of the same as many believe, what saith the same
Apostle?
Augustine - Exposition on the Psalms - v1
If he would that the Most High God draw nigh unto him, let him be lowly.
A great mystery, Brethren.
God is above all : thou raisest thyself, and touchest not Him : thou humblest thyself, and He de- scendeth unto thee.
(Ver.
19.
) Many are the troubles ofthe righteous : doth He say, Therefore let Christians be righteous, therefore let them hear My Word, that they may suffer no tribulation ?
He promiseth not this ; but saith, Many are the troubles of the righteous.
Rather, if they be unrighteous they have fewer troubles, if righteous they have many.
But after few tribulations, or none, these shall come to tribulation everlasting, whence they shall never be delivered: but the righteous after many tribulations shall come to peace ever lasting, where they shall never suffer any evil.
Many are the tribulations of the righteous ; but the Lord delivereth him out of all.
24. Ver. 20. The Lord keepeth all their bones: not one of them shall be broken : this also, Brethren, let us not receive carnally. Bones are the firm supports of the faithful. For
as in flesh our bones give firmness, so in the heart of a Christian it is faith that gives firmness. The patience then which is in faith, is as the bones of the inner man : this is
that which cannot be broken. The Lord keepeth all their bones: not one of them shall be broken. If of our Lord God Jesus Christ he had said this, The Lord keepeth all the
bones of His Son ; not one of them shall be broken ,? as is prefigured of Him also in another place, when the lamb was spoken of that should be slain, and it was said of Neither Exoi- shall ye break a bone thereof: then was fulfilled in the 12, 46. Lord, because when He hung upon the Cross, He expired
before they came to the Cross, and found His Body lifeless Johnl9 already, and would not break His legs, that might be33. fulfilled which was written. But He gave this promise to
other Christians also, The Lord keepeth all their bones; not
one of them shall be broken. Therefore, Brethren, we see any Saint suffer tribulation, and haply either by Physician
Bb
2
a it if
it,
it
372 Promise to be taken spiritually. Good and ill death.
Psalm so cut, or by some persecutor so mangled, that his bones be
XXXIV broken ; let us not say, This man was not righteous, for this Skrm
Ii. hath the Lord promised to His righteous, of whom He said, The Lord keepeth all their bones ; not one of them shall be
broken. Wouldest thou see that He spoke of other bones, those which we called the firm supports of faith, that is, patience and endurance in all tribulations ? For these are the bones which are not broken. Hear, and see ye in the very Passion of our Lord, what I say. The Lord was in the middle Crucified ; near Him were two thieves : the one mocked, the other believed : the one was condemned, the other justified: the one had his punishment both in this world, and thIat which shall be, but unto the other said the
say unto thee, To-day shalt thou be with Me in Paradise ; and yet those who came brake not the bones of the Lord, but of the thieves they brake: as much were broken the bones of the thief who blasphemed, as of the thief who believed. Where then is that which is spoken, The Lord keepeth all their bones ; not one of them shall be broken ? Lo, unto whom He said, To-day shalt thou be with
me in Paradise, could He not keep all his bones ? The Lord answereth thee: Yea, I kept them; for the firm sup port of his faith could not be broken by those blows whereby his legs were broken.
25. Ver. 21. The death of sinners is the worst. Attend, Brethren, for the sake of those things which I said. Truly Great is the Lord, and His Mercy, truly Great is He Who gave to us to eat His Body, wherein He suffered such great things, and His Blood to drink. How regardeth He them that think evil and say, ' Such an one died ill, by beasts was he devoured : he was not a righteous man, therefore he perished ill; for else would he not have perished. ' Is he then righteous, who dieth in his own house and in his own bed ? This then (sayest thou) it is whereat I wonder; because I know the sins and the crimes of this same man, and yet he died well ; in his own house, within his own doors, with no injury
/al. evenof travel, with none even in mature1 age. Hearken, The
Luke23,Lord, Verily
death of sinners is worst. What seemeth to thee a good outwardly lying on his bed, dost thou see him inwardly
at no
prema. . .
rare. death, is worst if thou couldest see within. Thou seest him
Deaths of Dives and Lazariu :ompared. S73 carried to hell ? Hearken, Brethren, and learn from the Ver.
Gospel, what is the ' worst death' of sinners. Were there
-- not two in that age1, a rich man who was clothed in purple 1 >>1? ' in
and fine linen, and fared sumptuously every day ; another a WOrld. ' poor man who lay at his door full of sores, and the dogsLuke16, came and licked his sores, and he desired to be fed with the crumbs which fell from the rich man's table ? Now it came
to pass that the poor man died, (righteous was that poor man,)
and was carried by Angels into Abraham's bosom. He who
saw his body lying at the rich man's door, and no man to
bury what haply said he? . So die he who my enemy;
and whoever persecutes me, so may see him. His body accursed with spitting, his wounds stink and yet in Abra
ham's bosom he resteth. Ifwe are Christians, let us believe:
if we believe not, Brethren, let none feign himself Christian.
Faith bringeth us to the end. As the Lord spake these things, so are they. Doth indeed an astrologer2 speak unto^mathe-
thee, and true, and doth Christ speak, and false But by what sort of death died the rich man What sort of death must not be in purple and fine linen, how sumptuous, how pompous What funeral ceremonies were there In what spices was that body buried And yet when he was in hell, being in torments, from the finger of that despised poor man he desired one drop of water to be poured upon his burning tongue, and obtained not. Learn then what meaneth,
The death sinners worst and ask not beds covered with costly garments, and to have the flesh wrapped in many rich things, friends exhibiting shew of lamentation, household beating their breasts, crowd of attendants going before and following when the body carried out, marble
and gilded memorials. For ye ask those things, they answer you what false, that of many not light sinners, but altogether wicked, the death best, who have deserved to be so lamented, so embalmed, so covered, so carried out, so entombed. But ask the Gospel, and will shew to your faith the soul of the rich man burning in torments, which was nothing profited by all those honours and obsequies, which to his dead body the vanity of the living did afford.
26. But because there are many kinds of sinners, and not to be sinner difficult, or perhaps in this life impossible,
a it,
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374 Salvation through Christ. David a Type of Him.
Psalm he added immediately, of what kind of sinners the death is
YXX V worst. And they that hate the righteous one
Serm. (saith he)
shall perish. What righteous one, but Him that justifieth 5TM' ' the ungodly ? Whom, but our Lord Jesus Christ, Who is also l John the propitiation for our sins? Who then hate Him, have the
Lat. XXXIV.
worst death; because they die in their sins, who are not through Him reconciled to our God. (Ver. 22. ) For the Lord redeemeth the souls of His servants. But according to the soul is death to be understood either the worst or best, not according to bodily either dishonour, or honours which men
see. And none of them which trust in Him, shall perish ; this is the manner of human righteousness, that mortal life, however advanced, because without sin it can not be, in this perisheth not, while it trusteth in Him, in Whom is remission of sins. Amen.
PSALM XXXV. DISCOURSE I. >>
On the first part of the Psalm.
How that this Psalm, by command of my Brethren and fellow-Bishops, hath been laid on me to be handled, be
your charity aware. They have willed that we all hear somewhat therefrom. For from Him do we all hear, from
Whom we learn together, and in Whose
fellow-disciples. The title of it causeth us no delay, for it is both brief, and to be understood not difficult, (especially to those nursed in the Church of God. ) For so it is, To David himself. The Psalm then is to David himself: now David is interpreted, Strong in hand, or Desirable.
Psalm then is to the Strong in hand, and Desirable, to Him Who for us hath overcome death, Who unto us hath promised life : for in this is He Strong in hand, that He hath over come death for us ; in this is He Desirable, that He hath
promised unto us life eternal. For what stronger than That Luku 7, Hand Which touched the bier, and he that was dead rose ud ?
? Delivered upon the occasion of some Council.
school we are
The
Christ in His Body. God's arms, and ours from Him. 375
What stronger than That Hand Which overcame the world, Ver. not armed with steel, but pierced with wood? Or what more J. 3l desirable than He, Whom not having seen, the Martyrs wished even to die, that they might be worthy to come unto Him? Therefore is the Psalm unto Him: to Him let our heart, to Him our tongue sing worthily: if yet Himself shall deign to give somewhat to sing. None to Him singeth worthily, but who hath from Him received what to sing.
Nay this which now we sing, was spoken by His Spirit through His Prophet, and in those words wherein we acknow
ledge both ourselves and Him. Neither do we wrong, be
cause we say both ourselves and Him: since when He was in Heaven, He so cried, Why persecutesl thou Me? when Him Acts 9, none touched, and we on earth were in trouble. His Voice
then let us hear : now of the Body, now of the Head. For this is a Psalm calling on God, against enemies, amid the tribulations of this world. And surely He is the same Christ, then the Head being in tribulation, now the Body being in tribulation; yet through tribulations to all His Members giving life eternal, which by promising became He desirable.
2. Ver. 1. Judge Thou, O Lord, (saith he,) them that hurt me, andjight Thou against them that fight against me. " If God Rom. 8, be for us, who can be against us ? " And whereby doth God
this for us? (Ver. 2. ) Take hold (saith he) of arms and shield,
and rise up to my help. A great spectacle is to see God
armed for thee. And what His Shield, what are His
Arms? Lord, in another place saith the man who here alsoPs. 5,12. speaketh, as with the shield of Thy good-will hast Thou compassed us. But His Arms, wherewith He may not only
us defend, but also strike His enemies, we have well profited,
shall we ourselves be. For as we from Him have this, that
we be armed, so He armed from us. But He armed
from those, whom He hath made, we are armed with those
things which we have received from Him Who made us.
These our arms the Apostle in certain place calleth, The Eph. shield of Faith, the helmet of Salvation, and the sword of 1(1" the Spirit, which the Word God. He hath armed us
with such arms as ye have heard, arms admirable, and un-
conquered, insuperable
and shining; spiritual truly and
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376 Designations of spiritual armour variable.
Psalm invisible, because we have to fight also against invisible Serm. enemies. If thou seest thine enemy, let thine arms be seen. *? We are armed with faith in those things which we see not,
and we overthrow enemies whom we see not. Nevertheless, dearly Beloved, think not that these arms are so that what is a shield is always a shield, or what is a helmet is always a helmet, or what is a breast-plate always a breast-plate. For in these arms corporal it is so, although even those which are made of steel may be changed, so that out of a sword may be made an axe : but the same Apostle we find to have
l Thess. said in one place, The breast-plate offaith, and in another
' '
Ps. 22,
to have said, The shield offaith. Therefore the same faith can be both a breast-plate and a shield, a shield it is, because it receives and repels the darts of the enemies, a breast-plate because it suffers not thy inward parts to be pierced through. These are our arms ; but what are God's ? We read in a certain place, Deliver my soulfrom the ungodly, Thy Weapon from the enemies of Thy Hand1'. What first he said, from the
ungodly, that in the following verse is from the enemies of Thy Hand: and what above he called my soul, that in the following verse he called, Thy Weapon, that is, Thy Sword. His soul then he called the Weapon of God : Deliver (saith he) my soul from the ungodly, that is, deliver Thy Weapon from the enemies of Thy Hand. For Thou takest hold of my soul, and warrest upon my enemies. And what is our
pro- soul, however splendid, however far reaching1, however sharpened, however anointed, however with the light and gleam of Wisdom glistening ? What is our soul, or what can it do, unless God hold it and fight with it. For the best made weapon, unless it have a warrior, is useless. But I have said of our own arms, that nothing ought be taken as so fixed, that what is one thing, the same cannot be another :
so also we find in God's arms. Lo, here he called the soul
of the righteous the weapon of God : again he saith that the
Vfisd. soul of the righteous is the seat of God, the soul of the
'?
righteous is the seat of Wisdom. Therefore whatever He will, He maketh of our soul. Since it is in His hand, let Him use it as He will.
3. Let Him then rise up, for so is He called on, let Him * Lat. Erne al, impiis animam meam,framca>>i tuam ab inimicis manus t<<tc.
Wake to call on Christ. What World Satan rules. 377
Ver.
take hold of His Arms, let Him rise up for our help. Whence
He should rise up, is said unto Him also in another place in
these very words, Rise up: why steepest Thou, O Lord? Ps. 44, And when He is said to sleep, we sleep ; and when He is
said to rise up, we are awakened. For the Lord also slept Mat. 8, in the ship ; and therefore was the ship tossed, because Jesus
For if Jesus had watched therein, the ship had not been tossed. Thy ship is thy heart; Jesus in the ship, faith in the heart. If thou rememberest thy faith, thy heart is
not tossed ; if thou forgettest thy faith, Christ sleepeth ; beware of shipwreck. Nevertheless do what remaineth, that if He sleep, He may be awakened; say unto Him, Lord, rise up, we perish ; that He may rebuke the winds, and there be a calm in thy heart. For all temptations will retire, or surely will prevail nothing, when Christ, that is, thy faith,
shall watch in thy heart. What then is, Rise up ? Make Thyself known, apparent, felt. Rise up, therefore,/or my help. 4. Ver. 3. Pour forth the weapon, and stop the way against
them that persecute me. Who are they that persecute thee ? Haply thy neighbour, or he whom thou hast offended, or to whom thou hast done wrong, or who would take away what is thine, or against whom thou preachest the truth, or whose sin thou rebukest, or whom living ill by thy well living thou
offendest. There are indeed even these enemies to us, and
slept.
us: but other enemies we are taught to know, those against whom we fight invisibly, of whom the
they persecute
Apostle warneth us, saying, We wrestle not against ^es/< Epties. and blood, that is, against men ; not against those whom ye6' 12, see, but against those whom ye see not; against princi palities, against powers, against the rulers of the world,
of this darkness. Now when he said the rulers of the world,
as he spake of the devil and his angels, there was need to take care lest men should misunderstand, and think that the
world is ruled by the devil and his demons. But because
the world is said of this fabric which we see, and the world
is said of sinners, and of those who love the world, of whom
it was said, The world knew Him not, and of whom also, John 1,
The whole world lieth in wickedness; therefore the Apostle t John
of what world they were rulers, he said, of this5, i9. darkness. The rulers of this world, I say, are the rulers of
explained
378 Man a Weapon in God's Hand. Suggestion of despair.
Psalm this darkness. Again, he maketh us to understand what he
XXXV sa^, '*** darkness. Of what darkness are the devil and Serm. of
I.
of the same as many believe, what saith the same Apostle? Eph. 5, Ye were sometimes darkness, but now are ye light in the Lord. Wouldest thou not be ruled by the devil ? Come to
the light. And how shalt thou come to the Light, unless He pour forth the weapon, and deliver thee from thy enemies, and from them that persecute thee ? How poureth He forth the weapon ? for we have already heard what His weapon is ; even the soul of the righteous. Let the righteous abound, so is the weapon poured forth, and the way is stopped against the enemies. For from the very pouring forth of the weapon the Apostle warning us to live righteously, in the sequel
Titus 2, saith, That he that is of the contrary part, may have no evil thing to say of you. The way is stopped against him,
because what to say against the saints he cannot find.
5. And whence shall these be righteous? Or what say the enemies who persecute us ? Those invisible enemies, what say they ? Say they nothing c ? Most of all is it suggested to the human heart, by the enemies who invisibly fight against
that God not our helper that so seeking other helps, we may be found weak, and be taken by those same enemies. This then suggested. Against those voices ought we most of all to watch, which are shewn in another
Ps. 2. Psalm. Many are they that rise up against me. Many there be which say of my soul, there no help for him in his God. Against these voices what here said Say unto my soul, am thy Salvation. When thou hast said unto my soul, am thy Salvation, then will live righteously, so that seek no helper beside Thee.
6. And what follows? (Ver. 4. ) Let them be confounded and put to shame, that seek after my soul: for to this end they seek
after to destroy it. For would that they would seek
for good for in another Psalm he blameth this in men, that Ps. U2, there was none who would seek after his soul Refuge failed me there was none that would seek after my soul. Who
al. nothing else so specially suggested,' &e.
his angels rulers? Of all the unbelievers, of all the wicked, John 1, of whom it is said, The Light shineth in darkness, and the
darkness comprehended It not. Lastly, out of the number
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God our Salvation. Seek no other help. 379
is this that saith, There was none that would seek after my Ver.
soul d ? Is it haply He, of Whom so long before it was pre- dieted, They pierced My Hands and My Feet, they numbered? <<. 22, all My Bones, they stared and looked upon Me, they have 1 '
parted My Garments among them, and cast lots for My Vesture ? Now all these things were done before their eyes, and there was none who would seek after His Soul. Let us
then call upon Him, Brethren, that He may say unto our
soul, / am thy SalvI
hear Him, saying,
some are deaf, wherefore they hear rather those enemies that persecute them, being in tribulation. If aught wanting, if the soul in trouble, in need of temporal goods, seeks aid for the most part from devils, chooses to consult the possessed of devils, seeks the diviners: its persecutors, the invisible enemies, have approached have entered into have fought against have taken captive, have conquered
ation; and
its ears, that it
For He saith but
may open am thy Salvation.
may
4.
by saying, There is no salvation for him in his God. He Ps. 3, 2. was deaf to the voice, saying, am thy Salvation. Say unto
my soul, am thy Salvation, that they may be confounded
and put to shame that seek after my soul, to which Thou sayest, am thy Salvation. Let me hear Him saying unto
me, am thy Salvation other salvation will not seek after
except the Lord my God. By some creature salvation suggested to me from Him: and lift up mine eyes Ps. 121, unto the hills, from whence cometh my help, yet cometh not
my help from the hills, but from the Lord, which made heaven and earth. In very temporal troubles God helpeth through man He Himself thy Salvation. Through His
Angel God helpeth, He Himself thy Salvation. All things
to Him are subject, and for this temporal life He indeed helpeth one from this side, another from that eternal life
He giveth not but from Himself. Behold, when thou art in trouble, that not before thee which thou seekest, but He
is near thee Whom thou seekest. And seek thou Him, Who
never can be wanting. Let those things be withdrawn,
which He gave; He therefore withdrawn, Who gave?
Let those things be restored which He gave that true
" Who &o. ' Most Mss. read, crucified There no one that saith, That is, who asks, Who that who It haply He, &o. "
is
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380 God bestows temporal things as well as spiritual,
Psalm riches, when these things are restored, and not He Who with- X XX V ' drew them to prove thee, and restored them to console thee ?
Serm I.
For He consoleth us when these things are not wanting to us. He consoleth us in the way, but only if we understand the way. For the whole of this life, and all things which thou usest in this life, ought to be to thee as an inn to a traveller, not as a house to dwell in. Remember
though thou hast performed somewhat, that somewhat remaineth,
' diver- tnat thou hast slaved1 for refection, not for defection.
7. There are who say, God the Good, the Great, the Most High, the Invisible, the Eternal, the Incorruptible, will indeed give unto us eternal life, and that incorruption which
He hath promised in the resurrection ; but these worldly and temporal things belong to devils, and to those rulers of the darkness of this world. By thus saying, when they are entangled in the love of these things, they abandon God, as though these things belonged not unto Him, and seek by
wicked sacrifices, by I know not what remedies, and by I know not what unlawful persuasion of men, to provide for themselves that which is temporal, as money, wife and children, and whatever either comforts human life passing by, or hinders it going its way. Divine Providence watching against this opinion, that God might shew all these things to belong to Him, and to be in His Power, not only things eternal which He promiseth hereafter, but also things tem poral which on earth He giveth to whom He will, and when He will, in good time, knowing to whom He should give, to whom not give, as a physician his medicines, knowing better the sick man's disease than the sick man himself; God then, that He might shew this, divided the times of the Old and New Testament. In the Old Testament are promises
of things earthly; but in the New, of a kingdom, the king dom of heaven. Most of the Commandments, both of worshipping God, and of living well, are the same both in this and in that; but because the promise here seems of one kind, there of another; the command of Him that ordereth, and the obedience of him that serveth, is the same, but the wages, as it were, are not the same. For unto them it was said, Ye shall receive the land of promise ; in it ye shall reign ; your enemies ye shall conquer; ye shall not be
but the former now subordinate to the latter. 381
subdued by them; all things shall abound to you in this land; Ver. in it ye shall beget children. These earthly things were -- promised, but yet in a figure. Suppose that some so received 23, 25-- them as they were promised; and truly many so received31. them. For the land was given to the children of Israel,
riches were given, children were given even to their barren
and old women, who prayed unto God, and in Him alone presumed, and other helper sought not even for those things. They heard the voice of God in their heart, / am thy Salva
tion. If for things eternal, why not for things temporal.
This did God shew in the case of that holy man Job; be
cause even the devil himself had no power to take away these things, except when he had received it from that Most High Power. He would envy the holy man : could he also
hurt him ? He could accuse him, could he also condemn
him ? Could he take aught from him, could he hurt even a
nail, could he a single hair, until he had said unto God, Put Job 1,
forth Thine Hand? What Putforth Thine Hand? Give11- me the power. He received he tempted him he was
tempted. Yet the tempted conquered, the tempter was con quered. For God, Who had permitted the devil to take those things, had not deserted His servant within, and to overcome
the devil himself, of the soul of His servant had made to Himself a weapon. Whereunto tendeth this speak con cerning man. Conquered was he in Paradise conqueror Gen. 3. on the dunghill. There was he conquered by the devil through the woman, here he conquered the devil and the woman. Thou speakest, saith he, as one of the foolish Joh women speaketh. What? Shall we receive good at the Hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? How well had
he heard, am thy Salvation.
8. Let them be confounded and put to shame, that seek
after my soul. Look to men. Pray (saith He) for your Matt. 5, enemies. But here a prophecy: and those things which
are said under the figure of wishing are to be explained in
the sense of prophesying. Let this be done, or that be done,
nothing more than, this or that will be done. So then understand the prophecy: Let them be confounded and put to shame, that seek after my life. What is, Let them be confounded and put to shame They shall be confounded and
?
is, it,
is
it is
"
/
2,
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;
382 Some conquered for their good, others injudgment.
Psalm put lo shame. For even so was it done. Many have been Skrm. confounded to their health : many, put to shame, have passed ! ? over from the persecution of Christ to the society of His members with devoted piety; and this would not have been,
had they not been confounded and put to shame. There fore he wished well to them. But because there are two kinds of those who are conquered ; for in two ways are they conquered, either to this end they are conquered that they may be converted unto Christ, or to this, that they be con demned by Christ; here also are explained the same two kinds, obscurely indeed, but wanting only an understanding hearer. Of those who are converted, hear what is said. Let them be confounded and put to shame that seek after my soul: let them be turned back. Let them not go before, but follow; let them not give counsel, but take it. For Peter would go before the Lord, when the Lord spake of His future Passion : he would to Him as it were
give counsel for His health. The sick man to the Saviour
give counsel for His health ! And what said he to the Lord, Mat. 16, affirming that His future Passion? Be it far from Thee, 9,1 23' Lord. Be gracious to Thyself. This shall not be to Thee.
He would go before that the Lord might follow ; and what said He ? Get thee behind Me, satan. By going before thou art satan, by following thou wilt be a disciple. The same then is said to these also, Let them be turned back and brought to confusion that think evil against me. For when they have begun to follow after, now they will not think evil against me, but desire my good.
9. What of others r For all are not so conquered as to be converted and believe : many continue in obstinacy, many preserve in heart the spirit of going before, and if they exert it not, yet they labour with and finding opportunity bring
forth. Of such, what followeth (Ver. 5. ) Let them be as
Ps. 1,4.
dust before the wind. Not so are the ungodly, not so; but as the dust which the wind driveth away from the face
the earth. The wind temptation the dust are the un godly. When temptation cometh the dust raised, neither standeth nor resisteth. Let them be as dust before the wind, and let the Angel of the Lord trouble them. (Ver. 6. ) Let their way be darkness and slipping. horrible way Dark-
A
; is
!
it
of
is
it,
it
?
Prophecy spoken as imprecation. Treason against Christ. 383
ness alone who feareth not? A slippery way alone who avoids Ver not ? In a dark and slippery way how shalt thou go ? where 6. 7. set foot ? These two ills are the great punishments of men : darkness, ignorance; a slippery way, luxury. Let their way
be darkness and slipping ; and let the Angel of the Lord persecute them; that they be not able to stand. For any one in a dark and slippery way, when he seeth that if he move his foot he will fall, and there is no light before his feet, haply resolveth to wait until light come ; but here is the
Angel of the Lord persecuting them. These things he pre
dicted would come upon them, not as though he wished
them to happen. Although the Prophet in the Spirit of God so speaketh these things, even as God doth the same, with sure judgment, with a judgment good, righteous, holy, tranquil ; not moved with wrath, not with bitter jealousy, not with desire of wreaking enmities, but of punishing wickedness with righteousness ; nevertheless, it is a prophecy.
10. But wherefore these so great evils? By what desert? Hear by what desert. (Ver. 7. ) For without cause have they hid for me the corruption of their trap. For Him that is our Head, observe, the Jews did this : they hid the cor ruption of their trap. For whom hid they their trap ? For Him, Who saw the hearts of those that hid. But yet was He among them like one ignorant, as though He were de ceived, whereas they were in that deceived, that they thought Him to be deceived. For therefore was He as though de ceived, living among them, because we among such as they were so to live, as to be without doubt deceived. He saw His betrayer, and chose him the more to a necessary work. By his evil He wrought a great good : and yet among the twelve was he chosen, lest even the small number of twelve should be without one evil. This was an example of patience to us, because it was necessary that we should live among the evil: it was necessary that we should endure the evil,
either knowing them or knowing them not: an example of patience He gave thee lest thou shouldest fail, when thou hast begun to live among the evil. And because that School of Christ in the twelve failed not, how much more ought we to be firm, when in the great Church is fulfilled what was predicted of the mixture of the evil. For neither did the same School see rendered to the Seed of Abraham what had
384 The wicked caught in their own trap.
Psalm been promised, and that very threshing floor, whence the Sbrm "8ram ^lat shall fill the garner must proceed. Wherefore I. then, when the threshing is, is not the chaff justly endured
therein, until it be purged by the last winnowing ? For this will surely come upon the evil, which ye have heard.
11. But yet what is to be done ? Without a cause have they hid for me the corruption of their trap. What meaneth,
Without a cause? I have done them no evil, I have hurt them not at all. Vainly have they reviled my soul. What
Vainly Speaking falsely, proving nothing. (Ver. 8. ) Let trap come upon them which they know not of. magni ficent retribution, nothing more just They have hidden trap that might know not: let trap come upon them
which they know not of.
24. Ver. 20. The Lord keepeth all their bones: not one of them shall be broken : this also, Brethren, let us not receive carnally. Bones are the firm supports of the faithful. For
as in flesh our bones give firmness, so in the heart of a Christian it is faith that gives firmness. The patience then which is in faith, is as the bones of the inner man : this is
that which cannot be broken. The Lord keepeth all their bones: not one of them shall be broken. If of our Lord God Jesus Christ he had said this, The Lord keepeth all the
bones of His Son ; not one of them shall be broken ,? as is prefigured of Him also in another place, when the lamb was spoken of that should be slain, and it was said of Neither Exoi- shall ye break a bone thereof: then was fulfilled in the 12, 46. Lord, because when He hung upon the Cross, He expired
before they came to the Cross, and found His Body lifeless Johnl9 already, and would not break His legs, that might be33. fulfilled which was written. But He gave this promise to
other Christians also, The Lord keepeth all their bones; not
one of them shall be broken. Therefore, Brethren, we see any Saint suffer tribulation, and haply either by Physician
Bb
2
a it if
it,
it
372 Promise to be taken spiritually. Good and ill death.
Psalm so cut, or by some persecutor so mangled, that his bones be
XXXIV broken ; let us not say, This man was not righteous, for this Skrm
Ii. hath the Lord promised to His righteous, of whom He said, The Lord keepeth all their bones ; not one of them shall be
broken. Wouldest thou see that He spoke of other bones, those which we called the firm supports of faith, that is, patience and endurance in all tribulations ? For these are the bones which are not broken. Hear, and see ye in the very Passion of our Lord, what I say. The Lord was in the middle Crucified ; near Him were two thieves : the one mocked, the other believed : the one was condemned, the other justified: the one had his punishment both in this world, and thIat which shall be, but unto the other said the
say unto thee, To-day shalt thou be with Me in Paradise ; and yet those who came brake not the bones of the Lord, but of the thieves they brake: as much were broken the bones of the thief who blasphemed, as of the thief who believed. Where then is that which is spoken, The Lord keepeth all their bones ; not one of them shall be broken ? Lo, unto whom He said, To-day shalt thou be with
me in Paradise, could He not keep all his bones ? The Lord answereth thee: Yea, I kept them; for the firm sup port of his faith could not be broken by those blows whereby his legs were broken.
25. Ver. 21. The death of sinners is the worst. Attend, Brethren, for the sake of those things which I said. Truly Great is the Lord, and His Mercy, truly Great is He Who gave to us to eat His Body, wherein He suffered such great things, and His Blood to drink. How regardeth He them that think evil and say, ' Such an one died ill, by beasts was he devoured : he was not a righteous man, therefore he perished ill; for else would he not have perished. ' Is he then righteous, who dieth in his own house and in his own bed ? This then (sayest thou) it is whereat I wonder; because I know the sins and the crimes of this same man, and yet he died well ; in his own house, within his own doors, with no injury
/al. evenof travel, with none even in mature1 age. Hearken, The
Luke23,Lord, Verily
death of sinners is worst. What seemeth to thee a good outwardly lying on his bed, dost thou see him inwardly
at no
prema. . .
rare. death, is worst if thou couldest see within. Thou seest him
Deaths of Dives and Lazariu :ompared. S73 carried to hell ? Hearken, Brethren, and learn from the Ver.
Gospel, what is the ' worst death' of sinners. Were there
-- not two in that age1, a rich man who was clothed in purple 1 >>1? ' in
and fine linen, and fared sumptuously every day ; another a WOrld. ' poor man who lay at his door full of sores, and the dogsLuke16, came and licked his sores, and he desired to be fed with the crumbs which fell from the rich man's table ? Now it came
to pass that the poor man died, (righteous was that poor man,)
and was carried by Angels into Abraham's bosom. He who
saw his body lying at the rich man's door, and no man to
bury what haply said he? . So die he who my enemy;
and whoever persecutes me, so may see him. His body accursed with spitting, his wounds stink and yet in Abra
ham's bosom he resteth. Ifwe are Christians, let us believe:
if we believe not, Brethren, let none feign himself Christian.
Faith bringeth us to the end. As the Lord spake these things, so are they. Doth indeed an astrologer2 speak unto^mathe-
thee, and true, and doth Christ speak, and false But by what sort of death died the rich man What sort of death must not be in purple and fine linen, how sumptuous, how pompous What funeral ceremonies were there In what spices was that body buried And yet when he was in hell, being in torments, from the finger of that despised poor man he desired one drop of water to be poured upon his burning tongue, and obtained not. Learn then what meaneth,
The death sinners worst and ask not beds covered with costly garments, and to have the flesh wrapped in many rich things, friends exhibiting shew of lamentation, household beating their breasts, crowd of attendants going before and following when the body carried out, marble
and gilded memorials. For ye ask those things, they answer you what false, that of many not light sinners, but altogether wicked, the death best, who have deserved to be so lamented, so embalmed, so covered, so carried out, so entombed. But ask the Gospel, and will shew to your faith the soul of the rich man burning in torments, which was nothing profited by all those honours and obsequies, which to his dead body the vanity of the living did afford.
26. But because there are many kinds of sinners, and not to be sinner difficult, or perhaps in this life impossible,
a it,
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it it ! is
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374 Salvation through Christ. David a Type of Him.
Psalm he added immediately, of what kind of sinners the death is
YXX V worst. And they that hate the righteous one
Serm. (saith he)
shall perish. What righteous one, but Him that justifieth 5TM' ' the ungodly ? Whom, but our Lord Jesus Christ, Who is also l John the propitiation for our sins? Who then hate Him, have the
Lat. XXXIV.
worst death; because they die in their sins, who are not through Him reconciled to our God. (Ver. 22. ) For the Lord redeemeth the souls of His servants. But according to the soul is death to be understood either the worst or best, not according to bodily either dishonour, or honours which men
see. And none of them which trust in Him, shall perish ; this is the manner of human righteousness, that mortal life, however advanced, because without sin it can not be, in this perisheth not, while it trusteth in Him, in Whom is remission of sins. Amen.
PSALM XXXV. DISCOURSE I. >>
On the first part of the Psalm.
How that this Psalm, by command of my Brethren and fellow-Bishops, hath been laid on me to be handled, be
your charity aware. They have willed that we all hear somewhat therefrom. For from Him do we all hear, from
Whom we learn together, and in Whose
fellow-disciples. The title of it causeth us no delay, for it is both brief, and to be understood not difficult, (especially to those nursed in the Church of God. ) For so it is, To David himself. The Psalm then is to David himself: now David is interpreted, Strong in hand, or Desirable.
Psalm then is to the Strong in hand, and Desirable, to Him Who for us hath overcome death, Who unto us hath promised life : for in this is He Strong in hand, that He hath over come death for us ; in this is He Desirable, that He hath
promised unto us life eternal. For what stronger than That Luku 7, Hand Which touched the bier, and he that was dead rose ud ?
? Delivered upon the occasion of some Council.
school we are
The
Christ in His Body. God's arms, and ours from Him. 375
What stronger than That Hand Which overcame the world, Ver. not armed with steel, but pierced with wood? Or what more J. 3l desirable than He, Whom not having seen, the Martyrs wished even to die, that they might be worthy to come unto Him? Therefore is the Psalm unto Him: to Him let our heart, to Him our tongue sing worthily: if yet Himself shall deign to give somewhat to sing. None to Him singeth worthily, but who hath from Him received what to sing.
Nay this which now we sing, was spoken by His Spirit through His Prophet, and in those words wherein we acknow
ledge both ourselves and Him. Neither do we wrong, be
cause we say both ourselves and Him: since when He was in Heaven, He so cried, Why persecutesl thou Me? when Him Acts 9, none touched, and we on earth were in trouble. His Voice
then let us hear : now of the Body, now of the Head. For this is a Psalm calling on God, against enemies, amid the tribulations of this world. And surely He is the same Christ, then the Head being in tribulation, now the Body being in tribulation; yet through tribulations to all His Members giving life eternal, which by promising became He desirable.
2. Ver. 1. Judge Thou, O Lord, (saith he,) them that hurt me, andjight Thou against them that fight against me. " If God Rom. 8, be for us, who can be against us ? " And whereby doth God
this for us? (Ver. 2. ) Take hold (saith he) of arms and shield,
and rise up to my help. A great spectacle is to see God
armed for thee. And what His Shield, what are His
Arms? Lord, in another place saith the man who here alsoPs. 5,12. speaketh, as with the shield of Thy good-will hast Thou compassed us. But His Arms, wherewith He may not only
us defend, but also strike His enemies, we have well profited,
shall we ourselves be. For as we from Him have this, that
we be armed, so He armed from us. But He armed
from those, whom He hath made, we are armed with those
things which we have received from Him Who made us.
These our arms the Apostle in certain place calleth, The Eph. shield of Faith, the helmet of Salvation, and the sword of 1(1" the Spirit, which the Word God. He hath armed us
with such arms as ye have heard, arms admirable, and un-
conquered, insuperable
and shining; spiritual truly and
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376 Designations of spiritual armour variable.
Psalm invisible, because we have to fight also against invisible Serm. enemies. If thou seest thine enemy, let thine arms be seen. *? We are armed with faith in those things which we see not,
and we overthrow enemies whom we see not. Nevertheless, dearly Beloved, think not that these arms are so that what is a shield is always a shield, or what is a helmet is always a helmet, or what is a breast-plate always a breast-plate. For in these arms corporal it is so, although even those which are made of steel may be changed, so that out of a sword may be made an axe : but the same Apostle we find to have
l Thess. said in one place, The breast-plate offaith, and in another
' '
Ps. 22,
to have said, The shield offaith. Therefore the same faith can be both a breast-plate and a shield, a shield it is, because it receives and repels the darts of the enemies, a breast-plate because it suffers not thy inward parts to be pierced through. These are our arms ; but what are God's ? We read in a certain place, Deliver my soulfrom the ungodly, Thy Weapon from the enemies of Thy Hand1'. What first he said, from the
ungodly, that in the following verse is from the enemies of Thy Hand: and what above he called my soul, that in the following verse he called, Thy Weapon, that is, Thy Sword. His soul then he called the Weapon of God : Deliver (saith he) my soul from the ungodly, that is, deliver Thy Weapon from the enemies of Thy Hand. For Thou takest hold of my soul, and warrest upon my enemies. And what is our
pro- soul, however splendid, however far reaching1, however sharpened, however anointed, however with the light and gleam of Wisdom glistening ? What is our soul, or what can it do, unless God hold it and fight with it. For the best made weapon, unless it have a warrior, is useless. But I have said of our own arms, that nothing ought be taken as so fixed, that what is one thing, the same cannot be another :
so also we find in God's arms. Lo, here he called the soul
of the righteous the weapon of God : again he saith that the
Vfisd. soul of the righteous is the seat of God, the soul of the
'?
righteous is the seat of Wisdom. Therefore whatever He will, He maketh of our soul. Since it is in His hand, let Him use it as He will.
3. Let Him then rise up, for so is He called on, let Him * Lat. Erne al, impiis animam meam,framca>>i tuam ab inimicis manus t<<tc.
Wake to call on Christ. What World Satan rules. 377
Ver.
take hold of His Arms, let Him rise up for our help. Whence
He should rise up, is said unto Him also in another place in
these very words, Rise up: why steepest Thou, O Lord? Ps. 44, And when He is said to sleep, we sleep ; and when He is
said to rise up, we are awakened. For the Lord also slept Mat. 8, in the ship ; and therefore was the ship tossed, because Jesus
For if Jesus had watched therein, the ship had not been tossed. Thy ship is thy heart; Jesus in the ship, faith in the heart. If thou rememberest thy faith, thy heart is
not tossed ; if thou forgettest thy faith, Christ sleepeth ; beware of shipwreck. Nevertheless do what remaineth, that if He sleep, He may be awakened; say unto Him, Lord, rise up, we perish ; that He may rebuke the winds, and there be a calm in thy heart. For all temptations will retire, or surely will prevail nothing, when Christ, that is, thy faith,
shall watch in thy heart. What then is, Rise up ? Make Thyself known, apparent, felt. Rise up, therefore,/or my help. 4. Ver. 3. Pour forth the weapon, and stop the way against
them that persecute me. Who are they that persecute thee ? Haply thy neighbour, or he whom thou hast offended, or to whom thou hast done wrong, or who would take away what is thine, or against whom thou preachest the truth, or whose sin thou rebukest, or whom living ill by thy well living thou
offendest. There are indeed even these enemies to us, and
slept.
us: but other enemies we are taught to know, those against whom we fight invisibly, of whom the
they persecute
Apostle warneth us, saying, We wrestle not against ^es/< Epties. and blood, that is, against men ; not against those whom ye6' 12, see, but against those whom ye see not; against princi palities, against powers, against the rulers of the world,
of this darkness. Now when he said the rulers of the world,
as he spake of the devil and his angels, there was need to take care lest men should misunderstand, and think that the
world is ruled by the devil and his demons. But because
the world is said of this fabric which we see, and the world
is said of sinners, and of those who love the world, of whom
it was said, The world knew Him not, and of whom also, John 1,
The whole world lieth in wickedness; therefore the Apostle t John
of what world they were rulers, he said, of this5, i9. darkness. The rulers of this world, I say, are the rulers of
explained
378 Man a Weapon in God's Hand. Suggestion of despair.
Psalm this darkness. Again, he maketh us to understand what he
XXXV sa^, '*** darkness. Of what darkness are the devil and Serm. of
I.
of the same as many believe, what saith the same Apostle? Eph. 5, Ye were sometimes darkness, but now are ye light in the Lord. Wouldest thou not be ruled by the devil ? Come to
the light. And how shalt thou come to the Light, unless He pour forth the weapon, and deliver thee from thy enemies, and from them that persecute thee ? How poureth He forth the weapon ? for we have already heard what His weapon is ; even the soul of the righteous. Let the righteous abound, so is the weapon poured forth, and the way is stopped against the enemies. For from the very pouring forth of the weapon the Apostle warning us to live righteously, in the sequel
Titus 2, saith, That he that is of the contrary part, may have no evil thing to say of you. The way is stopped against him,
because what to say against the saints he cannot find.
5. And whence shall these be righteous? Or what say the enemies who persecute us ? Those invisible enemies, what say they ? Say they nothing c ? Most of all is it suggested to the human heart, by the enemies who invisibly fight against
that God not our helper that so seeking other helps, we may be found weak, and be taken by those same enemies. This then suggested. Against those voices ought we most of all to watch, which are shewn in another
Ps. 2. Psalm. Many are they that rise up against me. Many there be which say of my soul, there no help for him in his God. Against these voices what here said Say unto my soul, am thy Salvation. When thou hast said unto my soul, am thy Salvation, then will live righteously, so that seek no helper beside Thee.
6. And what follows? (Ver. 4. ) Let them be confounded and put to shame, that seek after my soul: for to this end they seek
after to destroy it. For would that they would seek
for good for in another Psalm he blameth this in men, that Ps. U2, there was none who would seek after his soul Refuge failed me there was none that would seek after my soul. Who
al. nothing else so specially suggested,' &e.
his angels rulers? Of all the unbelievers, of all the wicked, John 1, of whom it is said, The Light shineth in darkness, and the
darkness comprehended It not. Lastly, out of the number
* '
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God our Salvation. Seek no other help. 379
is this that saith, There was none that would seek after my Ver.
soul d ? Is it haply He, of Whom so long before it was pre- dieted, They pierced My Hands and My Feet, they numbered? <<. 22, all My Bones, they stared and looked upon Me, they have 1 '
parted My Garments among them, and cast lots for My Vesture ? Now all these things were done before their eyes, and there was none who would seek after His Soul. Let us
then call upon Him, Brethren, that He may say unto our
soul, / am thy SalvI
hear Him, saying,
some are deaf, wherefore they hear rather those enemies that persecute them, being in tribulation. If aught wanting, if the soul in trouble, in need of temporal goods, seeks aid for the most part from devils, chooses to consult the possessed of devils, seeks the diviners: its persecutors, the invisible enemies, have approached have entered into have fought against have taken captive, have conquered
ation; and
its ears, that it
For He saith but
may open am thy Salvation.
may
4.
by saying, There is no salvation for him in his God. He Ps. 3, 2. was deaf to the voice, saying, am thy Salvation. Say unto
my soul, am thy Salvation, that they may be confounded
and put to shame that seek after my soul, to which Thou sayest, am thy Salvation. Let me hear Him saying unto
me, am thy Salvation other salvation will not seek after
except the Lord my God. By some creature salvation suggested to me from Him: and lift up mine eyes Ps. 121, unto the hills, from whence cometh my help, yet cometh not
my help from the hills, but from the Lord, which made heaven and earth. In very temporal troubles God helpeth through man He Himself thy Salvation. Through His
Angel God helpeth, He Himself thy Salvation. All things
to Him are subject, and for this temporal life He indeed helpeth one from this side, another from that eternal life
He giveth not but from Himself. Behold, when thou art in trouble, that not before thee which thou seekest, but He
is near thee Whom thou seekest. And seek thou Him, Who
never can be wanting. Let those things be withdrawn,
which He gave; He therefore withdrawn, Who gave?
Let those things be restored which He gave that true
" Who &o. ' Most Mss. read, crucified There no one that saith, That is, who asks, Who that who It haply He, &o. "
is
is
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it,
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it,
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380 God bestows temporal things as well as spiritual,
Psalm riches, when these things are restored, and not He Who with- X XX V ' drew them to prove thee, and restored them to console thee ?
Serm I.
For He consoleth us when these things are not wanting to us. He consoleth us in the way, but only if we understand the way. For the whole of this life, and all things which thou usest in this life, ought to be to thee as an inn to a traveller, not as a house to dwell in. Remember
though thou hast performed somewhat, that somewhat remaineth,
' diver- tnat thou hast slaved1 for refection, not for defection.
7. There are who say, God the Good, the Great, the Most High, the Invisible, the Eternal, the Incorruptible, will indeed give unto us eternal life, and that incorruption which
He hath promised in the resurrection ; but these worldly and temporal things belong to devils, and to those rulers of the darkness of this world. By thus saying, when they are entangled in the love of these things, they abandon God, as though these things belonged not unto Him, and seek by
wicked sacrifices, by I know not what remedies, and by I know not what unlawful persuasion of men, to provide for themselves that which is temporal, as money, wife and children, and whatever either comforts human life passing by, or hinders it going its way. Divine Providence watching against this opinion, that God might shew all these things to belong to Him, and to be in His Power, not only things eternal which He promiseth hereafter, but also things tem poral which on earth He giveth to whom He will, and when He will, in good time, knowing to whom He should give, to whom not give, as a physician his medicines, knowing better the sick man's disease than the sick man himself; God then, that He might shew this, divided the times of the Old and New Testament. In the Old Testament are promises
of things earthly; but in the New, of a kingdom, the king dom of heaven. Most of the Commandments, both of worshipping God, and of living well, are the same both in this and in that; but because the promise here seems of one kind, there of another; the command of Him that ordereth, and the obedience of him that serveth, is the same, but the wages, as it were, are not the same. For unto them it was said, Ye shall receive the land of promise ; in it ye shall reign ; your enemies ye shall conquer; ye shall not be
but the former now subordinate to the latter. 381
subdued by them; all things shall abound to you in this land; Ver. in it ye shall beget children. These earthly things were -- promised, but yet in a figure. Suppose that some so received 23, 25-- them as they were promised; and truly many so received31. them. For the land was given to the children of Israel,
riches were given, children were given even to their barren
and old women, who prayed unto God, and in Him alone presumed, and other helper sought not even for those things. They heard the voice of God in their heart, / am thy Salva
tion. If for things eternal, why not for things temporal.
This did God shew in the case of that holy man Job; be
cause even the devil himself had no power to take away these things, except when he had received it from that Most High Power. He would envy the holy man : could he also
hurt him ? He could accuse him, could he also condemn
him ? Could he take aught from him, could he hurt even a
nail, could he a single hair, until he had said unto God, Put Job 1,
forth Thine Hand? What Putforth Thine Hand? Give11- me the power. He received he tempted him he was
tempted. Yet the tempted conquered, the tempter was con quered. For God, Who had permitted the devil to take those things, had not deserted His servant within, and to overcome
the devil himself, of the soul of His servant had made to Himself a weapon. Whereunto tendeth this speak con cerning man. Conquered was he in Paradise conqueror Gen. 3. on the dunghill. There was he conquered by the devil through the woman, here he conquered the devil and the woman. Thou speakest, saith he, as one of the foolish Joh women speaketh. What? Shall we receive good at the Hand of God, and shall we not receive evil? How well had
he heard, am thy Salvation.
8. Let them be confounded and put to shame, that seek
after my soul. Look to men. Pray (saith He) for your Matt. 5, enemies. But here a prophecy: and those things which
are said under the figure of wishing are to be explained in
the sense of prophesying. Let this be done, or that be done,
nothing more than, this or that will be done. So then understand the prophecy: Let them be confounded and put to shame, that seek after my life. What is, Let them be confounded and put to shame They shall be confounded and
?
is, it,
is
it is
"
/
2,
: a
? I
;
382 Some conquered for their good, others injudgment.
Psalm put lo shame. For even so was it done. Many have been Skrm. confounded to their health : many, put to shame, have passed ! ? over from the persecution of Christ to the society of His members with devoted piety; and this would not have been,
had they not been confounded and put to shame. There fore he wished well to them. But because there are two kinds of those who are conquered ; for in two ways are they conquered, either to this end they are conquered that they may be converted unto Christ, or to this, that they be con demned by Christ; here also are explained the same two kinds, obscurely indeed, but wanting only an understanding hearer. Of those who are converted, hear what is said. Let them be confounded and put to shame that seek after my soul: let them be turned back. Let them not go before, but follow; let them not give counsel, but take it. For Peter would go before the Lord, when the Lord spake of His future Passion : he would to Him as it were
give counsel for His health. The sick man to the Saviour
give counsel for His health ! And what said he to the Lord, Mat. 16, affirming that His future Passion? Be it far from Thee, 9,1 23' Lord. Be gracious to Thyself. This shall not be to Thee.
He would go before that the Lord might follow ; and what said He ? Get thee behind Me, satan. By going before thou art satan, by following thou wilt be a disciple. The same then is said to these also, Let them be turned back and brought to confusion that think evil against me. For when they have begun to follow after, now they will not think evil against me, but desire my good.
9. What of others r For all are not so conquered as to be converted and believe : many continue in obstinacy, many preserve in heart the spirit of going before, and if they exert it not, yet they labour with and finding opportunity bring
forth. Of such, what followeth (Ver. 5. ) Let them be as
Ps. 1,4.
dust before the wind. Not so are the ungodly, not so; but as the dust which the wind driveth away from the face
the earth. The wind temptation the dust are the un godly. When temptation cometh the dust raised, neither standeth nor resisteth. Let them be as dust before the wind, and let the Angel of the Lord trouble them. (Ver. 6. ) Let their way be darkness and slipping. horrible way Dark-
A
; is
!
it
of
is
it,
it
?
Prophecy spoken as imprecation. Treason against Christ. 383
ness alone who feareth not? A slippery way alone who avoids Ver not ? In a dark and slippery way how shalt thou go ? where 6. 7. set foot ? These two ills are the great punishments of men : darkness, ignorance; a slippery way, luxury. Let their way
be darkness and slipping ; and let the Angel of the Lord persecute them; that they be not able to stand. For any one in a dark and slippery way, when he seeth that if he move his foot he will fall, and there is no light before his feet, haply resolveth to wait until light come ; but here is the
Angel of the Lord persecuting them. These things he pre
dicted would come upon them, not as though he wished
them to happen. Although the Prophet in the Spirit of God so speaketh these things, even as God doth the same, with sure judgment, with a judgment good, righteous, holy, tranquil ; not moved with wrath, not with bitter jealousy, not with desire of wreaking enmities, but of punishing wickedness with righteousness ; nevertheless, it is a prophecy.
10. But wherefore these so great evils? By what desert? Hear by what desert. (Ver. 7. ) For without cause have they hid for me the corruption of their trap. For Him that is our Head, observe, the Jews did this : they hid the cor ruption of their trap. For whom hid they their trap ? For Him, Who saw the hearts of those that hid. But yet was He among them like one ignorant, as though He were de ceived, whereas they were in that deceived, that they thought Him to be deceived. For therefore was He as though de ceived, living among them, because we among such as they were so to live, as to be without doubt deceived. He saw His betrayer, and chose him the more to a necessary work. By his evil He wrought a great good : and yet among the twelve was he chosen, lest even the small number of twelve should be without one evil. This was an example of patience to us, because it was necessary that we should live among the evil: it was necessary that we should endure the evil,
either knowing them or knowing them not: an example of patience He gave thee lest thou shouldest fail, when thou hast begun to live among the evil. And because that School of Christ in the twelve failed not, how much more ought we to be firm, when in the great Church is fulfilled what was predicted of the mixture of the evil. For neither did the same School see rendered to the Seed of Abraham what had
384 The wicked caught in their own trap.
Psalm been promised, and that very threshing floor, whence the Sbrm "8ram ^lat shall fill the garner must proceed. Wherefore I. then, when the threshing is, is not the chaff justly endured
therein, until it be purged by the last winnowing ? For this will surely come upon the evil, which ye have heard.
11. But yet what is to be done ? Without a cause have they hid for me the corruption of their trap. What meaneth,
Without a cause? I have done them no evil, I have hurt them not at all. Vainly have they reviled my soul. What
Vainly Speaking falsely, proving nothing. (Ver. 8. ) Let trap come upon them which they know not of. magni ficent retribution, nothing more just They have hidden trap that might know not: let trap come upon them
which they know not of.
