No More Learning

Drum-
which could represent with full effect the melan- mond, 8vo. Lond. 1809: but, excepting some de-
choly tenderness of Tibullus, the exquisite inge- tached passages rendered by Dryden, with all his
nuity of Ovid, the inimitable felicity and taste of wonted fire and inaccuracy, we possess nothing in
Horace, the gentleness, high spirit, and splendour our language which can be regarded as even a
of Virgil, and the vehement declamation of Juvenal ; tolerable representation of the original. The best
but had the verses of Lucretius perished we should translation into French is that by J. B. S. de Pon-
never have known that it could give utterance to the gerville, Paris, 1823, 1828 ; the best into Ita-
grandest conceptions with all that sustained majesty lian, that by Alessandro Marchetti, Lond. 1717,
and harmonious swell in which the Grecian Muse frequently reprinted ; the best into German,
rolls forth her loftiest outpourings. Yet, strange that by Knebel, Leipzig, 1821, and improved,
to say, the Romans themselves seem never to have Leipzig, 1831.
[W. R. )
done full justice to the surpassing genius of their LUCRI'NA, a surname of Venus, who had a
countryman. The criticism of Cicero is correct but temple at Baiae, near the Lucrine lake. (Stat.
cold, the tribute paid by Ovid to his memory is Silv. iii. 1. 150 ; Martial, xi. 81. ) [L. S. )
vague and affected, the observations of Quintilian LUCTEʻRIUS, the Cadurcan, described by
prove how little he bad entered into hie spirit or Caesar as a man of the greatest daring, was sent
appreciated his high enthusiasm, while the few into the country of the Ruteni, by Vercingetorix,
remaining writers by whom he is named either in- on the breaking out of the great Gallic insurrection
bult him with faint approbation, or indulge in direct in B. c. 52. Lucterius met with great success, col-
Statius alone, perhaps, proves himself lected a large force, and was on the point of
not insensible of the power which he describes as invading the Roman province in Gaul, in the
the docti furor arduus Lucreti. ” (Corn. Nep. direction of Narbo, when the arrival of Caesar
Att. xii. 4 ; Vitruv. ix. 3 ; Prop. ii. 25, 29 ; Vell. obliged him to retire. In the following year Luc-
Pat. ii. 36 ; Senec. de Tranquill
. Anim. 2, Ep. terius again formed the design of invading the
xcv. cx ; Plin. Ep. iv. 18 ; Tac. Dial. de Orat. 23. ) Roman province along with Drappes, the Senonian,
The editio Princeps of Lucretius was printed at but was defeated by the Roman legate C. Caninius
Brescia, in fol. , by Thomas Ferandus, about 1473, Rebilus, not far from Uxellodunum. (Caes. B. G.
and is of such excessive rarity that three copies only vii. 5, 7, 8 ; viii. 30—35. )
are known to exist. It has been fully described LUCTUS, a personification of grief or mourning,
by Dibdin in the Bibl. Spencer, vol. ii. p. 149–153. is described as a son of Aether and Terra. (Hygin.
The second edition, much less rare, and taken from Praef. ) This being, who wasted (edaa) the energies
an inferior MS. , appeared at Verona, fol. 1486, of man, is placed by the poets together with other
from the press of Paul Friedenberger. The text horrible creatures, at the entrance of the lower
was corrected from MSS. by Jo. Baptista Pius, fol. world. (Virg. Aen. vi. 274 ; Sil. Ital. xii.
Bonon. 1511, by Petrus Candidus, Florent. Phil. 581. )
(LS. )
Giunta. 8vo. 1512, and by Lambinus, whose two LUCULLUS, the surname of a plebeian family
editions 4to. 1563, 1570, especially the second, are of the Licinia gens. It does not appear in history
most valuable, and are accompanied by an excellent until the close of the second Punic war.
commentary. Considerable praise is due to Giſa nexed genealogy exhibits those members only of
nius, 8vo. Antw. 1566, to Pareus, 2 vol. 8vo. the family whose descent and connection can be
Francf. 1631, to Creech, 8vo. Oxon. 1695, and traced with reasonable certainty:
censure.
The an-
.


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LUCULLUS.
831
LUCULLUS.
1. L. Idcinius Lucullus,
carule audile, B. c. 202.
1
2. L. Licin. Lucullus,
cos. ). c. 151,
S. L. Licin. Lucullus,
praetor B. c. 103,
marrid Cancila, daughter of
L. Metellus Calvus.
4. L. Licin. Lucullus,
cos, A. C. 74, married,
1. Clodia. 2. Servilia.
1
6. la Licin. Lacullus,
killed at Philippi,
c. 42
6. M. Licin. Lucullus,
COS, B. c. 73.
1
Tertulla, the wife of
M. Crassus,
the triunvir.
was taken of the proceedings of Lucullus, who con.
tinued in Spain, with the rank of proconsul. (Ap
pian, Hisp. 50–55; Liv. Epit. xlviii; Plin. H. N.
ix. 30. — 48. ) After wintering in Turdetania, in
the spring of 150, he invaded the country of the
Lusitanians, at the same time with Ser. Galba ;
and, according to Appian, shared with the latter
in the guilt of the atrocious acts of perfidy and
cruelty by which he disgraced the Roman name.
[Galba, No. 6. ) But, more fortunate than his
colleague, he escaped even the hazard of a trial on
his return to Rome. (Appian, Ilisp. 55,59, 61).
1. L. Licinius Lucullus, curule acdile with Q. The war against the Vaccarans, though prompted
Fulvius in B. C. 202. lle and his colleague distin-chiefly by the avarice of Lucullus, had brought him
guished themselves by the magnificence with which but little booty; but he appears to have, by some
they exhibited the Ludi Romani ; but some of the means or other, amassed great wealth during the
scribes and other officials under the aediles were period of his government, a part of which he de-
convicted of defrauding the public treasury; and voted to the construction of a temple of Good
Lucullus himself incurred the suspicion of having Fortune (Felicitas). It is a very characteristic
connived at their practices. (Liv. xxx. 39. ) trait, that having borrowed from L. Mummius some
2. L. LICINIUS Lucullus, the grandfather of of the statues which the latter had brought from
Lucullus, the conqueror of Mithridates, and the Corinth, to adoin this temple for the ceremony of
first of the family. who attained to distinction its dedication, he afterwards refused to restore
(Plut. Lucull. 1; Cic. Acad. pr. ii. 45), was pro- them, under the plea that they were now con-
bably a son of the preceding. He was elected secrated to the goddess. (Dion Cass. fragm. 81;
consul for the year B. c. 151, together with A. Strab. viii. p. 381. )
Postimius Albinus, and was appointed to succeed 3. L. Licinius L. F. LUCULLUS, son of the pre-
M. Marcellus in the command in Spain. The war ceding, was praetor in B. c. 103, and was appointed
which was then going on in that country against by the senate to take the command in Sicily, where
the Celtiberians appears to have been unpopular at the insurrection of the slaves under Athenion and
Rome, so that some difficulty was found in raising Tryphon had begun to assume a very formidable
the necessary levies ; and the severity with which aspect.
He took with him a force of 17,000 men,
these were enforced by Lucullus and his colleague, of which the greater part were regular Roman or
irritated the people and the tribunes to such a de Italian troops ; but though he at first obtained a
gree, that the latter went so far as to arrest both complete victory in the field, and compelled Try-
consuls, and to cast them into prison. These dis- phon to shut himself up in the fortress of Triocala,
bensions were at length terminated by the inter- he failed in reducing that stronghold, and ultimately
vention of the young Scipio Aemilianus, who retreated from before it in an ignominious manner.
volunteered his services, and succeeded in reviving (Diod. xxxvi. Ecc. Phot. p. 535, 536 ; Flor. iii.
the military ardour of the populace. (Polyb. xxxv. 19. ). After this, whether from incapacity or cor-
3, 4; Liv. Epit. xlviii; Appian, Hisp. 49; Oros. ruption, he effected nothing more, and was soon
iv. 21. ) But before the arrival of Lucullus in after replaced by C. Servilius. He is said to have
Spain, the war with the Celtiberians had been destroyed all his military stores and broken up his
completely terminated by Marcellus, and all tribes camp previous to resigning the command into the
previously in arms had submitted. The new consul, hands of his successor. (Diod. Exc. Vat. p. 111. )
however, greedy both of glory and plunder, and it was perhaps in revenge for this proceeding, that
finding himself disappointed of his expected foes, on his return to Rome he found himself assailed by
now tumed his arms against the Vaccaeans, a tribe another Servilius with a prosecution for bribery
who had hitherto had no relations with the Ro- and malversation. But whatever may have been
mans, and proceeded to cross the Tagus and invade the motives of the latter, the guilt of Lucullus was
their territories, without any authority from the so manifest that even his brother-in-law, Metellus
Benate. His first attacks were directed against Numidicus, declined to appear in his defence ; and
the city of Cauca, which was readily induced to he was unanimously condemned and driven into
submit, on terms of capitulation ; but these were exile. (Plut. Lucull. 1 ; Cic. Verr. iv. 66 ; Diod.
shamefully violated by Lucullus, who had no Exc. Phot. p. 536 ; Aur. Vict. de Vir. Illust. 62. )
sooner made himself master of the town than he 4. L. LICINIUS L. F. L. N. LUCULLUS, celebrated
caused all the inhabitants to be put to the sword, as the conqueror of Mithridates, and by much the
to the number of near 20,000. From hence he most illustrious of his family. He was the son of
advanced into the heart of the country, crossed the the preceding and of Caecilia, the daughter of L.
Douro, and laid siege to Intercatia, a strong city Metellus Calvus. (Plut. Lucull. 1. ) (CAECILIA,
which for a long time defied his arms, but was at No. 3. ) We have no express mention of the
length induced to submit on favourable terms, the period of his birth or of his age, but Plutarch tells
inviolability of which was guaranteed to them by us that he was older than Pompey (Lucull. 36,
Scipio. A subsequent attack upon Pallantia was Pomp. 31); he must therefore have been born
wholly unsuccessful ; and Lucullus, after suffering before B. c. 106, probably at least as early as 109
severely from hunger, and being hard pressed by or 110, since his younger brother Marcus was old
the enemy, was compelled to recross the Douro, enough to be curule aedile in 79. (See No. 6. ]
and take up his winter-quarters in the south of His first appearance in public life was as the ac-
Spain. But notwithstanding this ignominious cuser of the augur Servilius, who had procured the
termination of a war as unwarranted by authority banishment of his father, but had in his turn laid
from Rome as it was unjust in itself, no notice himself open to a criminal charge. This species of


## p. 832 (#848) ############################################

832
LUCULLUS.
LUCULLUS.
3
retaliation was looked upon with much favour at his brother, forborne to sue for this office until
Rome ; and although the trial, after giving rise to Marcus was of sufficient age to hold it with hiin.
scenes of violence and even bloodshed, at length The games exhibited by the two brothers were
terminated in the acquittal of Servilius, the part distinguished for their magnificence, and were rent-
which the young Lucullus had taken in the matter dered remarkable by the introduction, for the first
appears to have added greatly to his credit and time, of elephants combating with bulls. (Plut.
reputation. (Plut. Lucull. 1; Cic. Acad. pr. ii. 1. ) Lucull. 1 ; Cic. Acad. pr. ii. 1; de Off. ii. 16;
While yet quite a young man, he served with Plin. H. N. viii. 7. ) So great was the favour at
distinction in the Marsic or Social War; and at this time enjoyed by Lucullus with Sulla, that the
this time attracted the attention of Sulla, whom dictator, on his death-bed, not only confided to him
he afterwards accompanied as his quaestor into the charge of revising and correcting his Commenta-
Greece and Asia on the breaking out of the Mithri- ries - - a task for which the literary attainments of
datic war, B. C. 88. During the prolonged siege of Lucullus especially qualified him ; but appointed
Athens, Sulla found himself labouring under the him guardian of his son Faustus, to the exclusion
greatest disadvantage from the want of a ficet, and of Pompey, a circumstance which is said to have
he in consequence despatched Lucullus in the first given rise to the enmity and jealousy that
middle of winter (B. C. 87—86), with a squadron ever after subsisted between the two. (Plut. Lu-
of only six ships, to endeavour to collect assistance cull. i. 4. ) By a special law of Sulla, he was
from the allies of Rome. With considerable diffi- enabled to hold the praetorship immediately after
culty he raised a fleet, and expelled the forces of the office of acdile, probably in the year 77. At
the king from Chios and Colophon. These opera- the expiration of this magistracy he repaired to
tions extended far on into the summer of 85: Africa, where he distinguished himself by the
meanwhile, Fimbria, who had assumed the com- justice of his administration, and returned from
mand of the army in Asia, which had been sent thence to Rome, to sue for the consulship, which
out by the Marian party at Rome, had expelled he obtained, in conjunction with M. Aurelius
Mithridates from Pergamus, and was besieging Cotta, for the year 74. (Cic. Acad. pr. ii. 1; Aur.
him in Pitane, where he had taken refuge. Had Vict. de l'ir. Illust. 74 ; Plut. Lucull. 5; Fast.
Lucullus co-operated with him by sea, the king Capit. an. 679. )
himself must have fallen into their hands, and the war Of the political conduct of Lucullus during his
would have been terminated at once : but Lucullus consulship almost the only circumstance recorded
was faithful to the party interests of Sulla rather to us is the determined and effectual opposition
than to those of Rome: he refused to come with offered by him to the attempts of L. Quinctius to
his fleet to the support of Fimbria, and Mithridates overthrow the constitutional laws of Sulla. (Plut.
made his escape by sea to Mytilene. Shortly Lucull. 5 ; Sall. Hist. iii. fragm. 22, p. 234, ed.
afterwards Lucullus defeated the hostile fleet under Gerlach. )
Neoptolemus off the island of Tenedos ; and thus But the eyes of all at Rome were now tumed
made himself master of the Hellespont, where he towards the East, where it was evident that a
rejoined Sulla, and facilitated his passage into Asia renewal of the contest with Mithridates was be-
the following spring, B. C. 84. (Plut. Lucull. 2- come inevitable: and the command in this impend-
4, Sull. 11; Appian, Mithr, 33, 51, 52, 56, Orog. ing war was the darling object of the anıbition of
vi. 2. )
Lucullus. At first indeed fortune did not seem to
Peace with Mithridates followed shortly after, befriend him: in the division of the provinces,
and Sulla hastened to return to Rome. It was a Bithynia (which had been lately united to the
fortunate circumstance for Lucullus that he did not Roman dominions after the death of Nicomedes
accompany his leader at this time, being left behind III. , and which was evidently destined to be the
in the charge of various public duties in Asia, by first point assailed by Mithridates), fell to the lot
which means he escaped all participation in the of Cotta, while Lucullus obtained only Cisalpine
scenes of horror that ensued, at the same time that Gaul for his province. But just at this juncture
he retained the high place he already enjoyed in Octavius, the proconsul of Cilicia, died ; and Lu-
the favour of the all-powerful Sulla. Nor do we cullus, by dint of intrigues, succeeded in obtaining
find that he took any part in the aggressions of the appointment as his successor, to which the con-
Murena, and the renewed war against Mithridates. duct of the war against Mithridates was then
[Murena. ] During the whole time that he con- added by general consent. Cotta, however, still
tinued in Asia he appears to have been occupied retained the government of Bithynia, and the con-
with civil and pacific employments, especially with mand of the naval force. (Plut. Lucull. 5, 6;
the coining of money, and the exaction of the heavy Memnon. c. 37, ed. Orell. ; Cic. pro Muren. 15;
sums imposed by Sulla upon the Asiatic cities as a Eutrop. vi. 6. )
penalty for their late revolt. In the discharge of Both consuls now hastened to Asia, where they
this lae duty he displayed the utmost kindness arrived before the close of the year 74. Lucullus
and liberality, and endeavoured to render the bur- took with him only one legion from Italy ; but he
then as little onerous as possible ; at the same time found four others in Asia, two of which, however,
that the promptitude and vigour with which he had formed part of the army of Fimbria ; and
punished the revolt of the Mytilenaeans showed though brave and hardy veterans, had been accus-
that he was fully prepared to put down all open tomed to licence and rapine, and were ever prone
resistance. (Plut. Lucull. 4; Cic. Acad. pr. ii. 1. ) to sedition. Hence the first business of the new
Lucullus remained in Asia apparently till near general was to restore the discipline of his own
the close of the year 80, when he returned to Rome army, a task which he appears to have for a time
to discharge the office for the following year of easily accomplished ; and le now took the field
curule aedile, to which he had been elected in his with a force of 30,000 infantry, and 2500 horse.
absence, together with his younger brother Marcus. (Plut. Lucull. 7, 8; Appian, Mithr. 72. ) But
According to Plutarch, he had, from affection for almost before he was ready to commence operations,


## p. 833 (#849) ############################################

LUCULLUS.
833
LUCULLUS.
:
he received the news that Mithridates had invaded but on learning the defeat of his feet, and the ad-
Bithynia with an anny of 150,000 men, had de- vance of Lucullus, Mithridates withdrew from that
feated Cotta both by sea and land, and compelled city without a contest, and escaped by sea to
him to take refuge within the walls of Chalcedon. Pontus.
Lucullus was at this time in Galatia, but he Lucullus had thus succeeded in driving back
hastened to the support of Cotta. He was met at Mithridates into his own dominions, and thither
a place called Oiryae, in Phrygia, by a deuch he now prepared to follow him. After joining
ment of the army of Mithridates, commanded by Cotta and Triarius at Nicomedeia, he detached the
the Roman exile Varius, but a meteoric apparition former to besiege the important town of Heraclein,
prevented an engagement. Meanwhile, Mithri- while Triarius, with the flect, was posted at the
dates drew off his army from Chalcedon, and pro- Bosporus, in order to prevent the junction of the
ceeded to besiege the strong city of Cyzicus. enemy's detached squadrons. Meanwhile, Lucullus
Hither Lucullus followed him ; but confident in himself, with his main army, advanced through
the strength of the place, and well knowing the Galatia into the heart of l'ontus, laying waste the
difficulty of subsisting so vast a multitude ils that country on his march ; and in this manner pene-
which composed the army of the king, he was by trated, without any serious opposition, as far as
no means desirous to bring on a battle, and con- Themiscy ra. But he now began to be apprehen-
tented himself with taking up a strongly entrenched sive lest Mithridates should avoid a battle, and
cimp in the immediate neighbourhood of that of elude his pursuit by withdrawing into the wild
Mithridates, from whence he could watch his pro- and mountainous regions beyond Pontus; and he
ceedings, intercept his communications, and leave therefore, instead of pushing on at once upon Ca-
hunger to do the work of the sword. The result beira, where the king was now stationed, deter-
fully justified his expectations. All the efforts of mined to halt and form the siege of the two
Mithridates were baffled by the skill and courage of important towns of Amisus and Eupatoria. His
the besieged ; and though he was still master of object in so doing was in great part to draw
the sea, the winter storms prevented him from Mithridates to their relief, and thus bring on a
receiving supplies by that means, so that famine general engagement; but the king contented him-
soon began to make itself felt in his camp, and at self with sending supplies and reinforcements to
length increased to such a degree that no alterna- the two cities, and remained quiet at Cabeira,
tive remained but to raise the siege. A detach- where he had established his winter-quarters, and
ment of 15,000 men, which the king had previously had assembled a force of 40,000 foot and 4000
sent off, was attacked and cut to pieces by Lucullus horse.