His professor
in philosophy, the Abbé Noirot, exerted upon
him a most important religious and philosophic
influence,--one so profound as to be felt in all
his writings.
in philosophy, the Abbé Noirot, exerted upon
him a most important religious and philosophic
influence,--one so profound as to be felt in all
his writings.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v26 to v30 - Tur to Zor and Index
Bismarck' (1880); (Bitter Farces) (1886);
(The [political] Lanterns of the Empire' (1884);
and (Fantasia) (1888).
Rochefoucauld, François, Duc de la (rösh-
fö-ko'), Prince de Marcillac. A great French
classic; born at Paris, Sept. 15, 1013; died
there, March 17, 1680. His celebrity is due
to his small volume of Reflections, or Moral
Sentences and Maxims, commonly known as
the (Maxims) (first ed. 1665; final edition of
## p. 463 (#479) ############################################
ROCHESTER - ROE
463
(
the author 1678, comprising 504 maxims). The
dominant note of the Maxims' is egoism :
virtue and vice are in themselves indifferent.
This philosophy of life is set forth with con-
summate wit, and in a style of faultless ele-
gance. His (Memoirs) (1662) possess literary
merit in a degree hardly inferior to the (Max-
ims); and in historical interest they are equal
to the most celebrated memoirs of the time. *
Rochester, John Wilmot, Earl of. An
English satirist and verse-writer; born at Ditch-
ley, Oxfordshire, April 10, 1648; died July 26,
1680. He became a favorite at the court of
Charles II. , and wrote songs and satires in
accordance with prevailing taste. His Poems
and Familiar Letters) were posthumously pub-
lished.
Rochon de Chabannes, Marc Antoine
Jacques (rô-shồn” dè sha-ban). A French
dramatist; born in Paris, Jan. 25, 1730; died
there, May 15, 1800. He wrote a great number
of successful comedies, published under the title
of “Theatre (1786); besides (Slothful Nobil-
ity) (1756), and Philosophic and Moral Dis-
course) (1768).
Rod, Édouard (rod). A French-Swiss novel-
ist and critic; born at Nyon in 1857. He has
published many works of criticism and erudi.
tion, among them being :'À propos de L'As-
sommoir)) (1879); (The Germans at Paris)
(1880); and (Wagner and the German Æs-
thetic) (1886). But he is better known as a
novelist, and has published: (The Fall of Miss
Topsy) (1882); (The Deathward Career) (1885);
(The Meaning of Life) (1889); (Stendhal)
(1891); and “The Sacrificed One) (1892).
Rodbertus, Johann Karl (rod-bãrt'ös)
(known as Rodbertus-Jagetzow). A German
political economist; born at Greifswald, Pomer-
ania, Aug. 12, 1805; died Dec. 6, 1875. He is
regarded by many as the founder of scien-
tific socialism. He maintains that all com-
modities can only be considered economically
as the product of labor, and cost nothing but
labor. ) His most important works are: (A
Contribution to the Knowledge of Municipal
Conditions) (1842); (Social Letters to Von
Kirchmann (1850-51), published later under
the title of "Capital (1888); Exposition and
Defense of the Existing Credit Note Based
upon Real Estate) (1868–69); (The Normal
Working-Day) (1871); Letters and Politico-
Social Theorems of Dr. Rodbertus-Jagetzow)
(1884).
Rodd, James Rennell. An English diplomat
and verse-writer; born in London, November
1858. He has published : Poems in Many
Lands) (1883); (Feda and Other Poems' (1886);
(The Unknown Madonna and Other Poems)
(1888); Frederick, Crown Prince and Emperor'
(1888), a biographical sketch; and others.
Rodenbach, George (rö'den-bäch). A Bel-
gian poet and journalist; born at Tournay, July
16, 1855. He is noted for the delicacy of his
poetic sentiment and the grace of his lines.
His great piece is (Belgium (1880), a histor-
ical poem; and he has also written : (The
Fireside and the Fields) (1877); "Sorrows)
(1879); (The Beautiful Sea) (1881); (The Win-
ter of Fashion (1884); (White Youth' (1886);
(Silence) (1888); (Art in Exile) (1889); “The
Reign of Silence) (1891); and one romance,
(Bruges la Morte) (1892).
Rodenberg, Julius (rö'den-berg). A Ger-
man poet and descriptive writer; born at Ro-
denberg, Hesse-Nassau, June 26, 1831. He sub-
stituted for his own name, Levy, that of his
birthplace. He has published accounts of his
extensive travels in France, England, Italy, and
Belgium, and has written poems of diverse
kinds, - epic, heroic-comic, lyrical, dramatic,
and opera librettos. His works include : Jour-
nalistic Life in London (1859); Paris by Day-
light and Gaslight' (1867); (An Educational
Tour in England) (1873); Pictures of Berlin
Life) (1885-88); and the romances (The Singer
of London's Streets) (1863); (The New Del-
uge) (1865), translated into many languages;
and By the Grace of God” (1870).
Rodger, Alexander. A Scotch minor poet;
born at Mid-Calder, Midlothian, July 16, 1784;
died at Glasgow, Sept. 26, 1846. He began as
a humble hand-loom weaver, and wrote some
of his best lyrics while inspector of cloths in
Glasgow. His style is somewhat rough, but
easy and vigorous. Ilis books include: (Scotch
Poetry, Songs, Odes, Authors, and Epigrams)
(1821); Poems and Songs, Humorous and Sa-
tirical (1838); (Stray Leaves from the Port-
folios of Alisander the Seer, Andrew Whaup,
and Humphrey Henkecke) (1842); and others.
His best-known poems are: (Robin Tamson's
Smiddy) and (Behave Yoursell before Folk. )
Roe, Azel Stevens. An American novelist;
born in New York city, Aug. 16, 1798; died at
East Windsor Hill, Conn. , Jan. I, 1886. He
left the wine business for the production of
literature, attaining considerable success. He
wrote: James Mountjoy) (1850); (To Love
and be Loved) (1852); (Time and Tide; or,
Strive and Win' (1852); (A Long Look Ahead)
(1855); (The Star and the Cloud? (1856); ( True
to the Last) (1859); "How Could He Help It ? )
(1860); Looking Around (1865); “Woman Our
Angel' (1866); ( The Cloud in the Heart' (1869);
(Resolution (1871); and (True Love Rewarded
(1877).
Roe, Edward Payson. An American novel-
ist; born in Orange County, N. Y. , March 7,
1838; died at Cornwall, N. Y. , July 19, 1888.
He has written a great number of very pop-
ular novels, which have been republished in
England and other countries. His first novel,
(Barriers Burned Away) (1872), met with im-
mediate success, and was followed by (What
Can She Do? ) (1873); (The Opening of a
Chestnut Burr) (1874); (From Jest to Earnest)
(1875); Near to Nature's Heart) (1876); (A
Knight of the Nineteenth Century) (1877);
(A Face Illumined) (1878); (A Day of Fate)
## p. 464 (#480) ############################################
464
ROGER OF HOVEDON - ROLFE
(1880); (Without a Home) (1880); (His Lon-
don Rivals) (1883); (A Young Girl's Wooing)
(1884); Nature's Serial Story) (1884); "An Ori.
ginal Belle) (1885); Driven Back to Eden)
(1885); He Fell in Love with his Wife) (1886);
(The Earth Trembled (1887); (A Hornet's
Nest! (1887); "Found, Yet Lost' (1888); Miss
Lou' (1888); and (Taken Alive, and Other
Stories.
Roger of Hovedon. An English chronicler,
known to have been alive in 1174; probably a
native of Howden; died in 1201 (? ). His chron-
icle extends from 732 to 1201 ; and although
careless in chronology, is of the highest value
as giving much attention to legal and consti.
tutional details.
Rogers, Henry. An English essayist and
reviewer; born at St. Albans, Oct. 18, 1806;
died in North Wales, Aug. 20, 1877. Although
he was neither philosopher nor theologian, his
writings hovered between philosophy and the-
ology, and were widely read. They include:
"Life and Character of John Howe) (1830);
(General Introduction to a Course of Lectures
on English Grammar and Composition (1838);
(The Eclipse of Faith (1853), a piece of clever
dialectics which had great vogue with the reli-
gious public of his day; (Reason and Faith
(1866); (The Superhuman Origin of the Bible!
(1873); and two series of Essays) (1850-55).
Rogers, James Edwin Thorold. An Eng-
lish economist ; born in Hampshire in 1823;
died at Oxford, Oct. 13, 1890. He was profes-
sor of political economy at Oxford, and will
be remembered as a historian of economics.
His principal work is (The History of Agri-
culture and Prices in England (1866-88), of
which (Six Centuries of Work and Wages)
(1885) is an abridgment. Among his other
writings are: (Cobden and Modern Political
Opinion (1873); (The First Nine Years of the
Bank of England) (1887); (The Economic In-
terpretation of History) (1888); and (The In-
dustrial and Commercial History of England
(1892).
Rogers, Robert. An American soldier and
author; born at Dunbarton, N. H. , 1727; died
in England in 1800. He commanded during
the French and Indian War (1755-63) the cel-
ebrated corps known as “Rogers's Rangers. ”
Later he published in England : (A Concise
Account of North America! (1765); Journal
of Major Robert Rogers) (1765); and Pon.
teach (Pontiac); or, The Savages of Amer-
ica,' a tragedy in blank verse, copies of which
are now very rare. He also left in MS. (A
Diary of the Siege of Detroit in the War with
Pontiac,' first published in 1860.
Rogers, Samuel. An English poet; born
at Newington Green, London, July 30, 1763;
died in London, Dec. 18, 1855. His wealth,
liberality, and social qualities, gave his pro-
ductions a great vogue. His best poem is the
(Pleasures of Memory) (1792), which passed
through fifteen editions. He wrote also : (The
Voyage of Columbus) (1812); Jacqueline)
( 1813); Human Life) ( 1819 ); and (Italy)
( 1822 ),- all highly prized for their exquisite
illustrations. He was the intimate friend of
nearly all the literary men of his time in Great
Britain. *
Rohan, Henri de (ro-oi). A French Gen-
eral and military writer; born in Brittany,
Aug. 25 (or 21), 1579; died April 13, 1038.
lle is less remarkable for military achieve.
ments than for his four books of memoirs :
the first three published under the title (Me-
moirs on Events in France from the Death of
Henry the Great to June 1629' (1644), cover-
ing the civil wars; and the fourth as Memoirs
and Letters on the War of the Valtelline
(1758), whither Richelieu had sent him to keep
off the Imperialists and the Spanish. They
rank among the finest of the memoirs written
by the aristocracy of the 16th and 17th cen-
turies. He also wrote (The Perfect Captain'
(1636), a political tract; and others.
Rohlfs, Anna Katherine (Green). See
Green.
Roig, Jaume (rā'ēg). A Spanish (Valencian)
poet of the 15th century. Although physician
to Queen Maria (wife of Alphonso V. ), he
wrote a work full of invectives against the fair
sex, intermingled with many moral precepts,
under the title of Book of very Salutary and
Profitable Counsels, as much for the Regulation
and Order of a Good Life, as for Augmenting
the Devotion to the Purity and Conception of
the Virgin Mary) (1531). Copies of this work
are now very rare. He occupies one of the first
places among the Spanish poets who followed
and emulated the troubadours.
Rojas y Zorilla, Francisco (rõ'has ē thô.
rel'yä). A Spanish dramatist; born in Toledo,
Oct. 4, 1607; died probably after 1680. Twenty.
four of his plays are now extant, which were
published in two parts (1640 and 1645). The
finest is None Below the King,' considered
one of the classics among Spanish plays. Other
notable ones are : ( There is No Friend for a
Friend); (What Women Are); Persiles and
Sigismunda,' taken from Cervantes's romance;
(The Simpleton's Sport'; and (The Insult
Avenged.
Roland, Madame - Manon Jeanne Phlipon.
A French author and republican politician;
born in Paris, March 17, 1754 ; executed Nov.
8, 1793. She imbibed republican ideas from
Rousseau and her classical readings, and her
salon was the meeting place of the Girondist
party. She is well known for her Memoirs,'
written in prison, and edited by Dauban (1864);
as were her (Letters) (1869).
Rolfe, William James. An American edi
tor; born in Newburyport, Mass. , Dec. 10, 1827.
He is a distinguished Shakespearean scholar,
and has published many editions of Shakes-
peare, annotated; among them (The Friendly
Edition, in 20 vols. (1870-83), and a (School
Edition,' in 40 vols. He has also published:
## p. 465 (#481) ############################################
ROLLAND-RONDELET
465
"Shakespeare, the Boy); annotated editions
of selections from Tennyson, Scott, Browning,
Wordsworth, Gray, Goldsmith, and other Eng.
lish poets; several classical text-books; and
(Tales from English History?
Rolland, Amédée (rol-län'). A French littéra.
teur; born at Paris, February 1819; died July
26, 1868. Besides contributions to many jour.
nals, he published two books of verse, (At the
Bottom of the Glass) (1854) and (The Poem
of Death) (1866); and several plays, including
(The Merchant in Spite of Himself) (1858);
(An Upstart) (1859); "Our Ancestors) (1859).
Rollenhagen, Georg (rõl'en-hä''gen). A Ger.
man poet; born at Bernau, April 22, 1542; died
at Magdeburg, May 20, 1609. His great work
is the remarkable heroic-comic and didactic
poem entitled Froschmeuseler, the Grand
Court of the Frogs and Mice) (1595); where,
under the guise of frogs, rats, mice, cats, and
foxes, the author describes the people of his
day,- their customs, domestic life, temporal
and spiritual government, and lastly their
military state. He also wrote (The Limping
Courier,' and other works.
Rollett, Hermann (rol'let). An Austrian
poet; born near Vienna, Aug. 20, 1819. He
has published two collections of (Wreaths of
Song' (1842); “Wanderings of a Vienna Poet)
(1846); (A Sister) (1847); "War Songs) (1848);
"Oratorical Poems) (1871); Narrative Poems)
(1872); and others. An American edition of
his writings has appeared as Poems from the
German of Hermann Rollett) (1887).
Rollin, Ambrose Lucien (ro-lan'). A West-
Indian historian; born at Trois Rivières, Guade-
loupe, in 1692; died at Pointe à Pitre, in 1749.
He devoted his leisure to researches upon the
Caribs and other Indian tribes, and published
several works which are still considered authori.
ties upon the subjects he covered. They in-
clude: History of the Indians) (1739); “The
Indians and the Spanish Conquest' (1840);
History and Description of the Caribs, their
Condition after the Conquest (1843); (Civiliza-
tion of the Indians Compared to their Social
Condition) (1845); and (The Incas of Peru and
the Spanish Conquest) (1748).
Rollin, Charles. A French historian and
humanist; born in Paris, Jan. 30, 1661; died
there, Sept. 14, 1741. His best-known work is
the Ancient History) (1730-38), often reprinted
in France, England, and America, and not
useless even yet as an entertaining popular
work to create an interest in history. He wrote
in an uncritical age, but he was a good story-
teller and a keen judge of a good story. His
other works include "Roman History (1738-48),
and a “Treatise on Study) (1726-31).
Rollinat, André (ro-le-nä'). A French his-
torian; born at Bordeaux in 1741; died at Nantes
in 1793. He devoted himself to researches on
the early navigators who have been credited
with the discovery of America, and published
"Researches on the Forerunners of Christopher
Columbus in America' (1785); (The Norwegian
Sagas and the Scandinavian Navigators' (1788);
(Table of the Tithes Paid to the Treasury of
St. Peter during the Thirteenth and Fourteenth
Centuries by Vinland) (1790); History of the
Norse Navigators) (1791); and ( Researches on
the Discovery of Brazil by a Dieppe Naviga-
tor of the Fifteenth Century) (1791).
Rollinat, Maurice. A French poet; born
at Châteauroux (Indre), in 1853. In his first
book of poems, In the Heaths) (1877), he re-
produced in verse the most remarkable pass.
ages of George Sand's "La Petite Fadette) and
(La Mare au Diable. ) His other works in-
clude : "Les Névroses ) (1883), and “The Abyss)
(1886), besides his musical productions of (Ten
Melodies (1877) and (Rondels and Rondeaux)
(1883). All of his poems have been received
most favorably.
Rollins, Alice Marland (Wellington). An
American verse-writer; born in Boston, June
12, 1847; died Dec. 5, 1897. She has written :
(My Welcome Beyond, and Other Poems)
(1885); (All Sorts of Children (1886); (The
Three Tetons) (1887); Uncle Tom's Tene-
ment) (1888); and (From Palm to Glacier. '
Romey, Louis Charles Réparat Geneviève
Octave (ro-mā'). A French historian and mis-
cellaneous writer; born at Paris, Dec. 26, 1804;
died there, April 1874. After extensive travels,
and a long sojourn in Spain, where he studied
its history and literature, he returned to France
and began to work upon his * History of Spain
from its Early Days to the Present Time)
(1838–51); a history of great merit, but one
which he never completed. His other writings
include: (Châteaubriand as Prophet) (1849);
(Ancient and Modern Russia' (1855); (A Voy-
age among my Books) (1861); Men and
Things of Various Times) (1864); many trans-
lations, notably that of Uncle Tom's Cabin)
(1853); and many valuable contributions to
periodicals.
Romieu, Auguste (röm-ye'). A French ad-
ministrator and littérateur; born at Paris, Oct.
17, 1800; died Nov. 20, 1855. He spent his
youth in dissipation, and in the production of
vaudevilles and brilliant witticisms; but after
the Coup d'État, published two works of merit
which attracted attention, (The Era of the
Cæsars) (1850) and (The Red Spectre (1851).
Rondelet, Antonin François (rôn-dlā'). A
French professor and economist; born at Lyons,
Feb. 28, 1823; died Jan. 24, 1893.
His professor
in philosophy, the Abbé Noirot, exerted upon
him a most important religious and philosophic
influence,--one so profound as to be felt in all
his writings. He has written : (Critical Expo.
sition of the Ethics of Aristotle) (1847); (Spirit.
ualism in Political Economy) (1859); Memoirs
of a Man of the World (1861); (The Science
of Faith) (1867); (Reflections upon Literature
and Philosophy, Morals and Religion (1881);
(The Book of Old Age) (1888); (An Unfortu-
nate Woman' (1890); and many others.
30
## p. 466 (#482) ############################################
466
RONSARD - ROSA GONZALES
:
Ronsard, Pierre de (ron-sar'). A French
poet; born at Château de la Poissonnière, Ven.
dômois, Sept. II, 1524; died Dec. 27, 1585. He
was the first representative of the new school
of literature, which completely disregarded the
traditions and ideals of the native literature,
and substituted the classic models of Rome and
Greece. He and his followers began the crea-
tion of a new French literature, one which has
reigned in France and other countries for cen-
turies. He published: (Odes) (1550); Amours)
(1552); (Hymns) (1555); and four books of his
ambitious epic, La Franciade! (1572), never
completed. His popularity waned after the
advent of Malherbe, but his influence was
never lost. *
Ronstn, Charles Philippe (ron-san'). A
French dramatist; born at Soissons in 1750 or
1752; guillotined at Paris, March 24, 1794. He
wrote six tragedies and two comedies : (The
League of Fanatics and Tyrants) (1791) and
(Arétophile (1793) were played in Paris with
most brilliant success.
Roosevelt, Robert Barnwell. An American
lawyer and miscellaneous writer; born in New
York city, Aug. 7, 1829. He is an enthusiastic
sportsman, and has published: (The Game
Fish of North America) (1800); (The Game
Birds of the North) (1866); (Superior Fishing
(1866); (Florida and the Game Water Birds )
(1868); "Five Acres Too Much) (1869), a satire
provoked by Edmund Morris's (Ten Acres
Enough'; and Progressive Petticoats,' a humor-
ous satire on female physicians.
Roosevelt, Theodore. An American poli-
tician and author; born in New York city,
Oct. 27, 1858. He has allied himself with the
civil-service reform movement, and with other
reforms in the government of his native city,
and is now (1898) Assistant Secretary of the
Navy. He has written : (The Naval War of
1812) (1882); (Hunting Trips of a Ranchinan)
(1885); "Life of Thomas Hart Benton (1887);
(Gouverneur Morris) (1888); (Essays on Prac-
tical Politics) (1888); (Ranch Life and the
Hunting Trail (1888); “ Winning of the West)
(1889); History of New York City) (1891);
and (The Wilderness Hunter) (1893). *
Root, George Frederick. An American
musician and song-writer; born at Sheffield,
Mass. , Aug. 30, 1820; died Aug. 6, 1895. His
first song, Hazel Dell (1853), was very pop-
ular. It appeared as the work of «Wurzel,
the German name for "Root," -- a pseudonym
he often used later. Among the most popular
of his songs are: (Rosalie, the Prairie Flower)
(1855); Shouting the Battle Cry of Free-
dom) (1861); Just Before the Battle, Mother)
(1863); “Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the Boys are
Marching? (1864); and the well-known quartet,
( There's Music in the Air. His cantatas in-
clude (The Flower Queen) (1852) and (The
Haymakers) (1857). He has done much to ele-
vate the standard of music in this country, and
has also published methods for the piano and
organ, handbooks on harmony and teaching, etc.
Ropes, John Codman. A Russian-American
lawyer and military historian; born at St.
Petersburg in 1836. Besides contributions to
the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts
and to periodicals, he has written : (The Army
under Pope) (1881); (The First Napoleon
(1885); “The Campaign of Waterloo); (Atlas
of Waterloo '; and (The Story of the Civil
War.
Roqueplan, Louis Victor Nestor (rök-plan').
A French littérateur; born at allemort (dept.
Bouches-du-Rhône), in 1804; died in Paris,
April 24, 1870. He gained a reputation at the
end of the Restoration by his contributions
to literary journals, principally Figaro. He has
published a number of clever books, among
them being : News at Hand); (Renewal of
Parisian Life) (1853); and (The Green-Rooms
of the Opera' (1855).
Roquette, Adrien Emmanuel (rõ-ket'). An
American poet; born at New Orleans, La. , Feb.
13, 1813; died there, July 15, 1887. He was
chaplain to the Roman Catholic Seminary at
New Orleans, and known as the Abbé Ro-
quette. His principal works include : Les
Savannes : American Poems) (1841), in which
the Souvenir of Kentucky) is best known;
(Wild Flowers : Sacred Poetry) (1848); “Deep
Solitude in America' (1852); L'Antoniade; or,
Solitude with God) (1860); Patriotic Poems)
(1860); and (Catherine Tehgahkwita) (1873).
He wrote with equal ease and grace in Eng-
lish and French.
Roquette, Otto. A German poet; born at
Krotoschin, Posen, April 19, 1824. An instruc-
tor for many years in Dresden and Berlin, he
renounced this career and turned to the exclus-
ive study of literature. He soon acquired a
great reputation in his native land by his
graceful poems, notably 'Waldermeister's Bridal
Tour) (1851). He has published : a (Song
Book (1852); History of German Literature)
(1862–63); Dramatic Poems) (1867-76); “Wald-
ermeister's Silver Wedding) (1876); and others.
Also a number of dramatic poems, including:
(The Enemy at Home); (The Serpent); and
(The Garden of Roses) (1876).
Rosa, Salvator (ro'sä). An Italian painter
and poet; born at Renella, near Naples, about
1615; died March 15, 1673. He wrote many
lyric poems, which he set to music; and a
number of satires, the best known of which
are : (War, (Envy, Babylon, (The Painter,
Poetry, and Music. ) His writings display
the same energy and life as are conspicuous in
his paintings. His “Satires) were published in
1719, and were incorporated with his (Odes
and Letters) (1860).
Rosa Gonzales, Juan de la (ro'sä gon-thä'.
lās). A Spanish dramatist; born at Valladolid
in 1820. His articles in criticism have placed
him among the first of Spanish contemporary
literary critics. He has also written lyric po-
etry, and a number of successful dramas, nota-
bly (At the Cock's Mass ); (With and Without
(
## p. 467 (#483) ############################################
ROSCOE - ROSINI
467
Reason); (The Counsels of Thomas); (The
Son of the People); (The Spanish Adventurer);
and Jealousy of a Noble Soul. "
Roscoe, Thomas. An English translator and
author; born at Toxteth Park, Liverpool, June
23, 1791 ; died at St. John's Wood, London, Sept.
24, 1871. He followed literature as a profession
until within a few years of his death, and pro-
duced and translated many books. His ori-
ginal works include: (Gonzola the Traitor: a
Tragedy) (1820); (The Tourist in Switzerland
and Italy) (1830), followed by six volumes of
a similar character ;Legends of Venice) (1841);
"Life of William the Conqueror) (1846); “The
Last of the Abencerages, and Other Poems!
(1850); and others. His translations comprise :
(Memoirs of Benvenuto Cellini) (1822); (Ital-
ian Novelists) (1825); (German Novelists)
(1826); (Spanish Novelists) (1832); and many
others.
Roscoe, William. An English historian;
born at Mt. Pleasant, Liverpool, March 8, 1753;
died at Toxteth Park, Liverpool, June 30, 1831.
His most important work, The Life of Lo-
renzo de' Medici? (1795), did much toward
stimulating English interest in Italian literature.
His “The Butterfly's Ball and the Grasshop-
per's Feast) (1807), a nursery classic in verse,
attracted the attention of the king and queen,
and was set to music for the young princesses.
Among his many other works may be named :
(A General View of the African Slave Trade)
(1788); (The Life and Pontificate of Leo the
Tenth) (1805); and “On the Origin and Vicis.
situdes of Literature, Science, and Art' (1817).
Roscommon, Wentworth Dillon, Earl of.
An Irish poet; born in 1633 ; died in London,
Jan. 17, 1684 or 1685. He devoted himself to
the production of literature, much of it in con-
junction with Dryden; and produced among
other works : Essays on Translated Verse)
(1684); a blank-verse paraphrase of Horace's
(Ars Poetica' (1680); and a translation of Dies
Iræ.
Rose, George. See Sketchley.
Rosegger, Petri Kettenfeier (ro'seg-er). An
Austrian poet and novelist; born at Alpl, a
small village in the Styrian Alps, July 31, 1843.
His youth was one of great poverty, and at 17
he was apprenticed to a tailor; but the excep-
tional merit of his poetry secured him patron-
age which enabled him to devote himself ex-
clusively to literature. His first book, "Zither
and Cymbals) (1869), a collection of poems
in the Styrian dialect, met with immediate
success. The best known of his other works,
which include stories, sketches, and novels, con-
cerning the peasant life about him, are: 'Tales
of the Alps' (1873); “Out of the Woods) (1874);
The Seeker after God' (1883); (The Last
Jacob) (1888); Hoch vom Dachstein (1892);
and Peter Mayr) (1894).
Rosell, Gayetano (rõ-sel'). A Spanish lit-
térateur; born in Madrid near 1815. He fol-
lowed the career of a journalist, writing many
successful articles in criticism and history. He
has published: (The Mother of St. Frederick,
a drama well received; Before You Marry,'
(The Hypocrite,' and (For a Watch and a
Hat,' all comedies; History of the Naval Com-
bat of Lepanto, regarded as the best descrip-
tion of that battle ever written; and many
translations.
Rosen, George, Baron de (rõºzen). A Rus-
sian poet; born at St. Petersburg in 1805; died
in 1860. A friend and imitator of Pushkin,
his (Three Poems) (1827) met with immediate
success; as did the succeeding volumes, includ-
ing (The Mystery) (1828); “The Virgin among
the Angels) (1828); and (The Birth of Ivan
the Terrible. He has also written tragedies,
operas, and translations. His poetry is har.
monious, elegant, and full of melancholy; but
lacks force and originality.
Rosenkranz, Johann Karl Friedrich (ro'zen-
kränts). A German philosopher; born at
Magdeburg, April 23, 1805; died June 14, 1879.
He was the best representative of the cen-
tre) of Hegel's school, and spent much time in
rearranging and reclassifying the system. His
principal works, nearly all of which have re-
ceived English versions, are: Psychology, or
the Science of Subjective Mind (1837); “Crit-
ical Explanations of Hegel's System (1840);
Life of Hegel' (1844); Modifications of Logic)
(1846); (System of Science) (1850); {Æsthetics
of the Ugly) (1853); Autobiography) (1873);
(The History of Literature (1875).
Rosenthal-Bonin, Hugo (ro'zen-täl-bõ'nēn).
A German novelist; born in Berlin, Oct. 14,
1840. He has written a great number of suc-
cessful novels, including: (The Obstacle to
Marriage (1876); (Subterranean Fire) (1879);
(The Diamond Polisher' (1881); “Black Shad-
ows) (1884); (The House with Two Entrances)
(1885); and (The Captain's Daughter' (1887).
Rosetti or Roseti, Constantin (ro-zet'tē).
A Roumanian poet and politician; born at
Bucharest, June 14, 1816; died April 19, 1885.
lie published a volume of poems under the
title of Hours of Contentment! (1843); and
wrote many political treatises, poems, and trans-
lations, a new edition of which appeared in
Bucharest in 1885.
Rosier, Joseph Bernard (roz-yā'). A
French dramatist; born at Béziers, Hérault,
Oct. 18, 1804; died at Marseilles, Oct. 12, 1880.
His well-known comedies are bright and full
of wit. They include : (The Husband of my
Wife) (1830); (A Criminal Case) (1836); At
Thirty Years) (1838); (The Protégé (1839);
(Raymond (1851); “Every One for Himself
(1856); and many others.
Rosini, Giovanni (ro-se'ne). An Italian
littérateur; born at Lucignano, Tuscany, June
24, 1776; died May 16, 1855. His poem entitled
(The Marriage of Jupiter and Latona) (1810),
written upon the occasion of the marriage of
Napoleon with Marie Louise, was awarded an
imperial prize of 10,000 francs. His many
## p. 468 (#484) ############################################
468
ROSMINI - ROSSETTI
>
works of prose and poetry include "Poems) Worthies); 'Improbable Tales); 'Two Soldiers
(1819); three historical romances, translated and a Politician'; (The Puppet); (The Scar-
into many languages, -(The Nun of Monza) let Coat); (Battle Tales); (Bobbie McDuff);
(1829), (Count Ugolin de la Gherardesca,' (The Meddling Hussy); and (Zuleika. )
and Luisa Strozzi! (1833); and a historical
drama, (Torquato Tasso) (1835). He excels
Ross-Church, Mrs. Florence. See Marryat,
as a literary and artistic critic, and his History
Florence.
of Italian Painting' (1834) is highly valued. Rossetti, Christina Georgina (ro-set'ē). An
Rosmini-Serbati, Antonio (roz-mē'nē). A
English poet, sister of Dante Gabriel; born in
noted Italian philosopher; born at Roveredo,
London, Dec. 5, 1830 ; died Dec. 29, 1894. Gob-
Tyrol, March 25, 1797 ; died at Stresa, July 1,
lin Market! (1862) is regarded as her finest
1855. He produced some thirty volumes on
production. Her other writings consist chiefly
ontology, theosophy, theodicy, pedagogy, super-
of lyric poems of great beauty, and sonnets
natural anthropology, ethics, methodology, and
mostly of a grave and simple devotional order.
other subjects; and he has disciples who con-
They include: (The Prince's Progress) (1860);
sider his name the greatest in modern meta-
'Commonplace, and Other Short Stories) (in
physics. English translations of his Psychol.
prose : 1870); (Sing-Song: A Nursery Rhyme
ogy) and (Pedagogy) have appeared. But his
Book) (1872); (Annus Domini: A Prayer for
Each Day in the Year? (1873); Speaking
most important work is New Treatises on the
Origins of Ideas) (1830).
Likenesses) (1874); (Seek and Find) (1879);
(A Pageant, and Other Poems) (1881); (Letter
Rosmini, Carlo de. An Italian historian
and Spirit' (1883); “Verses) (1893); and several
and biographer; born at Roveredo, Oct. 29,
posthumous works. *
1758; died at Milan, June 9, 1827. After some
attempts at poetry and poetic criticism, he Rossetti, Dante Gabriel. The celebrated
wrote his finest work, Life of Victorin de English painter and poet; born in London, May
Feltre) (1801). Among his many other books 12, 1828; died at Birchington, Kent, April 9, 1882.
may be named: Life of Ovid) (1789); (Me- He was foremost among the founders of the
moirs on the Life and Writings of Clement Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood. He began writ-
Baroni Cavalcabro) (1798); "The Exemplary ing verse when but a few years old, and his
Life and Death of Marie Josephine Repetti, á Blessed Damozel) was published at 19; four
Young Milanese (1815); and History of Milan) years later he wrote the remarkable poem
(1820). He was a most conscientious hagiogra-
(Sister Helen. His other works include the
pher, withdrawing from the world and living translations of (Early Italian Poets (1861), re-
almost the life of a hermit that he might de- issued as Dante and his Circle); the magnifi.
vote himself more closely to his work.
cent ballads (Rose Mary) (1871), (The White
Ship) and (The King's Tragedy) (1880); the
Rosny, Antoine Joseph Nicolas de (rõ-nē').
A French miscellaneous writer; born at Paris
sonnet-sequence (The House of Life); and an
imaginative work in prose, 'Hand and Soul. *
in 1771; died at Valenciennes, Oct. 21, 1814.
He was one of the most prolific writers of his Rossetti, Gabriele. An Italian poet, father
century. His first book, (The Unfortunates of of Dante Gabriele; born at Vasto, Naples,
La Galetière (1796), a romance, was followed
March 1783; died in London, April 26, 1854.
with almost inconceivable rapidity by more In 1820 he composed the hymn (The Beautiful
than eighty volumes, among them being : (Life One with Seven Stars in her Hair, which be-
of Florian) (1797); (The Oracle of Apollo) came rapidly popular and is still classed among
(1800); and Literary View of France during Italian patriotic songs. Compelled to fee Italy
the Thirteenth Century) (1809), an attempt to for participation in the insurrections of 1820
finish the work on the literary history of France, and 1821, he established himself in England as
material for which had been collected by the a teacher of Italian, and published several
Benedictines of St. Maur. Chagrin at the mis- works dealing with the esoteric anti-papal
erable failure of his project hastened his death. significance of the Divine Comedy. They
include : (Divina Commedia) (1826); Dante's
Ross, Albert. See Porter, Linn Boyd.
Beatrice) (1842); and (The Anti-Papal Spirit
Ross, Alexander. A Scotch poet; born in which Led to the Reformation' (1832),
Aberdeenshire, April 13, 1699; died at Lochlee, lated into English by Miss C. Ward (1834).
Angus, May 20, 1784. He wrote verses from
his childhood, but published nothing until 69,
Rossetti, William Michael. An English
when he brought out (Helenore, or the Unfor-
poet and art critic, brother of Dante Gabriel;
tunate Shepherdess) (1768), written in the Bu-
born in London, Sept. 25, 1829. He is the au-
chan dialect, which became exceedingly popular
thor of Dante's Comedy --- The Hell, Trans-
in the north of Scotland. He also left in MS.
lated into Literal Blank Verse) (1865); Poems
eight volumes of miscellanies.
and Ballads : A Criticism' [of Swinburne ]
( 1866); (A Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley)
Ross, Clinton. An American novelist; born
(1869); and (Life of John Keats) (1887). He
in New York in 1861. He has published: (The has edited the works of many poets.
Silent Workman) (1886); (The Gallery of a
Random Collector (1888); (The Countess Bet- Rossi, Ernesto (ros'ē). An Italian actor
tina'; 'The Speculators); 'Adventures of Three and dramatist; born at Leghorn, 1829. Though
## p. 469 (#485) ############################################
ROST -- ROUGET DE LISLE
469
known chiefly as an actor, he has written
several plays, including (Adèla,' - a drama for
Mme. Ristori, with whom he has appeared, -
(The Hyenas, a social comedy, and « The Sol-
dier's Prayer); also a treatise on Hamlet);
(Dramatic Studies) (1882); (Forty Years of
Artistic Life, a collection of historical essays
and personal recollections; and Niccolai?
(1887-90).
Rost, John Christopher (röst). A German
poet; born at Leipsic, April 7, 1717 ; died in
1765.
(The [political] Lanterns of the Empire' (1884);
and (Fantasia) (1888).
Rochefoucauld, François, Duc de la (rösh-
fö-ko'), Prince de Marcillac. A great French
classic; born at Paris, Sept. 15, 1013; died
there, March 17, 1680. His celebrity is due
to his small volume of Reflections, or Moral
Sentences and Maxims, commonly known as
the (Maxims) (first ed. 1665; final edition of
## p. 463 (#479) ############################################
ROCHESTER - ROE
463
(
the author 1678, comprising 504 maxims). The
dominant note of the Maxims' is egoism :
virtue and vice are in themselves indifferent.
This philosophy of life is set forth with con-
summate wit, and in a style of faultless ele-
gance. His (Memoirs) (1662) possess literary
merit in a degree hardly inferior to the (Max-
ims); and in historical interest they are equal
to the most celebrated memoirs of the time. *
Rochester, John Wilmot, Earl of. An
English satirist and verse-writer; born at Ditch-
ley, Oxfordshire, April 10, 1648; died July 26,
1680. He became a favorite at the court of
Charles II. , and wrote songs and satires in
accordance with prevailing taste. His Poems
and Familiar Letters) were posthumously pub-
lished.
Rochon de Chabannes, Marc Antoine
Jacques (rô-shồn” dè sha-ban). A French
dramatist; born in Paris, Jan. 25, 1730; died
there, May 15, 1800. He wrote a great number
of successful comedies, published under the title
of “Theatre (1786); besides (Slothful Nobil-
ity) (1756), and Philosophic and Moral Dis-
course) (1768).
Rod, Édouard (rod). A French-Swiss novel-
ist and critic; born at Nyon in 1857. He has
published many works of criticism and erudi.
tion, among them being :'À propos de L'As-
sommoir)) (1879); (The Germans at Paris)
(1880); and (Wagner and the German Æs-
thetic) (1886). But he is better known as a
novelist, and has published: (The Fall of Miss
Topsy) (1882); (The Deathward Career) (1885);
(The Meaning of Life) (1889); (Stendhal)
(1891); and “The Sacrificed One) (1892).
Rodbertus, Johann Karl (rod-bãrt'ös)
(known as Rodbertus-Jagetzow). A German
political economist; born at Greifswald, Pomer-
ania, Aug. 12, 1805; died Dec. 6, 1875. He is
regarded by many as the founder of scien-
tific socialism. He maintains that all com-
modities can only be considered economically
as the product of labor, and cost nothing but
labor. ) His most important works are: (A
Contribution to the Knowledge of Municipal
Conditions) (1842); (Social Letters to Von
Kirchmann (1850-51), published later under
the title of "Capital (1888); Exposition and
Defense of the Existing Credit Note Based
upon Real Estate) (1868–69); (The Normal
Working-Day) (1871); Letters and Politico-
Social Theorems of Dr. Rodbertus-Jagetzow)
(1884).
Rodd, James Rennell. An English diplomat
and verse-writer; born in London, November
1858. He has published : Poems in Many
Lands) (1883); (Feda and Other Poems' (1886);
(The Unknown Madonna and Other Poems)
(1888); Frederick, Crown Prince and Emperor'
(1888), a biographical sketch; and others.
Rodenbach, George (rö'den-bäch). A Bel-
gian poet and journalist; born at Tournay, July
16, 1855. He is noted for the delicacy of his
poetic sentiment and the grace of his lines.
His great piece is (Belgium (1880), a histor-
ical poem; and he has also written : (The
Fireside and the Fields) (1877); "Sorrows)
(1879); (The Beautiful Sea) (1881); (The Win-
ter of Fashion (1884); (White Youth' (1886);
(Silence) (1888); (Art in Exile) (1889); “The
Reign of Silence) (1891); and one romance,
(Bruges la Morte) (1892).
Rodenberg, Julius (rö'den-berg). A Ger-
man poet and descriptive writer; born at Ro-
denberg, Hesse-Nassau, June 26, 1831. He sub-
stituted for his own name, Levy, that of his
birthplace. He has published accounts of his
extensive travels in France, England, Italy, and
Belgium, and has written poems of diverse
kinds, - epic, heroic-comic, lyrical, dramatic,
and opera librettos. His works include : Jour-
nalistic Life in London (1859); Paris by Day-
light and Gaslight' (1867); (An Educational
Tour in England) (1873); Pictures of Berlin
Life) (1885-88); and the romances (The Singer
of London's Streets) (1863); (The New Del-
uge) (1865), translated into many languages;
and By the Grace of God” (1870).
Rodger, Alexander. A Scotch minor poet;
born at Mid-Calder, Midlothian, July 16, 1784;
died at Glasgow, Sept. 26, 1846. He began as
a humble hand-loom weaver, and wrote some
of his best lyrics while inspector of cloths in
Glasgow. His style is somewhat rough, but
easy and vigorous. Ilis books include: (Scotch
Poetry, Songs, Odes, Authors, and Epigrams)
(1821); Poems and Songs, Humorous and Sa-
tirical (1838); (Stray Leaves from the Port-
folios of Alisander the Seer, Andrew Whaup,
and Humphrey Henkecke) (1842); and others.
His best-known poems are: (Robin Tamson's
Smiddy) and (Behave Yoursell before Folk. )
Roe, Azel Stevens. An American novelist;
born in New York city, Aug. 16, 1798; died at
East Windsor Hill, Conn. , Jan. I, 1886. He
left the wine business for the production of
literature, attaining considerable success. He
wrote: James Mountjoy) (1850); (To Love
and be Loved) (1852); (Time and Tide; or,
Strive and Win' (1852); (A Long Look Ahead)
(1855); (The Star and the Cloud? (1856); ( True
to the Last) (1859); "How Could He Help It ? )
(1860); Looking Around (1865); “Woman Our
Angel' (1866); ( The Cloud in the Heart' (1869);
(Resolution (1871); and (True Love Rewarded
(1877).
Roe, Edward Payson. An American novel-
ist; born in Orange County, N. Y. , March 7,
1838; died at Cornwall, N. Y. , July 19, 1888.
He has written a great number of very pop-
ular novels, which have been republished in
England and other countries. His first novel,
(Barriers Burned Away) (1872), met with im-
mediate success, and was followed by (What
Can She Do? ) (1873); (The Opening of a
Chestnut Burr) (1874); (From Jest to Earnest)
(1875); Near to Nature's Heart) (1876); (A
Knight of the Nineteenth Century) (1877);
(A Face Illumined) (1878); (A Day of Fate)
## p. 464 (#480) ############################################
464
ROGER OF HOVEDON - ROLFE
(1880); (Without a Home) (1880); (His Lon-
don Rivals) (1883); (A Young Girl's Wooing)
(1884); Nature's Serial Story) (1884); "An Ori.
ginal Belle) (1885); Driven Back to Eden)
(1885); He Fell in Love with his Wife) (1886);
(The Earth Trembled (1887); (A Hornet's
Nest! (1887); "Found, Yet Lost' (1888); Miss
Lou' (1888); and (Taken Alive, and Other
Stories.
Roger of Hovedon. An English chronicler,
known to have been alive in 1174; probably a
native of Howden; died in 1201 (? ). His chron-
icle extends from 732 to 1201 ; and although
careless in chronology, is of the highest value
as giving much attention to legal and consti.
tutional details.
Rogers, Henry. An English essayist and
reviewer; born at St. Albans, Oct. 18, 1806;
died in North Wales, Aug. 20, 1877. Although
he was neither philosopher nor theologian, his
writings hovered between philosophy and the-
ology, and were widely read. They include:
"Life and Character of John Howe) (1830);
(General Introduction to a Course of Lectures
on English Grammar and Composition (1838);
(The Eclipse of Faith (1853), a piece of clever
dialectics which had great vogue with the reli-
gious public of his day; (Reason and Faith
(1866); (The Superhuman Origin of the Bible!
(1873); and two series of Essays) (1850-55).
Rogers, James Edwin Thorold. An Eng-
lish economist ; born in Hampshire in 1823;
died at Oxford, Oct. 13, 1890. He was profes-
sor of political economy at Oxford, and will
be remembered as a historian of economics.
His principal work is (The History of Agri-
culture and Prices in England (1866-88), of
which (Six Centuries of Work and Wages)
(1885) is an abridgment. Among his other
writings are: (Cobden and Modern Political
Opinion (1873); (The First Nine Years of the
Bank of England) (1887); (The Economic In-
terpretation of History) (1888); and (The In-
dustrial and Commercial History of England
(1892).
Rogers, Robert. An American soldier and
author; born at Dunbarton, N. H. , 1727; died
in England in 1800. He commanded during
the French and Indian War (1755-63) the cel-
ebrated corps known as “Rogers's Rangers. ”
Later he published in England : (A Concise
Account of North America! (1765); Journal
of Major Robert Rogers) (1765); and Pon.
teach (Pontiac); or, The Savages of Amer-
ica,' a tragedy in blank verse, copies of which
are now very rare. He also left in MS. (A
Diary of the Siege of Detroit in the War with
Pontiac,' first published in 1860.
Rogers, Samuel. An English poet; born
at Newington Green, London, July 30, 1763;
died in London, Dec. 18, 1855. His wealth,
liberality, and social qualities, gave his pro-
ductions a great vogue. His best poem is the
(Pleasures of Memory) (1792), which passed
through fifteen editions. He wrote also : (The
Voyage of Columbus) (1812); Jacqueline)
( 1813); Human Life) ( 1819 ); and (Italy)
( 1822 ),- all highly prized for their exquisite
illustrations. He was the intimate friend of
nearly all the literary men of his time in Great
Britain. *
Rohan, Henri de (ro-oi). A French Gen-
eral and military writer; born in Brittany,
Aug. 25 (or 21), 1579; died April 13, 1038.
lle is less remarkable for military achieve.
ments than for his four books of memoirs :
the first three published under the title (Me-
moirs on Events in France from the Death of
Henry the Great to June 1629' (1644), cover-
ing the civil wars; and the fourth as Memoirs
and Letters on the War of the Valtelline
(1758), whither Richelieu had sent him to keep
off the Imperialists and the Spanish. They
rank among the finest of the memoirs written
by the aristocracy of the 16th and 17th cen-
turies. He also wrote (The Perfect Captain'
(1636), a political tract; and others.
Rohlfs, Anna Katherine (Green). See
Green.
Roig, Jaume (rā'ēg). A Spanish (Valencian)
poet of the 15th century. Although physician
to Queen Maria (wife of Alphonso V. ), he
wrote a work full of invectives against the fair
sex, intermingled with many moral precepts,
under the title of Book of very Salutary and
Profitable Counsels, as much for the Regulation
and Order of a Good Life, as for Augmenting
the Devotion to the Purity and Conception of
the Virgin Mary) (1531). Copies of this work
are now very rare. He occupies one of the first
places among the Spanish poets who followed
and emulated the troubadours.
Rojas y Zorilla, Francisco (rõ'has ē thô.
rel'yä). A Spanish dramatist; born in Toledo,
Oct. 4, 1607; died probably after 1680. Twenty.
four of his plays are now extant, which were
published in two parts (1640 and 1645). The
finest is None Below the King,' considered
one of the classics among Spanish plays. Other
notable ones are : ( There is No Friend for a
Friend); (What Women Are); Persiles and
Sigismunda,' taken from Cervantes's romance;
(The Simpleton's Sport'; and (The Insult
Avenged.
Roland, Madame - Manon Jeanne Phlipon.
A French author and republican politician;
born in Paris, March 17, 1754 ; executed Nov.
8, 1793. She imbibed republican ideas from
Rousseau and her classical readings, and her
salon was the meeting place of the Girondist
party. She is well known for her Memoirs,'
written in prison, and edited by Dauban (1864);
as were her (Letters) (1869).
Rolfe, William James. An American edi
tor; born in Newburyport, Mass. , Dec. 10, 1827.
He is a distinguished Shakespearean scholar,
and has published many editions of Shakes-
peare, annotated; among them (The Friendly
Edition, in 20 vols. (1870-83), and a (School
Edition,' in 40 vols. He has also published:
## p. 465 (#481) ############################################
ROLLAND-RONDELET
465
"Shakespeare, the Boy); annotated editions
of selections from Tennyson, Scott, Browning,
Wordsworth, Gray, Goldsmith, and other Eng.
lish poets; several classical text-books; and
(Tales from English History?
Rolland, Amédée (rol-län'). A French littéra.
teur; born at Paris, February 1819; died July
26, 1868. Besides contributions to many jour.
nals, he published two books of verse, (At the
Bottom of the Glass) (1854) and (The Poem
of Death) (1866); and several plays, including
(The Merchant in Spite of Himself) (1858);
(An Upstart) (1859); "Our Ancestors) (1859).
Rollenhagen, Georg (rõl'en-hä''gen). A Ger.
man poet; born at Bernau, April 22, 1542; died
at Magdeburg, May 20, 1609. His great work
is the remarkable heroic-comic and didactic
poem entitled Froschmeuseler, the Grand
Court of the Frogs and Mice) (1595); where,
under the guise of frogs, rats, mice, cats, and
foxes, the author describes the people of his
day,- their customs, domestic life, temporal
and spiritual government, and lastly their
military state. He also wrote (The Limping
Courier,' and other works.
Rollett, Hermann (rol'let). An Austrian
poet; born near Vienna, Aug. 20, 1819. He
has published two collections of (Wreaths of
Song' (1842); “Wanderings of a Vienna Poet)
(1846); (A Sister) (1847); "War Songs) (1848);
"Oratorical Poems) (1871); Narrative Poems)
(1872); and others. An American edition of
his writings has appeared as Poems from the
German of Hermann Rollett) (1887).
Rollin, Ambrose Lucien (ro-lan'). A West-
Indian historian; born at Trois Rivières, Guade-
loupe, in 1692; died at Pointe à Pitre, in 1749.
He devoted his leisure to researches upon the
Caribs and other Indian tribes, and published
several works which are still considered authori.
ties upon the subjects he covered. They in-
clude: History of the Indians) (1739); “The
Indians and the Spanish Conquest' (1840);
History and Description of the Caribs, their
Condition after the Conquest (1843); (Civiliza-
tion of the Indians Compared to their Social
Condition) (1845); and (The Incas of Peru and
the Spanish Conquest) (1748).
Rollin, Charles. A French historian and
humanist; born in Paris, Jan. 30, 1661; died
there, Sept. 14, 1741. His best-known work is
the Ancient History) (1730-38), often reprinted
in France, England, and America, and not
useless even yet as an entertaining popular
work to create an interest in history. He wrote
in an uncritical age, but he was a good story-
teller and a keen judge of a good story. His
other works include "Roman History (1738-48),
and a “Treatise on Study) (1726-31).
Rollinat, André (ro-le-nä'). A French his-
torian; born at Bordeaux in 1741; died at Nantes
in 1793. He devoted himself to researches on
the early navigators who have been credited
with the discovery of America, and published
"Researches on the Forerunners of Christopher
Columbus in America' (1785); (The Norwegian
Sagas and the Scandinavian Navigators' (1788);
(Table of the Tithes Paid to the Treasury of
St. Peter during the Thirteenth and Fourteenth
Centuries by Vinland) (1790); History of the
Norse Navigators) (1791); and ( Researches on
the Discovery of Brazil by a Dieppe Naviga-
tor of the Fifteenth Century) (1791).
Rollinat, Maurice. A French poet; born
at Châteauroux (Indre), in 1853. In his first
book of poems, In the Heaths) (1877), he re-
produced in verse the most remarkable pass.
ages of George Sand's "La Petite Fadette) and
(La Mare au Diable. ) His other works in-
clude : "Les Névroses ) (1883), and “The Abyss)
(1886), besides his musical productions of (Ten
Melodies (1877) and (Rondels and Rondeaux)
(1883). All of his poems have been received
most favorably.
Rollins, Alice Marland (Wellington). An
American verse-writer; born in Boston, June
12, 1847; died Dec. 5, 1897. She has written :
(My Welcome Beyond, and Other Poems)
(1885); (All Sorts of Children (1886); (The
Three Tetons) (1887); Uncle Tom's Tene-
ment) (1888); and (From Palm to Glacier. '
Romey, Louis Charles Réparat Geneviève
Octave (ro-mā'). A French historian and mis-
cellaneous writer; born at Paris, Dec. 26, 1804;
died there, April 1874. After extensive travels,
and a long sojourn in Spain, where he studied
its history and literature, he returned to France
and began to work upon his * History of Spain
from its Early Days to the Present Time)
(1838–51); a history of great merit, but one
which he never completed. His other writings
include: (Châteaubriand as Prophet) (1849);
(Ancient and Modern Russia' (1855); (A Voy-
age among my Books) (1861); Men and
Things of Various Times) (1864); many trans-
lations, notably that of Uncle Tom's Cabin)
(1853); and many valuable contributions to
periodicals.
Romieu, Auguste (röm-ye'). A French ad-
ministrator and littérateur; born at Paris, Oct.
17, 1800; died Nov. 20, 1855. He spent his
youth in dissipation, and in the production of
vaudevilles and brilliant witticisms; but after
the Coup d'État, published two works of merit
which attracted attention, (The Era of the
Cæsars) (1850) and (The Red Spectre (1851).
Rondelet, Antonin François (rôn-dlā'). A
French professor and economist; born at Lyons,
Feb. 28, 1823; died Jan. 24, 1893.
His professor
in philosophy, the Abbé Noirot, exerted upon
him a most important religious and philosophic
influence,--one so profound as to be felt in all
his writings. He has written : (Critical Expo.
sition of the Ethics of Aristotle) (1847); (Spirit.
ualism in Political Economy) (1859); Memoirs
of a Man of the World (1861); (The Science
of Faith) (1867); (Reflections upon Literature
and Philosophy, Morals and Religion (1881);
(The Book of Old Age) (1888); (An Unfortu-
nate Woman' (1890); and many others.
30
## p. 466 (#482) ############################################
466
RONSARD - ROSA GONZALES
:
Ronsard, Pierre de (ron-sar'). A French
poet; born at Château de la Poissonnière, Ven.
dômois, Sept. II, 1524; died Dec. 27, 1585. He
was the first representative of the new school
of literature, which completely disregarded the
traditions and ideals of the native literature,
and substituted the classic models of Rome and
Greece. He and his followers began the crea-
tion of a new French literature, one which has
reigned in France and other countries for cen-
turies. He published: (Odes) (1550); Amours)
(1552); (Hymns) (1555); and four books of his
ambitious epic, La Franciade! (1572), never
completed. His popularity waned after the
advent of Malherbe, but his influence was
never lost. *
Ronstn, Charles Philippe (ron-san'). A
French dramatist; born at Soissons in 1750 or
1752; guillotined at Paris, March 24, 1794. He
wrote six tragedies and two comedies : (The
League of Fanatics and Tyrants) (1791) and
(Arétophile (1793) were played in Paris with
most brilliant success.
Roosevelt, Robert Barnwell. An American
lawyer and miscellaneous writer; born in New
York city, Aug. 7, 1829. He is an enthusiastic
sportsman, and has published: (The Game
Fish of North America) (1800); (The Game
Birds of the North) (1866); (Superior Fishing
(1866); (Florida and the Game Water Birds )
(1868); "Five Acres Too Much) (1869), a satire
provoked by Edmund Morris's (Ten Acres
Enough'; and Progressive Petticoats,' a humor-
ous satire on female physicians.
Roosevelt, Theodore. An American poli-
tician and author; born in New York city,
Oct. 27, 1858. He has allied himself with the
civil-service reform movement, and with other
reforms in the government of his native city,
and is now (1898) Assistant Secretary of the
Navy. He has written : (The Naval War of
1812) (1882); (Hunting Trips of a Ranchinan)
(1885); "Life of Thomas Hart Benton (1887);
(Gouverneur Morris) (1888); (Essays on Prac-
tical Politics) (1888); (Ranch Life and the
Hunting Trail (1888); “ Winning of the West)
(1889); History of New York City) (1891);
and (The Wilderness Hunter) (1893). *
Root, George Frederick. An American
musician and song-writer; born at Sheffield,
Mass. , Aug. 30, 1820; died Aug. 6, 1895. His
first song, Hazel Dell (1853), was very pop-
ular. It appeared as the work of «Wurzel,
the German name for "Root," -- a pseudonym
he often used later. Among the most popular
of his songs are: (Rosalie, the Prairie Flower)
(1855); Shouting the Battle Cry of Free-
dom) (1861); Just Before the Battle, Mother)
(1863); “Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the Boys are
Marching? (1864); and the well-known quartet,
( There's Music in the Air. His cantatas in-
clude (The Flower Queen) (1852) and (The
Haymakers) (1857). He has done much to ele-
vate the standard of music in this country, and
has also published methods for the piano and
organ, handbooks on harmony and teaching, etc.
Ropes, John Codman. A Russian-American
lawyer and military historian; born at St.
Petersburg in 1836. Besides contributions to
the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts
and to periodicals, he has written : (The Army
under Pope) (1881); (The First Napoleon
(1885); “The Campaign of Waterloo); (Atlas
of Waterloo '; and (The Story of the Civil
War.
Roqueplan, Louis Victor Nestor (rök-plan').
A French littérateur; born at allemort (dept.
Bouches-du-Rhône), in 1804; died in Paris,
April 24, 1870. He gained a reputation at the
end of the Restoration by his contributions
to literary journals, principally Figaro. He has
published a number of clever books, among
them being : News at Hand); (Renewal of
Parisian Life) (1853); and (The Green-Rooms
of the Opera' (1855).
Roquette, Adrien Emmanuel (rõ-ket'). An
American poet; born at New Orleans, La. , Feb.
13, 1813; died there, July 15, 1887. He was
chaplain to the Roman Catholic Seminary at
New Orleans, and known as the Abbé Ro-
quette. His principal works include : Les
Savannes : American Poems) (1841), in which
the Souvenir of Kentucky) is best known;
(Wild Flowers : Sacred Poetry) (1848); “Deep
Solitude in America' (1852); L'Antoniade; or,
Solitude with God) (1860); Patriotic Poems)
(1860); and (Catherine Tehgahkwita) (1873).
He wrote with equal ease and grace in Eng-
lish and French.
Roquette, Otto. A German poet; born at
Krotoschin, Posen, April 19, 1824. An instruc-
tor for many years in Dresden and Berlin, he
renounced this career and turned to the exclus-
ive study of literature. He soon acquired a
great reputation in his native land by his
graceful poems, notably 'Waldermeister's Bridal
Tour) (1851). He has published : a (Song
Book (1852); History of German Literature)
(1862–63); Dramatic Poems) (1867-76); “Wald-
ermeister's Silver Wedding) (1876); and others.
Also a number of dramatic poems, including:
(The Enemy at Home); (The Serpent); and
(The Garden of Roses) (1876).
Rosa, Salvator (ro'sä). An Italian painter
and poet; born at Renella, near Naples, about
1615; died March 15, 1673. He wrote many
lyric poems, which he set to music; and a
number of satires, the best known of which
are : (War, (Envy, Babylon, (The Painter,
Poetry, and Music. ) His writings display
the same energy and life as are conspicuous in
his paintings. His “Satires) were published in
1719, and were incorporated with his (Odes
and Letters) (1860).
Rosa Gonzales, Juan de la (ro'sä gon-thä'.
lās). A Spanish dramatist; born at Valladolid
in 1820. His articles in criticism have placed
him among the first of Spanish contemporary
literary critics. He has also written lyric po-
etry, and a number of successful dramas, nota-
bly (At the Cock's Mass ); (With and Without
(
## p. 467 (#483) ############################################
ROSCOE - ROSINI
467
Reason); (The Counsels of Thomas); (The
Son of the People); (The Spanish Adventurer);
and Jealousy of a Noble Soul. "
Roscoe, Thomas. An English translator and
author; born at Toxteth Park, Liverpool, June
23, 1791 ; died at St. John's Wood, London, Sept.
24, 1871. He followed literature as a profession
until within a few years of his death, and pro-
duced and translated many books. His ori-
ginal works include: (Gonzola the Traitor: a
Tragedy) (1820); (The Tourist in Switzerland
and Italy) (1830), followed by six volumes of
a similar character ;Legends of Venice) (1841);
"Life of William the Conqueror) (1846); “The
Last of the Abencerages, and Other Poems!
(1850); and others. His translations comprise :
(Memoirs of Benvenuto Cellini) (1822); (Ital-
ian Novelists) (1825); (German Novelists)
(1826); (Spanish Novelists) (1832); and many
others.
Roscoe, William. An English historian;
born at Mt. Pleasant, Liverpool, March 8, 1753;
died at Toxteth Park, Liverpool, June 30, 1831.
His most important work, The Life of Lo-
renzo de' Medici? (1795), did much toward
stimulating English interest in Italian literature.
His “The Butterfly's Ball and the Grasshop-
per's Feast) (1807), a nursery classic in verse,
attracted the attention of the king and queen,
and was set to music for the young princesses.
Among his many other works may be named :
(A General View of the African Slave Trade)
(1788); (The Life and Pontificate of Leo the
Tenth) (1805); and “On the Origin and Vicis.
situdes of Literature, Science, and Art' (1817).
Roscommon, Wentworth Dillon, Earl of.
An Irish poet; born in 1633 ; died in London,
Jan. 17, 1684 or 1685. He devoted himself to
the production of literature, much of it in con-
junction with Dryden; and produced among
other works : Essays on Translated Verse)
(1684); a blank-verse paraphrase of Horace's
(Ars Poetica' (1680); and a translation of Dies
Iræ.
Rose, George. See Sketchley.
Rosegger, Petri Kettenfeier (ro'seg-er). An
Austrian poet and novelist; born at Alpl, a
small village in the Styrian Alps, July 31, 1843.
His youth was one of great poverty, and at 17
he was apprenticed to a tailor; but the excep-
tional merit of his poetry secured him patron-
age which enabled him to devote himself ex-
clusively to literature. His first book, "Zither
and Cymbals) (1869), a collection of poems
in the Styrian dialect, met with immediate
success. The best known of his other works,
which include stories, sketches, and novels, con-
cerning the peasant life about him, are: 'Tales
of the Alps' (1873); “Out of the Woods) (1874);
The Seeker after God' (1883); (The Last
Jacob) (1888); Hoch vom Dachstein (1892);
and Peter Mayr) (1894).
Rosell, Gayetano (rõ-sel'). A Spanish lit-
térateur; born in Madrid near 1815. He fol-
lowed the career of a journalist, writing many
successful articles in criticism and history. He
has published: (The Mother of St. Frederick,
a drama well received; Before You Marry,'
(The Hypocrite,' and (For a Watch and a
Hat,' all comedies; History of the Naval Com-
bat of Lepanto, regarded as the best descrip-
tion of that battle ever written; and many
translations.
Rosen, George, Baron de (rõºzen). A Rus-
sian poet; born at St. Petersburg in 1805; died
in 1860. A friend and imitator of Pushkin,
his (Three Poems) (1827) met with immediate
success; as did the succeeding volumes, includ-
ing (The Mystery) (1828); “The Virgin among
the Angels) (1828); and (The Birth of Ivan
the Terrible. He has also written tragedies,
operas, and translations. His poetry is har.
monious, elegant, and full of melancholy; but
lacks force and originality.
Rosenkranz, Johann Karl Friedrich (ro'zen-
kränts). A German philosopher; born at
Magdeburg, April 23, 1805; died June 14, 1879.
He was the best representative of the cen-
tre) of Hegel's school, and spent much time in
rearranging and reclassifying the system. His
principal works, nearly all of which have re-
ceived English versions, are: Psychology, or
the Science of Subjective Mind (1837); “Crit-
ical Explanations of Hegel's System (1840);
Life of Hegel' (1844); Modifications of Logic)
(1846); (System of Science) (1850); {Æsthetics
of the Ugly) (1853); Autobiography) (1873);
(The History of Literature (1875).
Rosenthal-Bonin, Hugo (ro'zen-täl-bõ'nēn).
A German novelist; born in Berlin, Oct. 14,
1840. He has written a great number of suc-
cessful novels, including: (The Obstacle to
Marriage (1876); (Subterranean Fire) (1879);
(The Diamond Polisher' (1881); “Black Shad-
ows) (1884); (The House with Two Entrances)
(1885); and (The Captain's Daughter' (1887).
Rosetti or Roseti, Constantin (ro-zet'tē).
A Roumanian poet and politician; born at
Bucharest, June 14, 1816; died April 19, 1885.
lie published a volume of poems under the
title of Hours of Contentment! (1843); and
wrote many political treatises, poems, and trans-
lations, a new edition of which appeared in
Bucharest in 1885.
Rosier, Joseph Bernard (roz-yā'). A
French dramatist; born at Béziers, Hérault,
Oct. 18, 1804; died at Marseilles, Oct. 12, 1880.
His well-known comedies are bright and full
of wit. They include : (The Husband of my
Wife) (1830); (A Criminal Case) (1836); At
Thirty Years) (1838); (The Protégé (1839);
(Raymond (1851); “Every One for Himself
(1856); and many others.
Rosini, Giovanni (ro-se'ne). An Italian
littérateur; born at Lucignano, Tuscany, June
24, 1776; died May 16, 1855. His poem entitled
(The Marriage of Jupiter and Latona) (1810),
written upon the occasion of the marriage of
Napoleon with Marie Louise, was awarded an
imperial prize of 10,000 francs. His many
## p. 468 (#484) ############################################
468
ROSMINI - ROSSETTI
>
works of prose and poetry include "Poems) Worthies); 'Improbable Tales); 'Two Soldiers
(1819); three historical romances, translated and a Politician'; (The Puppet); (The Scar-
into many languages, -(The Nun of Monza) let Coat); (Battle Tales); (Bobbie McDuff);
(1829), (Count Ugolin de la Gherardesca,' (The Meddling Hussy); and (Zuleika. )
and Luisa Strozzi! (1833); and a historical
drama, (Torquato Tasso) (1835). He excels
Ross-Church, Mrs. Florence. See Marryat,
as a literary and artistic critic, and his History
Florence.
of Italian Painting' (1834) is highly valued. Rossetti, Christina Georgina (ro-set'ē). An
Rosmini-Serbati, Antonio (roz-mē'nē). A
English poet, sister of Dante Gabriel; born in
noted Italian philosopher; born at Roveredo,
London, Dec. 5, 1830 ; died Dec. 29, 1894. Gob-
Tyrol, March 25, 1797 ; died at Stresa, July 1,
lin Market! (1862) is regarded as her finest
1855. He produced some thirty volumes on
production. Her other writings consist chiefly
ontology, theosophy, theodicy, pedagogy, super-
of lyric poems of great beauty, and sonnets
natural anthropology, ethics, methodology, and
mostly of a grave and simple devotional order.
other subjects; and he has disciples who con-
They include: (The Prince's Progress) (1860);
sider his name the greatest in modern meta-
'Commonplace, and Other Short Stories) (in
physics. English translations of his Psychol.
prose : 1870); (Sing-Song: A Nursery Rhyme
ogy) and (Pedagogy) have appeared. But his
Book) (1872); (Annus Domini: A Prayer for
Each Day in the Year? (1873); Speaking
most important work is New Treatises on the
Origins of Ideas) (1830).
Likenesses) (1874); (Seek and Find) (1879);
(A Pageant, and Other Poems) (1881); (Letter
Rosmini, Carlo de. An Italian historian
and Spirit' (1883); “Verses) (1893); and several
and biographer; born at Roveredo, Oct. 29,
posthumous works. *
1758; died at Milan, June 9, 1827. After some
attempts at poetry and poetic criticism, he Rossetti, Dante Gabriel. The celebrated
wrote his finest work, Life of Victorin de English painter and poet; born in London, May
Feltre) (1801). Among his many other books 12, 1828; died at Birchington, Kent, April 9, 1882.
may be named: Life of Ovid) (1789); (Me- He was foremost among the founders of the
moirs on the Life and Writings of Clement Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood. He began writ-
Baroni Cavalcabro) (1798); "The Exemplary ing verse when but a few years old, and his
Life and Death of Marie Josephine Repetti, á Blessed Damozel) was published at 19; four
Young Milanese (1815); and History of Milan) years later he wrote the remarkable poem
(1820). He was a most conscientious hagiogra-
(Sister Helen. His other works include the
pher, withdrawing from the world and living translations of (Early Italian Poets (1861), re-
almost the life of a hermit that he might de- issued as Dante and his Circle); the magnifi.
vote himself more closely to his work.
cent ballads (Rose Mary) (1871), (The White
Ship) and (The King's Tragedy) (1880); the
Rosny, Antoine Joseph Nicolas de (rõ-nē').
A French miscellaneous writer; born at Paris
sonnet-sequence (The House of Life); and an
imaginative work in prose, 'Hand and Soul. *
in 1771; died at Valenciennes, Oct. 21, 1814.
He was one of the most prolific writers of his Rossetti, Gabriele. An Italian poet, father
century. His first book, (The Unfortunates of of Dante Gabriele; born at Vasto, Naples,
La Galetière (1796), a romance, was followed
March 1783; died in London, April 26, 1854.
with almost inconceivable rapidity by more In 1820 he composed the hymn (The Beautiful
than eighty volumes, among them being : (Life One with Seven Stars in her Hair, which be-
of Florian) (1797); (The Oracle of Apollo) came rapidly popular and is still classed among
(1800); and Literary View of France during Italian patriotic songs. Compelled to fee Italy
the Thirteenth Century) (1809), an attempt to for participation in the insurrections of 1820
finish the work on the literary history of France, and 1821, he established himself in England as
material for which had been collected by the a teacher of Italian, and published several
Benedictines of St. Maur. Chagrin at the mis- works dealing with the esoteric anti-papal
erable failure of his project hastened his death. significance of the Divine Comedy. They
include : (Divina Commedia) (1826); Dante's
Ross, Albert. See Porter, Linn Boyd.
Beatrice) (1842); and (The Anti-Papal Spirit
Ross, Alexander. A Scotch poet; born in which Led to the Reformation' (1832),
Aberdeenshire, April 13, 1699; died at Lochlee, lated into English by Miss C. Ward (1834).
Angus, May 20, 1784. He wrote verses from
his childhood, but published nothing until 69,
Rossetti, William Michael. An English
when he brought out (Helenore, or the Unfor-
poet and art critic, brother of Dante Gabriel;
tunate Shepherdess) (1768), written in the Bu-
born in London, Sept. 25, 1829. He is the au-
chan dialect, which became exceedingly popular
thor of Dante's Comedy --- The Hell, Trans-
in the north of Scotland. He also left in MS.
lated into Literal Blank Verse) (1865); Poems
eight volumes of miscellanies.
and Ballads : A Criticism' [of Swinburne ]
( 1866); (A Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley)
Ross, Clinton. An American novelist; born
(1869); and (Life of John Keats) (1887). He
in New York in 1861. He has published: (The has edited the works of many poets.
Silent Workman) (1886); (The Gallery of a
Random Collector (1888); (The Countess Bet- Rossi, Ernesto (ros'ē). An Italian actor
tina'; 'The Speculators); 'Adventures of Three and dramatist; born at Leghorn, 1829. Though
## p. 469 (#485) ############################################
ROST -- ROUGET DE LISLE
469
known chiefly as an actor, he has written
several plays, including (Adèla,' - a drama for
Mme. Ristori, with whom he has appeared, -
(The Hyenas, a social comedy, and « The Sol-
dier's Prayer); also a treatise on Hamlet);
(Dramatic Studies) (1882); (Forty Years of
Artistic Life, a collection of historical essays
and personal recollections; and Niccolai?
(1887-90).
Rost, John Christopher (röst). A German
poet; born at Leipsic, April 7, 1717 ; died in
1765.
