paradise);
(A Dream of Conquest); (The Romance of
an Alter Ego); (Friends in Exile.
Bube, Adolf (bö’ba). A German poet (1802-
73); born at Gotha. He published two vol.
umes of miscellaneous Poems, characterized
by sincere feeling for nature. He compiled
several volumes of Popular Legends, espe-
cially of Thuringia, which he rendered in verse.
Buchanan, Robert Williams. An English
author; born in Warwickshire, Aug. 18, 1841.
He received his education in Glasgow, and
while young went to London to engage in lit-
erature. His attack upon Dante Gabriel Ros-
setti drew a famous letter from that poet on
(The Stealthy School of Criticism, and a
scathing pamphlet from Swinburne, Under
the Microscope) (1872). His poems include:
(Undertones) (1863); "Idylls and Legends of
Inverburn) (1865); London Poems, his best
effort (1866); (North Coast Poems) (1867);
Napoleon Fallen : a Lyrical Drama) (1871);
(The Drama of Kings) (1871); (Ballads of
Love, Life, and Humor) (1882); and (The City
career.
## p. 81 (#97) ##############################################
BUCHEZ- BULFINCH
81
:
of Dreams) (1888). His best novels are: (The
Shadow of the Sword? (1876); (A Child of
Nature (1879); "God and the Man) (1881);
(The Martyrdom of Madeline) (1882); and
(Foxglove Manor) (1884). Buchanan has also
written successful plays. His poems have been
collected (3 vols. , London, 1874).
Buchez, Philippe Benjamin Joseph (bü-
shā'). A French annalist and physician; born
in Mortagne, Ardennes, March 31, 1796; died
at Rhodez, Aveyron, Aug. 12, 1865. With
Roux-Lavergne he projected the Parliament-
ary History of the French Revolution) (40
vols. , 1833-38), a work of inestimable utility.
Büchner, Alexander (büch'ner). A German
critic and historian of literature, brother of
Georg B. ; born at Darmstadt, Oct. 25, 1827.
He became professor of foreign literatures at
Caen, France, in 1862. He wrote in German :
(French Literary Portraits) (2 vols. , 1858), and
two novels, (Chatterton' and Lord Byron's
Last Love) (1862); among his writings in
French are: (The Comedies of Shakespeare);
"Hamlet the Dane.
Büchner, Georg (büch'ner). A German
poet; born near Darmstadt, Oct. 17, 1813; died
Feb. 19, 1837. He studied natural science and
medicine in the universities of Strasburg and
Giessen. In 1834 he entered the political arena
with a manifesto entitled (The Rural Mes-
senger,' and bearing the motto “Peace to the
cabin, war to the palace. ) To escape arrest
he fled to Strasburg, where he studied the phi-
losophies of Descartes and Spinoza. He was
preparing to open a course of lectures in Zürich
when he died. He wrote a drama in 1834 on
(The Death of Danton,' the work of a genu-
ine but undisciplined poet. His (Complete
Works, with biography, were published in 1879.
Büchner, Luise. A German poet and novel.
ist (1821-77), sister of Georg. Her first pub-
lication, "Women and their Calling (1855), was
followed by many others on the (I woman's-
rights question”; it commanded much atten-
tion, and reached a fifth edition (1883). She
wrote a volume of tales, (From Life) (1861);
(Poet-Voices of Home and Foreign Lands);
several original poems, 'Woman's Heart); some
(Christmas Stories'; etc.
Buck, Dudley. An American organist, com-
poser, and author; born in Hartford, Conn. ,
March 10, 1839. He is organist of the Church
of the Holy Trinity, Brooklyn, N. Y. Aside
from several cantatas, he has written two books:
"A Dictionary of Musical Terms) and a work
on the Influence of the Organ in History)
(1882).
Buckland, Francis Trevelyan. An Eng-
lish naturalist; born at Oxford, Dec. 17, 1826;
died Dec. 19, 1880. His preferences were for
practical science; and after retiring from his
piace as surgeon to the Second Life Guards he
founded the journal Land and Water, of which
he was editor. He was an authority on fish-
culture, and as such was consulted by foreign
governments. He was a resolute opponent of
Darwinism. Besides his works on fish-culture,
he wrote: (Log-Book of a Fisherman and
Zoologist) (1876); Notes and Jottings on
Animal Life) (1882); (Curiosities of Natural
History. *
Buckle, Henry Thomas. An English his-
torian; born in Lee, Kent, Nov. 24, 1821 ; died
in Damascus, May 29, 1862. A self-educated
man, he is known for his great work (The
History of Civilization in England) (2 vols. ,
1857-61). His (Miscellaneous and Posthumous
Works) were edited by Helen Taylor (Lon-
don, 1872); new ed. by Grant Allen, 1880. *
Buckley, James Monroe. An American cler.
gyman; born in Rahway, N. J. , Dec. 16, 1836.
In 1858 he entered the ministry in the Meth-
odist Church. Since 1881 he has been the edi-
tor of the Christian Advocate. Among his
works are: (Two Weeks in the Yosemite Val-
ley) (1872); (Oats or Wild Oats) (1885); (The
Land of the Czar and the Nihilist) (1886);
( Travels in Three Continents.
Buckstone, John Baldwin. An English
dramatist; born in Hoxton, London, Sept. 14,
1802; died in Sydenham, near London, Oct. 31,
1879. From 1823 to 1853 he was a well-known
London actor ; he became manager of the
Haymarket Theatre, and produced nearly 200
plays, which were all successful, largely owing
to his knowledge of stage effect and humor.
Among the best are: (The Wreck Ashore);
(Victorine); (Green Bushes); “The Flowers of
the Forest); (Married Life); "Leap Year);
(Second Thoughts); and Nicholas Flam. '
Büdinger, Max (bü-ding-er). A German
historian; born in Cassel, April 1, 1828. He
has exerted great influence among the univer-
sities; the most admired of his books being
on Austrian History) (1858; the work coming
down to the mediæval period only), and (King
Richard III. of England) (1858).
Buel, Clarence Clough. An American edi.
tor and author; born at Laona, Chautauqua
County, N. Y. , July 29, 1850. He was connected
with the New York Tribune from 1875 to 1881,
when he joined the staff of the Century Mag-
azine; and in 1883, in conjunction with Rob-
ert Underwood Johnson, he began the editing
of the celebrated Century War Articles,
which were afterwards expanded into the
notable (Battles and Leaders of the Civil
War) (1887).
Buffon, George Louis le Clerc, Comte de
(bü-fön'). A famous French naturalist; born
at Montbard, Sept. 7, 1707; died April 16, 1788.
His Natural History) widely popularized the
study of zoology and of nature in general,
owing to the author's luminous and attractive
style and his very plausible generalizations; it
was translated into nearly all the languages of
Europe. The definitive edition of ihis (Gen-
eral and Particular Natural History) is in 36
volumes (1749-88). *
Bulfinch, Thomas. An American author;
born in Boston, Mass. , July 15, 1796; died there,
6
## p. 82 (#98) ##############################################
82
BÜLOW – BUNGE
May 27, 1867. He graduated from Harvard
University in 1814. Although engaged in busi-
ness, he managed to devote considerable time
to literature. Among his best-known works
are : (The Age of Fable' (1855); (Age of
Chivalry) (1858); Legends of Charlemagne)
(1864); (Oregon and Eldorado) (1866).
Bülow, Bertha von. See Arnold, Hans.
(
Bülow, Karl Eduard von (bü'lő). A Ger-
man story-teller (1803-53); born at Berg vor
Eilenburg in Saxony. His literary fame rests
mainly on his Book of Tales,' after ancient
Italian, Spanish, French, English, Latin, and
German originals (4 vols. , 1834-36), which was
followed by a supplementary volume. Of his
own original compositions, the (Springtide
Wandering among the Harz Mountains) is
one of the best. He wrote also the very in-
teresting story of (The Youth of a Poor Man
of Toggenburg,' founded on the autobiography
of Ulrich Brüker, a Swiss weaver. He pub-
lished the original later.
Bülow, Margarete von. A German novelist
(1860-85); born in Berlin. She wrote four vol-
umes of stories, viz. : (Stories) (1885); Jonas
Briccius) (1886); (Chronicle of the Riffels.
hausen Folks); and (New Stories. She de-
lineated character with great precision, and
showed true insight into the human heart. She
lost her life in an attempt to rescue a boy
from drowning
Buloz, François (bü-lo). A French pub-
licist (1803-77); born at Bulbens in Haute-
Savoie. He founded the great French review,
Revue des Deux Mondes (1831), and was its
editor for 40 years. He wrote little, but his
(Letters and Memoirs) are of great value for
the history of French letters in his time.
Bulthaupt, Heinrich Alfred (bölt'houpt).
A German poet and dramatist; born at Bre-
men, Oct. 26, 1849. On quitting the university
he was for a while a private tutor; then he
traveled in the East, in Greece, and in Italy.
He was a lawyer in his native town for some
years, and in 1879 became custodian of the
city library. Of his dramatic compositions the
list is very long, comprising tragedies : (Saul,
(A Corsican Tragedy); plays dealing with the
questions of the time: (The Workmen. ); com-
edies; comic operas; etc. He has also written
a work, already of high authority, on (Dra-
maturgy of the Theatre) (3 vols. ); also (Dra-
maturgy of the Opera) (2 vols. ).
Bulwer, Henry Lytton Earle (Lord Dal-
ling). An English author and diplomatist,
brother of Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton; born
Feb. 13, 1801; died in Naples, May 23, 1872.
He was minister to Madrid in 1843; in 1849
had a diplomatic mission to Washington, and
was one of the negotiators of the Clayton-
Bulwer treaty; was ambassador to Turkey
1858-65. Among his works are: (An Au-
tumn in Greece) (1826); (France, Social, Lit-
erary, and Political) (1834-36); and Life of
Byron) (1835).
Bulwer-Lytton, Edward, Lord Lytton. An
English novelist, playwright, and poet; born in
London, May 25, 1803; died in Torquay, Jan.
18, 1873. He was the son of Gen, Earle Bul.
wer and Elizabeth B. Lytton, heiress of Kneb-
worth, to whose estates he succeeded in 1844
and assumed the surname of Lytton. In 1847,
and again in 1852, he sat in Parliament; and
in 1858-59 was colonial secretary, during which
he called into existence the colonies of British
Columbia and Queensland. In 1866 he was
raised to the peerage as Baron Lytton. Al-
together his works exceed sixty in number,
and fill 110 volumes. His novels display great
versatility, range of power, power of handling
psychological and social problems, variety of
incident and portraiture; and many are based
on romantic and occult themes. Among the
most famous are : (Falkland (1827); (Pelham)
(1828); Devereux) (1829); Paul Clifford
(1830); (Eugene Aram) (1832); (Godolphin
(1833); Pilgrims of the Rhine) (1834); "Last
Days of Pompeii (1834); "Rienzi! (1837);
(Ernest Maltravers) (1837); (Alice, or the
Mysteries) (1838); Last of the Barons)
(1843); “Harold' (1843); (The Caxtons) (1850);
My Novel (1853); “What Will He Do with
It? ) (1859); (A Strange Story) (1862); (The
Coming Race) (1871); Kenelm Chillingly)
(1873); and “The Parisians) (1873). Three
of his dramas — «The Lady of Lyons) (1838);
(Richelieu) (1838); and Money) (1848) - still
hold the stage. *
Bunce, Oliver Bell. An American publisher
and writer; born in New York city, in 1828;
died there, May 15, 1890. At an early age he
became connected with the publishing business
in New York. Among his books are: (Ro-
mance of the Revolution (1852); A Bache-
lor's Story) (1859); Don't: a Manual of Mis-
takes and Improprieties) (1883); (My House)
(1884); and (Adventures of Timias Terrystone,
a novel (1885).
Bundy, Jonas Mills. An American joumal.
ist and author; born in Columbia, N. H. , in
1835; died in Paris, France, Sept. 8, 1891. He
gained experience in journalism in the West,
and served in the Civil War. He was editor
of the New York Mail and Express, and wrote
"Life of Garfield (1880).
Bungay, George Washington. An Ameri.
can journalist and poet; born in Walsingham,
England, July 22, 1818; died July 10, 1892.
He came to this country in 1827. For some
time he was connected with the New York
Tribune. He was employed in the Custom
House from 1873 to 1877. Among his numer-
ous poems the best known is (The Creed of
the Bells. His other works include: Abraham
Lincoln Songster'; (Pen Portraits of Illustri.
ous Abstainers) (1881).
Bunge, Rudolf (böng'a). A German poet;
born at Köthen, March 27, 1836. Among his
works are a volume of his collected short
poems, Flowers) (1854); a tragedy, "The
Duke of Courland (1871); a cycle of five
## p.
Brown, David Paul. An American lawyer,
playwright, and author; born in Philadelphia,
Pa. , Sept. 28, 1795; died there, July 11, 1872.
He was admitted to the bar in 1816. Among
his works are: (Sertorius,' a tragedy (1830);
(Love and Honor,' a farce. He also wrote
(The Forum, or Forty Years' Full Practice at
the Philadelphia Bar) (1856).
Brown, Emma Elizabeth. An American
biographical writer; born in New Hampshire
in 1847. She is a resident of Newton, Mass.
Her works include popular lives of Washing-
ton, Garfield, Holmes, and Lowell; and among
other volumes : ( The Child Toilers of Boston
Streets) (1878); “True Manliness) (1880).
Brown, Frances. An Irish poet; born in
Stranorlar, County Donegal, Ireland, in 1816.
She is called (The Blind Poetess of Ulster,
and is known by (The Star of Attéghéi and
Other Poems) (London, 1844), and Lyrics and
Miscellaneous Poems) (1847).
Brown, John. A Scotch essayist; born at
Biggar, 1810; died 1882. He practiced media
cine in Edinburgh. Whatever his pen touched
it adorned. The objects of his affection were
homely landscapes, old-fashioned people, the
departed, children, and dogs. Humor and pa-
thos tinged all he wrote. The story of Rab,
the dog, and that of Marjorie Fleming, the
child, will live long in English literature.
Three volumes contain all his writings : Horæ
Subsecivæ) (2 vols. ), and John Leech and
Other Papers. *
Brown, Oliver Madox. An English author
and artist; born in Finchley, Jan. 20, 1855; died
in London, Nov. 5, 1874. He inherited great
talent for painting from his father, Ford Madox
Brown (1821-93), and at an early age exhibited
remarkable water-colors. Although he died
young, his literary work, including stories and
poems, is valued for its imaginative power.
His Literary Remains) (London, 1876) con-
tain his story (The Black Swan,' originally
published as (Gabriel Denver) (1873), and a
sonnet to his memory by Dante Gabriel Ros-
setti. See J. H. Ingram, "O. M. Brown' (Lon-
don, 1883).
Brown, T. E. An English poet; born 18—;
died 1897. He was a clergyman of the Church
of England, and had made a special study of
manners and people in the Isle of Man, where
he was stationed. His poems comprised nar-
ratives in tne Manx dialect, and personal lyrics
and elegiacs. The most notable are: Betsy
Lee); Fo'c's'le Yarns); (The Manx Witch';
and (The Doctor.
Browne, Charles Farrar. (“Artemus Ward. ”)
An American humorist; born at Waterford,
Me. , April 26, 1834; died at Southampton, Eng-
land, March 6, 1867. He is most celebrated for
the collections of humor called “Artemus Ward,
his Book) (1862); (Artemus Ward, his Tray-
els) (1863? ). His productions were widely
quoted, and his popularity as a lecturer was
very great. In 1866 he visited England on a
lecture tour, and contributed to Punch. *
Browne, Irving. An American lawyer, edi.
tor, and author; born in Marshall, Oneida
County, N. Y. , Sept. 14, 1835. In 1857 he grad-
uated from the Albany Law School and prac-
ticed in Troy. In 1879 he became editor of
the Albany Law Journal. His works include:
(Humorous Phases of the Law) (1876); "Law
and Lawyers in Literature (1883); “The Ele-
ments of Criminal Law. !
Browne, John Ross. An Irish-American
traveler and author; born in Ireland in 1817;
died in Oakland, Cal. , Dec. 9, 1875. He came
when a child to the United States. His chief
works are: (Etchings of a Whaling Cruise,
with Notes of a Sojourn on the Island of Zan-
zibar) (1846); (Yusef, or the Journey of the
Fragi: a Crusade in the East) (1853); (The
Land of Thor) (1866); and Adventures in the
Apache Country) (1869).
Browne, Junius Henri. An American jour.
nalist; born at Seneca Falls, N. Y. , in 1833.
He is a resident of New York city. Among his
works are: (Four Years in Secessia) (1865);
(The Great Metropolis, a Mirror of New York)
(1869); (Sights and Sensations in Europe)
(1872).
Browne, Sir Thomas. An English anti-
quary and physician (1605-82); born in Lon-
don. After receiving an academic and a
professional (medical) education in England,
he visited the Continent and took the degree
M. D. at Leyden. He was knighted by Charles
## p. 79 (#95) ##############################################
BROWNE - BROWNSON
79
:
(
II. His principal work is Religio Medici
(1642), a liberal confession of faith for that
day. Four years later he published a treatise
on (Vulgar Errors,' directed against the cur-
rent superstitions of his contemporaries. Urn
Burial appeared in 1658. After his death a
collection of his fugitive pieces was published;
and this was followed by Christian Morals,'
a collection of aphorisms. *
Browne, Thomas Alexander. See Boldre-
wood.
Browne, William. An English poet; born
in Tavistock, Devonshire, in 1591; died in
Ottery St. Mary, about 1643- He was edu-
cated at Oxford, and spent a quiet, tranquil
life. His poetry is graceful and fanciful, and
abounds in beautiful pictures of English scen-
ery. Browne has always been much admired
by the poets. His chief work is (Britannia's
Pastorals) (1613-16). "The Shepherd's Pipe!
(1614) is a collection of eclogues, and (The
Inner Temple Masque) (1614-15) tells the
story of Ulysses and Circe. His minor poems
are very fine. The best modern editions are
by Hazlitt for the Roxburghe Club, and by
Gordon Goodwin, "The Muse's Library. *
Brownell, Henry Howard. An American
poet and writer of historical sketches; born at
Providence, R. I. , Feb. 6, 1820; died at East
Hartford, Conn. , Oct. 31, 1872. His first poetic
venture was a spirited versification of Farra-
gut's General Orders) to the feet below New
Orleans. Afterward he was appointed to an
honorary place on the Hartford flagship, and
had opportunity to observe actual naval war-
fare. In 'The Bay Fight) he describes with
truth and force the battle of Mobile Bay. He
collected and published his many occasional
verses in Lyrics of a Day, or Newspaper
Poetry by a Volunteer in the U. S. Service)
(1864). *
Brownell, William Crary. An American
essayist and critic; born in New York city,
Aug. 30, 1851. He graduated from Amherst, and
has devoted himself to critical and editorial
work in New York. He is editor of Scribner's
Magazine, and has written : (French Traits :
an Essay on Comparative Criticism (1889);
French Art' (1892); and Newport' (1896).
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. An English
poet; born in Durham, March 6, 1809; died in
Florence, June 30, 1861. She was the daughter
of an English country gentleman, Edward
Moulton, who took the name of Barrett. In
September 1846 she married Robert Browning.
Her chief poems are: “The Seraphim) (1838);
"Romaunt of the Page) (1839); (The Drama
of Exile (1844); A Vision of Poets) (1844);
(The Cry of the Children' (1844); "Casa
Guidi Windows) (1851); (Aurora Leigh' (1856),
in a measure autobiographical. Her poem
Lady Geraldine's Courtship contains a strik-
ing characterization of the poetry of Browning.
Her 'Sonnets from the Portuguese) are among
the noblest of love-poems. The Romance
of the Swan's Nest); the Rhyme of the
Duchess May); the Romaunt of Margret';
(Bertha in the Lane); and (Isobel's Child. are
romantic and original ballads. (Prometheus
Bound, a metrical translation of Æschylus,
was published in 1850. *
Browning, Robert. An English poet; born
in Camberwell, May 7, 1812; died in Venice,
Dec. 12, 1889. His first dramatic poem, Paul-
ine, which appeared anonymously in 1833, was
followed two years later by Paracelsus);
(Strafford) (1837); (Sordello) (1840); and a
series of plays and dramatic lyrics under the
title of (Bells and Pomegranates) (1841-46).
This collection included: Pippa Passes);
(King Victor and King Charles); (Colombe's
Birthday); (The Return of the Druses); 'A
Blot on the 'Scutcheon); Luria); and (A
Soul's Tragedy. In 1846 he married Eliza-
beth Barrett, and resided in Florence until her
death in 1861, when he returned to London;
but much of the latter part of his life was
spent in Italy. (The Ring and the Book) was
published in 1869. His other works include:
Christmas Eve and Easter Day) (1850); (Men
and Women) (1855); Dramatis Persone)
(1864); (Balaustion's Adventure (1871); (Fi-
fine at the Fair) (1872); (Red-Cotton Night-
cap Country) (1873); Dramatic Idylls) (1879-
80); Jocoseria) (1883); Ferishtah's Fancies)
(1884); and (Parleyings with Certain People
of Importance in their Dav) (1887). The 'Com-
plete Poetic and Dramatic Works: Cambridge
Edition) are published in I vol. by Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. ; the (Complete Works) (1897),
edited by Augustine Birrell, in 2 vols. , are pub-
lished by the Macmillan Company. *
Brownlow, William Gannaway. ("Parson
Brownlow. ")) An American politician, journal-
ist, and author; born in Wythe County, Va. ,
Aug. 29, 1805; died in Knoxville, Tenn. , April
29, 1877. During his early career he was an itin-
erant preacher, editor, and lecturer. He was a
Union champion during the Civil War, and
banished 'from the Confederate lines on that
ground. In 1865 he was elected governor of
Tennessee, and was re-elected in 1867. He was
U. S. Senator from 1869 to 1875. Among his
works are: (The Great Iron Wheel Exam-
ined) (1858); (Sketches of the Rise, Progress,
and Decline of Secession) (1862).
Brownson, Orestes Augustus. An American
author; born in Stockbridge, Vt. , Sept. 16, 1803;
died in Detroit, Mich. , April 17, 1876. His early
education was slight. Originally a Presbyte-
rian, he became a Universalist minister, after-
ward a Unitarian, and finally a Roman Cath-
olic. He was an ardent champion of popular
rights, and advocated a mild form of socialism.
His greatest work was the establishment and
editorship of the Boston Quarterly Review
(1838–43) and Brownson's Review (1844-64 and
1873-75). Of his extensive works, the best
known are : (The Convert, or Leaves from my
Experience) (1857); and (The American Re-
pub its Consti ion, Tendencies, and Des-
tiny) (1865). *
0
## p. 80 (#96) ##############################################
80
BRUCE – BUCHANAN
Bruce, Wallace. An American lecturer and
poet; born in Hillsdale, Columbia County,
N. Y. , Nov. 10, 1844. He is a prominent lecturer
on literary subjects. Among his works are :
(The Land of Burns) (1879); (From the Hud-
son to the Yosemite (1884); "Wayside Poems);
Here's a Hand.
Brun, Friederike Sophie Christiane (brön).
A German poet and writer of travels (1765-
1835); born (Miinter) at Gräfentonna in the
district of Gotha. She traveled extensively
through Switzerland, southern France, Italy, and
other countries, and came into personal acquaint-
ance with many of the foremost personages
of her day; Johann von Müller, Matthisson,
Necker, Angelica Kauffmann, Mme. de Staël,
etc.
Her books of travel were held in very
high esteem. She published three small vol-
umes of Poems'; and “Truth from Morning
Dreams and Ida's Æsthetic Development,' con-
taining reminiscences of her early years.
Brunetière, Ferdinand (brün-tyår'). A dis-
tinguished French critic; born in Toulon, July
19, 1849. He is the editor of the Revue
des Deux Mondes) and became a member of
the French Academy, 1893. In criticism he in-
clines to the idealist as opposed to the natural-
ist school. His principal works are: History
and Literature) (1884, 3 vols. ) ; (The Naturalist
Romance) (1883); “Essays on Contemporary
Literature (1892); 'Epochs of the French The-
atre) (1892). *
Bruni, Leonardo (brö'nē), surnamed Are-
tino. A noted Italian humanist; born at
Arezzo, 1369; died in Florence, March 9, 1444.
Ile forsook the study of jurisprudence to de-
vote himself wholly to the ancient classics ;
was secretary to four popes from 1404 to 1415,
but then resigned, to write the history of Flor-
ence (in 10 books). In reward he was made
chancellor of Florence. His principal service
to the cause of letters was in translations of
Aristotle, Plato, Plutarch, Demosthenes, into
Latin. He wrote a Latin comedy. His Epis-
tles) are of value for the history of his time.
Bruno, Giordano (brö'no). A renowned Ital-
ian philosopher; born at Nola, near Naples,
Italy, 1548; burned at the stake in Rome, Feb.
17, 1600, charged with heresy. His best-known
works are: Ash-Wednesday Conversations);
(The Work of the Great Key); “The Explor-
ation of the Thirty Seals); (The Taper);
(Expulsion of the Triumphant Beast); (The
Heroic Enthusiasts); and a great number of
other writings in prose and verse. *
Brush, Mrs. Christine (Chaplin). An
American artist and novelist; born in Bangor,
Me. , in 1842; died in 1892. She was a resident
of Brooklyn. Her chief work, (The Colonel's
Opera Cloak,' a novel, was published anony-
mously in 1879. She also wrote two stories:
Inside our Gates); (One Summer's Lessons
in Perspective.
Bryant, William Cullen. An American
poet; born in Cummington, Mass. , Nov. 3,
1794; died in New York, June 12, 1878.
After
two years in Williams College he left it, and
turned his attention to law. But in early youth
he produced (Thanatopsis,' and some of his
best lyrics, - 'To a Waterfowl, (The Yellow
Violet, etc. , - which were the opening of a
high literary career. His longest poem, “The
Ages,' was recited at Harvard in 1821. In 1829
he became editor-in-chief of the New York
Evening Post. His books include: Letters of a
Traveler (1855); "Letters from Spain (1859);
(Letters from the East) (1869); and a Popular
History of the United States,' with S. H. Gay
(4 vols. , 1878-82). His Poems) appeared in
New York in 1832, and Washington Irving
reprinted them in London, where they went
through several editions. This book was fol-
lowed by (The Fountain and Other Poems)
(1842) and (The White-Footed Deer and Other
Poems) (1844). His first complete edition was
issued in Philadelphia in 1846. In his old age
Bryant began a translation of the “Iliad' and
(Odyssey) in blank verse; and his last great
poem was (The Flood of Years,' a noble pend-
ant to “Thanatopsis. Among his poems that
have become popular favorites are: the Forest
Hymn); (The West Wind); (June); Death of
the Flowers); and (Hymn to Death. ' *
Bryce, James. An Irish historian; born in
Belfast, May 10, 1838. After graduating at Ox-
ford in 1862, he studied at Heidelberg, and sub-
sequently practiced law in London. From 1870
till 1893 he was regius professor of civil law in
Oxford, and has had a distinguished political
He has supported Home Rule, city
reforms, and international copyright. His chief
works are: (The Holy Roman Empire) (1864);
(Transcaucasia and Ararat) (1877); and (The
American Commonwealth) (1888). *
Bryce, Lloyd. An American editor and nov.
elist ; born in Long Island, N. Y. , in 1852. He
was editor of the North American Review
from 1889 to 1896. His works are : (Paradise);
(A Dream of Conquest); (The Romance of
an Alter Ego); (Friends in Exile.
Bube, Adolf (bö’ba). A German poet (1802-
73); born at Gotha. He published two vol.
umes of miscellaneous Poems, characterized
by sincere feeling for nature. He compiled
several volumes of Popular Legends, espe-
cially of Thuringia, which he rendered in verse.
Buchanan, Robert Williams. An English
author; born in Warwickshire, Aug. 18, 1841.
He received his education in Glasgow, and
while young went to London to engage in lit-
erature. His attack upon Dante Gabriel Ros-
setti drew a famous letter from that poet on
(The Stealthy School of Criticism, and a
scathing pamphlet from Swinburne, Under
the Microscope) (1872). His poems include:
(Undertones) (1863); "Idylls and Legends of
Inverburn) (1865); London Poems, his best
effort (1866); (North Coast Poems) (1867);
Napoleon Fallen : a Lyrical Drama) (1871);
(The Drama of Kings) (1871); (Ballads of
Love, Life, and Humor) (1882); and (The City
career.
## p. 81 (#97) ##############################################
BUCHEZ- BULFINCH
81
:
of Dreams) (1888). His best novels are: (The
Shadow of the Sword? (1876); (A Child of
Nature (1879); "God and the Man) (1881);
(The Martyrdom of Madeline) (1882); and
(Foxglove Manor) (1884). Buchanan has also
written successful plays. His poems have been
collected (3 vols. , London, 1874).
Buchez, Philippe Benjamin Joseph (bü-
shā'). A French annalist and physician; born
in Mortagne, Ardennes, March 31, 1796; died
at Rhodez, Aveyron, Aug. 12, 1865. With
Roux-Lavergne he projected the Parliament-
ary History of the French Revolution) (40
vols. , 1833-38), a work of inestimable utility.
Büchner, Alexander (büch'ner). A German
critic and historian of literature, brother of
Georg B. ; born at Darmstadt, Oct. 25, 1827.
He became professor of foreign literatures at
Caen, France, in 1862. He wrote in German :
(French Literary Portraits) (2 vols. , 1858), and
two novels, (Chatterton' and Lord Byron's
Last Love) (1862); among his writings in
French are: (The Comedies of Shakespeare);
"Hamlet the Dane.
Büchner, Georg (büch'ner). A German
poet; born near Darmstadt, Oct. 17, 1813; died
Feb. 19, 1837. He studied natural science and
medicine in the universities of Strasburg and
Giessen. In 1834 he entered the political arena
with a manifesto entitled (The Rural Mes-
senger,' and bearing the motto “Peace to the
cabin, war to the palace. ) To escape arrest
he fled to Strasburg, where he studied the phi-
losophies of Descartes and Spinoza. He was
preparing to open a course of lectures in Zürich
when he died. He wrote a drama in 1834 on
(The Death of Danton,' the work of a genu-
ine but undisciplined poet. His (Complete
Works, with biography, were published in 1879.
Büchner, Luise. A German poet and novel.
ist (1821-77), sister of Georg. Her first pub-
lication, "Women and their Calling (1855), was
followed by many others on the (I woman's-
rights question”; it commanded much atten-
tion, and reached a fifth edition (1883). She
wrote a volume of tales, (From Life) (1861);
(Poet-Voices of Home and Foreign Lands);
several original poems, 'Woman's Heart); some
(Christmas Stories'; etc.
Buck, Dudley. An American organist, com-
poser, and author; born in Hartford, Conn. ,
March 10, 1839. He is organist of the Church
of the Holy Trinity, Brooklyn, N. Y. Aside
from several cantatas, he has written two books:
"A Dictionary of Musical Terms) and a work
on the Influence of the Organ in History)
(1882).
Buckland, Francis Trevelyan. An Eng-
lish naturalist; born at Oxford, Dec. 17, 1826;
died Dec. 19, 1880. His preferences were for
practical science; and after retiring from his
piace as surgeon to the Second Life Guards he
founded the journal Land and Water, of which
he was editor. He was an authority on fish-
culture, and as such was consulted by foreign
governments. He was a resolute opponent of
Darwinism. Besides his works on fish-culture,
he wrote: (Log-Book of a Fisherman and
Zoologist) (1876); Notes and Jottings on
Animal Life) (1882); (Curiosities of Natural
History. *
Buckle, Henry Thomas. An English his-
torian; born in Lee, Kent, Nov. 24, 1821 ; died
in Damascus, May 29, 1862. A self-educated
man, he is known for his great work (The
History of Civilization in England) (2 vols. ,
1857-61). His (Miscellaneous and Posthumous
Works) were edited by Helen Taylor (Lon-
don, 1872); new ed. by Grant Allen, 1880. *
Buckley, James Monroe. An American cler.
gyman; born in Rahway, N. J. , Dec. 16, 1836.
In 1858 he entered the ministry in the Meth-
odist Church. Since 1881 he has been the edi-
tor of the Christian Advocate. Among his
works are: (Two Weeks in the Yosemite Val-
ley) (1872); (Oats or Wild Oats) (1885); (The
Land of the Czar and the Nihilist) (1886);
( Travels in Three Continents.
Buckstone, John Baldwin. An English
dramatist; born in Hoxton, London, Sept. 14,
1802; died in Sydenham, near London, Oct. 31,
1879. From 1823 to 1853 he was a well-known
London actor ; he became manager of the
Haymarket Theatre, and produced nearly 200
plays, which were all successful, largely owing
to his knowledge of stage effect and humor.
Among the best are: (The Wreck Ashore);
(Victorine); (Green Bushes); “The Flowers of
the Forest); (Married Life); "Leap Year);
(Second Thoughts); and Nicholas Flam. '
Büdinger, Max (bü-ding-er). A German
historian; born in Cassel, April 1, 1828. He
has exerted great influence among the univer-
sities; the most admired of his books being
on Austrian History) (1858; the work coming
down to the mediæval period only), and (King
Richard III. of England) (1858).
Buel, Clarence Clough. An American edi.
tor and author; born at Laona, Chautauqua
County, N. Y. , July 29, 1850. He was connected
with the New York Tribune from 1875 to 1881,
when he joined the staff of the Century Mag-
azine; and in 1883, in conjunction with Rob-
ert Underwood Johnson, he began the editing
of the celebrated Century War Articles,
which were afterwards expanded into the
notable (Battles and Leaders of the Civil
War) (1887).
Buffon, George Louis le Clerc, Comte de
(bü-fön'). A famous French naturalist; born
at Montbard, Sept. 7, 1707; died April 16, 1788.
His Natural History) widely popularized the
study of zoology and of nature in general,
owing to the author's luminous and attractive
style and his very plausible generalizations; it
was translated into nearly all the languages of
Europe. The definitive edition of ihis (Gen-
eral and Particular Natural History) is in 36
volumes (1749-88). *
Bulfinch, Thomas. An American author;
born in Boston, Mass. , July 15, 1796; died there,
6
## p. 82 (#98) ##############################################
82
BÜLOW – BUNGE
May 27, 1867. He graduated from Harvard
University in 1814. Although engaged in busi-
ness, he managed to devote considerable time
to literature. Among his best-known works
are : (The Age of Fable' (1855); (Age of
Chivalry) (1858); Legends of Charlemagne)
(1864); (Oregon and Eldorado) (1866).
Bülow, Bertha von. See Arnold, Hans.
(
Bülow, Karl Eduard von (bü'lő). A Ger-
man story-teller (1803-53); born at Berg vor
Eilenburg in Saxony. His literary fame rests
mainly on his Book of Tales,' after ancient
Italian, Spanish, French, English, Latin, and
German originals (4 vols. , 1834-36), which was
followed by a supplementary volume. Of his
own original compositions, the (Springtide
Wandering among the Harz Mountains) is
one of the best. He wrote also the very in-
teresting story of (The Youth of a Poor Man
of Toggenburg,' founded on the autobiography
of Ulrich Brüker, a Swiss weaver. He pub-
lished the original later.
Bülow, Margarete von. A German novelist
(1860-85); born in Berlin. She wrote four vol-
umes of stories, viz. : (Stories) (1885); Jonas
Briccius) (1886); (Chronicle of the Riffels.
hausen Folks); and (New Stories. She de-
lineated character with great precision, and
showed true insight into the human heart. She
lost her life in an attempt to rescue a boy
from drowning
Buloz, François (bü-lo). A French pub-
licist (1803-77); born at Bulbens in Haute-
Savoie. He founded the great French review,
Revue des Deux Mondes (1831), and was its
editor for 40 years. He wrote little, but his
(Letters and Memoirs) are of great value for
the history of French letters in his time.
Bulthaupt, Heinrich Alfred (bölt'houpt).
A German poet and dramatist; born at Bre-
men, Oct. 26, 1849. On quitting the university
he was for a while a private tutor; then he
traveled in the East, in Greece, and in Italy.
He was a lawyer in his native town for some
years, and in 1879 became custodian of the
city library. Of his dramatic compositions the
list is very long, comprising tragedies : (Saul,
(A Corsican Tragedy); plays dealing with the
questions of the time: (The Workmen. ); com-
edies; comic operas; etc. He has also written
a work, already of high authority, on (Dra-
maturgy of the Theatre) (3 vols. ); also (Dra-
maturgy of the Opera) (2 vols. ).
Bulwer, Henry Lytton Earle (Lord Dal-
ling). An English author and diplomatist,
brother of Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton; born
Feb. 13, 1801; died in Naples, May 23, 1872.
He was minister to Madrid in 1843; in 1849
had a diplomatic mission to Washington, and
was one of the negotiators of the Clayton-
Bulwer treaty; was ambassador to Turkey
1858-65. Among his works are: (An Au-
tumn in Greece) (1826); (France, Social, Lit-
erary, and Political) (1834-36); and Life of
Byron) (1835).
Bulwer-Lytton, Edward, Lord Lytton. An
English novelist, playwright, and poet; born in
London, May 25, 1803; died in Torquay, Jan.
18, 1873. He was the son of Gen, Earle Bul.
wer and Elizabeth B. Lytton, heiress of Kneb-
worth, to whose estates he succeeded in 1844
and assumed the surname of Lytton. In 1847,
and again in 1852, he sat in Parliament; and
in 1858-59 was colonial secretary, during which
he called into existence the colonies of British
Columbia and Queensland. In 1866 he was
raised to the peerage as Baron Lytton. Al-
together his works exceed sixty in number,
and fill 110 volumes. His novels display great
versatility, range of power, power of handling
psychological and social problems, variety of
incident and portraiture; and many are based
on romantic and occult themes. Among the
most famous are : (Falkland (1827); (Pelham)
(1828); Devereux) (1829); Paul Clifford
(1830); (Eugene Aram) (1832); (Godolphin
(1833); Pilgrims of the Rhine) (1834); "Last
Days of Pompeii (1834); "Rienzi! (1837);
(Ernest Maltravers) (1837); (Alice, or the
Mysteries) (1838); Last of the Barons)
(1843); “Harold' (1843); (The Caxtons) (1850);
My Novel (1853); “What Will He Do with
It? ) (1859); (A Strange Story) (1862); (The
Coming Race) (1871); Kenelm Chillingly)
(1873); and “The Parisians) (1873). Three
of his dramas — «The Lady of Lyons) (1838);
(Richelieu) (1838); and Money) (1848) - still
hold the stage. *
Bunce, Oliver Bell. An American publisher
and writer; born in New York city, in 1828;
died there, May 15, 1890. At an early age he
became connected with the publishing business
in New York. Among his books are: (Ro-
mance of the Revolution (1852); A Bache-
lor's Story) (1859); Don't: a Manual of Mis-
takes and Improprieties) (1883); (My House)
(1884); and (Adventures of Timias Terrystone,
a novel (1885).
Bundy, Jonas Mills. An American joumal.
ist and author; born in Columbia, N. H. , in
1835; died in Paris, France, Sept. 8, 1891. He
gained experience in journalism in the West,
and served in the Civil War. He was editor
of the New York Mail and Express, and wrote
"Life of Garfield (1880).
Bungay, George Washington. An Ameri.
can journalist and poet; born in Walsingham,
England, July 22, 1818; died July 10, 1892.
He came to this country in 1827. For some
time he was connected with the New York
Tribune. He was employed in the Custom
House from 1873 to 1877. Among his numer-
ous poems the best known is (The Creed of
the Bells. His other works include: Abraham
Lincoln Songster'; (Pen Portraits of Illustri.
ous Abstainers) (1881).
Bunge, Rudolf (böng'a). A German poet;
born at Köthen, March 27, 1836. Among his
works are a volume of his collected short
poems, Flowers) (1854); a tragedy, "The
Duke of Courland (1871); a cycle of five
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