See also
bibliography
to Chapter vi for the Old English version.
Cambridge History of English Literature - 1908 - v01
(An excellent
piece of work. ]
Rieger, M. Addresses of Soul and Body. Germania, 111, 398, 399.
- ZDPh. I, 331-4.
Schaumberg, W. Untersuchungen über das deutsche Sprachgedicht: Salomo
und Morolf. P. u. B. 's Beitr. II, 1-63.
Schipper, J. Salomon and Saturn. A Comparison of MS A, with MS B.
Germania, XXII, 50–70.
Sievers, E. Collationen angelsäch. Gedichte. ZDA. XV, 466.
Strobl, J. ZDA. XXXI, 54-64.
Sweet, H. Salomon and Saturn. Collation of MS A. Anglia, 1, 150-4.
Varnhagen, H. Addresses of Soul and Body. Anglia, II, 225 ff.
Vogt, F. Die deutschen Dichtungen von Salomon und Markolf. I, liii-lv.
Wright, T. Poems of Walter Mapes. Camden Soc. See Appendix for
literature of Address of Soul to Body.
Zupitza, J. On Salomon, etc. Anglia, 111, 527.
- Anglia, 1, 285, and ZDA. XXXI, 45.
(See also works of a general nature under Oynewulf, above. )
## p. 433 (#453) ############################################
Chapter V
433
CHAPTER V
LATIN WRITINGS IN ENGLAND TO THE TIME OF ALFRED
GENERAL AUTHORITIES.
Acta Sanctorum.
Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Benedicti (Mabillon).
Annales Ord. S. Benedicti (Mabillon).
Cave, Wm. Script. Eccles. Hist. Lit. 1688, 1698.
Dictionary of Christian Biography.
Patrologiae Cursus Completas (Migne).
linger:. Alcuines Alcuinians
Adamnan (625 ? —704), abbot of Iona.
(His Life of St Columba is of great importance in the history of the church
in Scotland. The best edition is that of Reeves, W. , Dublin, 1857, new ed.
Fowler, Oxford, 1894. See also ed. Forbes, A. P. and Skene, W. F. , 1874,
Edinburgh. For Adamnan's Travels of Arculfus, a very early narrative
of travel in Palestine, see Acts of the Benedictine Saints and Wright,
T. , Early Travels in Palestine, 1848, which also contains accounts of the
travels of Willibald, Bernard, Saewulf, Sigurd, Benjamin of Tudela,
Sir John Maundeville, De la Brocquière and Maundrell. The “ Vision”
that goes by the name of Adamnan may be compared with other visions
referred to by Bede and similar medieval records. ]
Alcuin. Ed. Frobenius. Ratisbon, 1877. Also in Migne's Patrologia, C-CI.
Letters, ed. Schütze, H. 1879.
Ebert's Allgem. Gesch. d. Lit. des Mittelalters in Abendlande, Il.
Gaskoin, C. J. B. Alcuin: his life and work. 1904.
Jaffé's Monumenta Alcuiniana. Berlin, 1873.
Lorenz, F. Alcuin's Leben. Halle, 1829. Trans. by Slee, J. M. 1837.
Mullinger, J. B. The Schools of Charles the Great. 1877.
Raine, J. Historians of the Church of York. Rolls Series. 1879 ff.
Sandys, J. E. A History of Classical Scholarship. 2nd ed. Cambridge,
1906.
West, A. F. Alcuin. 1892.
Aldhelm. Ed. Giles, J. A. Patres Eccles. Angl. Oxford, 1844. Also in
Migne, Patrologia, LXXXIX. For Faricius's life of Aldhelm see Giles,
Migne, and Acta Sanctorum 6 May. See also Capgrave's Nova Legenda
Angliae, 1516.
Baehrens, A. Poetae Latini Minores. Leipzig, 1879-83 (for Riddles).
Browne, G. F. Aldhelm : his life and times. 1903.
Bucheler, F. and Riese, A. Anthologia Latina. Leipzig, 1894 (for
Riddles).
Manitius, M. Aldhelm und Baeda. Sitzungsb. d. Wien. Akad. 1886.
Norden, E. Die antike Kunstprosa vom vi. Jahrhundert v. Chr. bis in
die Zeit der Renaissance. Leipzig, 1898.
Bede. In Migne's Patrologia, xc-xcv. Early folio editions were published
at Paris (1544-5), Basel (1563), etc. Ed. Giles, J. A. 12 volg. 1843-4.
See Wright's Biogr. Brit. Lit. and Notes and Queries, 4th Ser. Ix, x
and XII. The MS containing Cuthbert's letter and the II. of 0. E. verse
quoted as Bede's is at St Gall.
E, L, I.
28
## p. 434 (#454) ############################################
434
Bibliography to
Bede. Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum. MSS, Cambridge University
Library (Moore) Kk. 5. 16 and Brit. Mus. First published ? Strassburg,
c. 1473, Eggesteyn, H. ; 1550, Antwerp, Gravius, etc. ; in England edd.
Wheloc, A. , Cambridge, 1643-4; Smith, J. , Cambridge, 1722; Moberley,
G. H. , Oxford, 1881; Bks. III and iv Mayor, J. E. B. and Lumby, J. B. ,
Cambridge, 1878. Trans. by Stapleton, T. , Antwerp, 1565; Sellar, A. M,,
1907.
See also bibliography to Chapter vi for the Old English version.
[Bede's account of the visit of Drythelm to the underworld gives a vivid
picture of the medieval conception of hell and purgatory and holds a
substantial place in the “vision literature” of Old and Middle English. ]
-- Opera Historica. Ed. Stevenson, J. , Eng. Hist. Soc. , 1838-41; ed.
Plummer, C. , Oxford, 1896. See also Fuller's Worthies, and Ozanam, A. F. ,
La Civ. Chrét. chez les Francs, Paris, 1849.
Book of Cerne. Ed. Kuypers, A. B. Cambridge, 1902.
Dicuil (fl. 825). Author of an early geography, Liber de Mensura orbis
terrae, printed by Walckenaer, C. A. , Paris, 1807; Letronne, A. , Paris,
1814 and Parthey, G. , Berlin, 1870.
Eddi or Eddius Stephanus (A1. 869). For the Life of St Wilfrid, see Mabillon's
Acta Sanctorum Ord. S. Benedicti, Gale's Historiae britannicae saxonicae,
anglo-danicae Scriptores, Oxford, 1691 and Raine's Historians of the
Church of York, Rolls Series. There is a tenth century metrical version
of the life by Frithegode (1. 950) a monk of Canterbury.
(Erigena), Joannes Scotus or (A. 850). A consideration of the philosophical
writings of Erigena is outside the scope of the present volume. The
reader may be referred to William of Malmesbury, to Ebert and to
Sandys as given under Alcuin above, to Poole's Illustrations of the
History of Medieval thought (1884), to the professed histories of philo-
sophy and to later volumes of the present work wherein philosophical
writings are discussed. Erigena has been held to be a precursor
of scholasticism, and “in some respects he may be accounted the herald
of the movement of the eleventh century, but in more he is the last
prophet of a philosophy belonging to earlier ages” (Poole, D. of N. B. ).
“ His great work on The Division of Nature has been appreciated as the
one purely philosophical argument of the Middle Ages. He was called in
by Hincmar of Rheims to strengthen the right cause against Gottscalo.
They wanted a skilled apologist; they found one whose help, like that of
the magic sword in certain fairy tales, might be dangerous for the side
that used it. They asked him to oppose the excessive cruelties of pre-
destination, as maintained by Gottscale. But he would not be limited to
the requisite amount of controversy, and before the Irish philosopher
could be checked, he had refuted Sin and Hell. Neo-Platonist he is
called, but in his case the name does not stand for eclectic oriental work;
his mind is as clear as Berkeley's, with a vastly greater and more articu.
late system to explain and develop. For literature, the merit of his
writing is that it expresses his meaning without hurry or confusion, and
that his meaning, whatever its philosophical value, is certainly no weak
repetition of commonplaces” (Ker, The Dark Ages, p. 162). For Eri.
gena's works, see Migne's Patrologia and L. Traube's edition of the poems
in Poetae Latini aevi Carolini, Mon. Germ. Hist. , 1896.
Ethelwulf's Latin poem on Crayke (? ). See Mabillon, Acts of Benedictine
Saints.
Felix of Croyland's Life of St Guthlac. See Acta Sanctorum, 11 April, etc.
For the Old English lives, see Chapter iv. In addition to the Exeter Book
Guthlac, there are prose Old English lives of the saint in the Vercelli Book
and in Brit. Mus. Cott. Vesp. D. XXI. See ed. Goodwin, C. W. , 1848.
## p. 435 (#455) ############################################
Chapter V
435
Gildas. “The copies which remain are few. A partially burnt manuscript
(Cott. Vitellius A. VI) of the eleventh century is the primary authority. It
is fairly well represented by the early printed editions: better by that of
John Joscelin (1568) than by that of Polydore Vergil (1525). Of two in
the Cambridge University Library, one, which belonged to Glastonbury,
is not independent of the Cottonian: the other, from Salley Abbey,
contains only the first part. Thomas Gale, who edited Gildas in 1691,
followed this copy so far as it goes; and to his edition we owe the
common but erroneous division of the work into two parts, Epistle
(chapters 1-26) and History (27-110). The next oldest manuscript to the
Cottonian is one formerly at Mont St Michel and now at Avranches: it
is of the twelfth century and very probably had some Breton ancestor”
(M. R. James). Edd. Stevenson, J. , Eng. Hist. Soc. , 1838 (together with
the Life, ascribed to Caradog of Llancarvan); Hardy, T. , Mon. Hist.
Brit. , 1848; Williams, H. , Cymmrodorion Records, 1899-1901; Mommsen,
Mon. Germ. , 1894; trans. Habington, T. , 1638 and Giles, J. A. , in Six Old
English Chronicles, 1848 (Asser's Alfred, Ethelwerd's Chronicles, Gildas,
Nennius, Geoffrey of Monmouth and Richard of Cirencester). See also
Skene, Four Ancient Books of Wales, de la Borderie, A. , in Revue
Celtique vi and Wright's Biogr. Brit. Lit.
Hisperica Famina. Ed. Stowasser, Vienna, 1887; ed. Jenkinson, Cambridge
(in preparation). See also Bradshaw, H. , Collected papers, Cambridge,
1889, Ker, W. P. , The Dark Ages and Zimmer, H. , in Göttingische
Nachrichten, 1895.
Nennius. “The oldest copy of the Historia Britonum (incomplete, and not
offering the best text) is one of the ninth or tenth century at Chartres.
The best are a Harleian manuscript (No. 3859) of the eleventh and
twelfth century and a Cottonian (Vespasian D. XXI) of the twelfth.
A Durham copy, one at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (No. 139) and
another in the University Library at Cambridge (Ff. 1. 27), which contains
two copies of the bulk, under the names of Nennius and Gildas re-
spectively, are also important. The first printed edition was that of
Thomas Gale in 1691” (M. R. James). Edd. Stevenson, J. , Eng. Hist.
Soc. , 1838; Hardy, T. , Mon. Hist. Brit. ; Mommsen, T. , Mon. Germ. , 1894;
trans. Giles, J. A. (see above). See also de la Borderie, A. , L'Hist. Brit.
attrib. à N. , Paris, 1883; Zimmer, H. , Nennius Vindicatus, Berlin, 1893;
and Mommsen in Neues Archiv. d. Gesell. XIX.
St Boniface. Opera Omnia. Ed. Giles, J. A. 1844.
Dümmler. Poetae Latini aevi Carolini. Mon. Germ. Hist. 1880 ff.
Jaffé. Mon. Moguntina. Bibl. Rerum Germ. 1866.
St Columba. In addition to Adamnan's Life (see above), see also Manus
O'Donnell's MS concerning Columba, Bodl. Rawl. B. 514.
St Columban (543-615). See Patrick Fleming's Collectanea Sacra, Augs-
burg, 1621.
St Cuthbert. For the life by the Lindisfarne monk, etc. , see Acta Sanc-
torum, 20 March.
St Patrick (373-463). See the Tripartite Life, Rolls Series, ed. Whitley
Stokes; Lives of the Saints from the Book of Lismore, ed. Whitley
Stokes, Oxford, 1889; lives by Todd, J. H. , 1863 and Bury, J. B. , 1905.
Tatwin. Riddles, MS Brit. Mus. Reg. 12, cxxIII. See Giles, J. A. , Anecdotae
Bedae, Lanfranci et aliorum, Caxton Soc. , 1851 and Wright, T. , Anglo-
Norman Poets, Rolls Series.
Willibald (700-786), nephew of St Boniface, bishop and pilgrim to Palestine.
piece of work. ]
Rieger, M. Addresses of Soul and Body. Germania, 111, 398, 399.
- ZDPh. I, 331-4.
Schaumberg, W. Untersuchungen über das deutsche Sprachgedicht: Salomo
und Morolf. P. u. B. 's Beitr. II, 1-63.
Schipper, J. Salomon and Saturn. A Comparison of MS A, with MS B.
Germania, XXII, 50–70.
Sievers, E. Collationen angelsäch. Gedichte. ZDA. XV, 466.
Strobl, J. ZDA. XXXI, 54-64.
Sweet, H. Salomon and Saturn. Collation of MS A. Anglia, 1, 150-4.
Varnhagen, H. Addresses of Soul and Body. Anglia, II, 225 ff.
Vogt, F. Die deutschen Dichtungen von Salomon und Markolf. I, liii-lv.
Wright, T. Poems of Walter Mapes. Camden Soc. See Appendix for
literature of Address of Soul to Body.
Zupitza, J. On Salomon, etc. Anglia, 111, 527.
- Anglia, 1, 285, and ZDA. XXXI, 45.
(See also works of a general nature under Oynewulf, above. )
## p. 433 (#453) ############################################
Chapter V
433
CHAPTER V
LATIN WRITINGS IN ENGLAND TO THE TIME OF ALFRED
GENERAL AUTHORITIES.
Acta Sanctorum.
Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Benedicti (Mabillon).
Annales Ord. S. Benedicti (Mabillon).
Cave, Wm. Script. Eccles. Hist. Lit. 1688, 1698.
Dictionary of Christian Biography.
Patrologiae Cursus Completas (Migne).
linger:. Alcuines Alcuinians
Adamnan (625 ? —704), abbot of Iona.
(His Life of St Columba is of great importance in the history of the church
in Scotland. The best edition is that of Reeves, W. , Dublin, 1857, new ed.
Fowler, Oxford, 1894. See also ed. Forbes, A. P. and Skene, W. F. , 1874,
Edinburgh. For Adamnan's Travels of Arculfus, a very early narrative
of travel in Palestine, see Acts of the Benedictine Saints and Wright,
T. , Early Travels in Palestine, 1848, which also contains accounts of the
travels of Willibald, Bernard, Saewulf, Sigurd, Benjamin of Tudela,
Sir John Maundeville, De la Brocquière and Maundrell. The “ Vision”
that goes by the name of Adamnan may be compared with other visions
referred to by Bede and similar medieval records. ]
Alcuin. Ed. Frobenius. Ratisbon, 1877. Also in Migne's Patrologia, C-CI.
Letters, ed. Schütze, H. 1879.
Ebert's Allgem. Gesch. d. Lit. des Mittelalters in Abendlande, Il.
Gaskoin, C. J. B. Alcuin: his life and work. 1904.
Jaffé's Monumenta Alcuiniana. Berlin, 1873.
Lorenz, F. Alcuin's Leben. Halle, 1829. Trans. by Slee, J. M. 1837.
Mullinger, J. B. The Schools of Charles the Great. 1877.
Raine, J. Historians of the Church of York. Rolls Series. 1879 ff.
Sandys, J. E. A History of Classical Scholarship. 2nd ed. Cambridge,
1906.
West, A. F. Alcuin. 1892.
Aldhelm. Ed. Giles, J. A. Patres Eccles. Angl. Oxford, 1844. Also in
Migne, Patrologia, LXXXIX. For Faricius's life of Aldhelm see Giles,
Migne, and Acta Sanctorum 6 May. See also Capgrave's Nova Legenda
Angliae, 1516.
Baehrens, A. Poetae Latini Minores. Leipzig, 1879-83 (for Riddles).
Browne, G. F. Aldhelm : his life and times. 1903.
Bucheler, F. and Riese, A. Anthologia Latina. Leipzig, 1894 (for
Riddles).
Manitius, M. Aldhelm und Baeda. Sitzungsb. d. Wien. Akad. 1886.
Norden, E. Die antike Kunstprosa vom vi. Jahrhundert v. Chr. bis in
die Zeit der Renaissance. Leipzig, 1898.
Bede. In Migne's Patrologia, xc-xcv. Early folio editions were published
at Paris (1544-5), Basel (1563), etc. Ed. Giles, J. A. 12 volg. 1843-4.
See Wright's Biogr. Brit. Lit. and Notes and Queries, 4th Ser. Ix, x
and XII. The MS containing Cuthbert's letter and the II. of 0. E. verse
quoted as Bede's is at St Gall.
E, L, I.
28
## p. 434 (#454) ############################################
434
Bibliography to
Bede. Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum. MSS, Cambridge University
Library (Moore) Kk. 5. 16 and Brit. Mus. First published ? Strassburg,
c. 1473, Eggesteyn, H. ; 1550, Antwerp, Gravius, etc. ; in England edd.
Wheloc, A. , Cambridge, 1643-4; Smith, J. , Cambridge, 1722; Moberley,
G. H. , Oxford, 1881; Bks. III and iv Mayor, J. E. B. and Lumby, J. B. ,
Cambridge, 1878. Trans. by Stapleton, T. , Antwerp, 1565; Sellar, A. M,,
1907.
See also bibliography to Chapter vi for the Old English version.
[Bede's account of the visit of Drythelm to the underworld gives a vivid
picture of the medieval conception of hell and purgatory and holds a
substantial place in the “vision literature” of Old and Middle English. ]
-- Opera Historica. Ed. Stevenson, J. , Eng. Hist. Soc. , 1838-41; ed.
Plummer, C. , Oxford, 1896. See also Fuller's Worthies, and Ozanam, A. F. ,
La Civ. Chrét. chez les Francs, Paris, 1849.
Book of Cerne. Ed. Kuypers, A. B. Cambridge, 1902.
Dicuil (fl. 825). Author of an early geography, Liber de Mensura orbis
terrae, printed by Walckenaer, C. A. , Paris, 1807; Letronne, A. , Paris,
1814 and Parthey, G. , Berlin, 1870.
Eddi or Eddius Stephanus (A1. 869). For the Life of St Wilfrid, see Mabillon's
Acta Sanctorum Ord. S. Benedicti, Gale's Historiae britannicae saxonicae,
anglo-danicae Scriptores, Oxford, 1691 and Raine's Historians of the
Church of York, Rolls Series. There is a tenth century metrical version
of the life by Frithegode (1. 950) a monk of Canterbury.
(Erigena), Joannes Scotus or (A. 850). A consideration of the philosophical
writings of Erigena is outside the scope of the present volume. The
reader may be referred to William of Malmesbury, to Ebert and to
Sandys as given under Alcuin above, to Poole's Illustrations of the
History of Medieval thought (1884), to the professed histories of philo-
sophy and to later volumes of the present work wherein philosophical
writings are discussed. Erigena has been held to be a precursor
of scholasticism, and “in some respects he may be accounted the herald
of the movement of the eleventh century, but in more he is the last
prophet of a philosophy belonging to earlier ages” (Poole, D. of N. B. ).
“ His great work on The Division of Nature has been appreciated as the
one purely philosophical argument of the Middle Ages. He was called in
by Hincmar of Rheims to strengthen the right cause against Gottscalo.
They wanted a skilled apologist; they found one whose help, like that of
the magic sword in certain fairy tales, might be dangerous for the side
that used it. They asked him to oppose the excessive cruelties of pre-
destination, as maintained by Gottscale. But he would not be limited to
the requisite amount of controversy, and before the Irish philosopher
could be checked, he had refuted Sin and Hell. Neo-Platonist he is
called, but in his case the name does not stand for eclectic oriental work;
his mind is as clear as Berkeley's, with a vastly greater and more articu.
late system to explain and develop. For literature, the merit of his
writing is that it expresses his meaning without hurry or confusion, and
that his meaning, whatever its philosophical value, is certainly no weak
repetition of commonplaces” (Ker, The Dark Ages, p. 162). For Eri.
gena's works, see Migne's Patrologia and L. Traube's edition of the poems
in Poetae Latini aevi Carolini, Mon. Germ. Hist. , 1896.
Ethelwulf's Latin poem on Crayke (? ). See Mabillon, Acts of Benedictine
Saints.
Felix of Croyland's Life of St Guthlac. See Acta Sanctorum, 11 April, etc.
For the Old English lives, see Chapter iv. In addition to the Exeter Book
Guthlac, there are prose Old English lives of the saint in the Vercelli Book
and in Brit. Mus. Cott. Vesp. D. XXI. See ed. Goodwin, C. W. , 1848.
## p. 435 (#455) ############################################
Chapter V
435
Gildas. “The copies which remain are few. A partially burnt manuscript
(Cott. Vitellius A. VI) of the eleventh century is the primary authority. It
is fairly well represented by the early printed editions: better by that of
John Joscelin (1568) than by that of Polydore Vergil (1525). Of two in
the Cambridge University Library, one, which belonged to Glastonbury,
is not independent of the Cottonian: the other, from Salley Abbey,
contains only the first part. Thomas Gale, who edited Gildas in 1691,
followed this copy so far as it goes; and to his edition we owe the
common but erroneous division of the work into two parts, Epistle
(chapters 1-26) and History (27-110). The next oldest manuscript to the
Cottonian is one formerly at Mont St Michel and now at Avranches: it
is of the twelfth century and very probably had some Breton ancestor”
(M. R. James). Edd. Stevenson, J. , Eng. Hist. Soc. , 1838 (together with
the Life, ascribed to Caradog of Llancarvan); Hardy, T. , Mon. Hist.
Brit. , 1848; Williams, H. , Cymmrodorion Records, 1899-1901; Mommsen,
Mon. Germ. , 1894; trans. Habington, T. , 1638 and Giles, J. A. , in Six Old
English Chronicles, 1848 (Asser's Alfred, Ethelwerd's Chronicles, Gildas,
Nennius, Geoffrey of Monmouth and Richard of Cirencester). See also
Skene, Four Ancient Books of Wales, de la Borderie, A. , in Revue
Celtique vi and Wright's Biogr. Brit. Lit.
Hisperica Famina. Ed. Stowasser, Vienna, 1887; ed. Jenkinson, Cambridge
(in preparation). See also Bradshaw, H. , Collected papers, Cambridge,
1889, Ker, W. P. , The Dark Ages and Zimmer, H. , in Göttingische
Nachrichten, 1895.
Nennius. “The oldest copy of the Historia Britonum (incomplete, and not
offering the best text) is one of the ninth or tenth century at Chartres.
The best are a Harleian manuscript (No. 3859) of the eleventh and
twelfth century and a Cottonian (Vespasian D. XXI) of the twelfth.
A Durham copy, one at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (No. 139) and
another in the University Library at Cambridge (Ff. 1. 27), which contains
two copies of the bulk, under the names of Nennius and Gildas re-
spectively, are also important. The first printed edition was that of
Thomas Gale in 1691” (M. R. James). Edd. Stevenson, J. , Eng. Hist.
Soc. , 1838; Hardy, T. , Mon. Hist. Brit. ; Mommsen, T. , Mon. Germ. , 1894;
trans. Giles, J. A. (see above). See also de la Borderie, A. , L'Hist. Brit.
attrib. à N. , Paris, 1883; Zimmer, H. , Nennius Vindicatus, Berlin, 1893;
and Mommsen in Neues Archiv. d. Gesell. XIX.
St Boniface. Opera Omnia. Ed. Giles, J. A. 1844.
Dümmler. Poetae Latini aevi Carolini. Mon. Germ. Hist. 1880 ff.
Jaffé. Mon. Moguntina. Bibl. Rerum Germ. 1866.
St Columba. In addition to Adamnan's Life (see above), see also Manus
O'Donnell's MS concerning Columba, Bodl. Rawl. B. 514.
St Columban (543-615). See Patrick Fleming's Collectanea Sacra, Augs-
burg, 1621.
St Cuthbert. For the life by the Lindisfarne monk, etc. , see Acta Sanc-
torum, 20 March.
St Patrick (373-463). See the Tripartite Life, Rolls Series, ed. Whitley
Stokes; Lives of the Saints from the Book of Lismore, ed. Whitley
Stokes, Oxford, 1889; lives by Todd, J. H. , 1863 and Bury, J. B. , 1905.
Tatwin. Riddles, MS Brit. Mus. Reg. 12, cxxIII. See Giles, J. A. , Anecdotae
Bedae, Lanfranci et aliorum, Caxton Soc. , 1851 and Wright, T. , Anglo-
Norman Poets, Rolls Series.
Willibald (700-786), nephew of St Boniface, bishop and pilgrim to Palestine.
