No More Learning

Exc. Valcs. p. 558. ) A magni- country. Periphetes, Sinis, Phaea the Crom-
ficent monument was erected to him in the neigh- myonian sow, Sciron, Cercyon, and Procrustes fell
bourhood of Agrigentum, at which heroic honours before the invincible hero. Arrived at Cephisus,
were paid to his memory. (Diod. l. c. and xiii. he was purified by the Phytalidne. At Athens ho
86. )
(E. H. B. ) was immediately recognised by Meden, who laid a
THERON (Ohpwr), a Boeotian statuary, who plot for poisoning him at a banquet to which he
made the statue of the Olympic victor, Gorgus the was invited. By means of the sword which he
son of Eucletus, a Messcnian. (Paus. vi. 14. & 5. carried, Theseus was recognised by Aegeus, acknow-
8. 11. )
[P. S. ) ledged as his son, and declared his successor. The
THERSANDER (éparavd pos). 1. A son of sons of Pallas, thus disnppointed in their hopes of
Sisyphus, and father of Haliartus and Coronus. succeeding to the throne, attempted to secure the
(Paus. ix. 34. & 5. )
succession by violence, and declared war ; but,
2. A son of Agamididas, and the father of being betrayed by the herald Leos, were destroyed.
Lathria and Anaxandra, at Sparta. (Paus. iii. 16. The capture of the Marathonian bull was the next
§ 5. )
exploit of Theseus (comp. HECALE). It was this
3. A son of Polyneices and Argeia, and one of same enterprise in which Androgeos, the son of
the Epigoni ; he was married to Demonassa, by Minos, had perished. When the occasion returned
whom he became the father of Tisamenus. After on which the Athenians had to send to Minos
having been made king of Thebes, he went with their tribute of seven youths and seven maidens,
Agamemnon to Troy, and was slain in that expe- Theseus voluntarily offered himself as one of the
dition by Telephus. His tomb was shown at youths, with the design of slaying the Minotaur,
Elaea in Mysia, and sacrifices were offered to him or perishing in the attempt. When they arrived
there. (Paus. iii. 15. & 4, vii. 3. § 1, ix. 5. 87, X. at Crete, Ariadne, the daughter of Minos, became
10. $2; Schol. ad Pind. Ol. ii. 76 ; Dict. Cret. enamoured of Theseus, and provided him with a
ji. 2; Herod. iv. 147 ; Apollod. iii. 7. $ 2. ) Virgil sword with which he slew the Minotaur, and a
(Aen. ji. 261) enumerates Thersander among the clue of thread by which he found his way out of
Greeks concealed in the wooden horse. Homer the labyrinth. Having effected his object, and
does not mention him.
(L. S. ) rescued the band of victims, Theseus set sail, car-
THERSI'TES (Depoltns), a son of Agrius, the rying off Ariadne. (For the variations in the story,
most ugly and most impudent talker among the given by Cleidemus, the reader is referred to Plut.
Greeks at Troy. Once, when he had spoken in Thes. 19. ) There were various accounts about
the assembly in an unbecoming manner against Ariadne (ARIADNE], but most of them spoke of
Agamemnon, he was chastised by Odysseus. Theseus as having either lost or abandoned
(Hom. I. ii
. 212, &c. ; Apollod. i. 8. $ 6. ) AC- Ariadne on the island of Naxos. He was generally
cording to the later poets he pulled the eyes out of believed to have had by her two sons, Denopion
the dead body of Penthesileia, the queen of the and Staphylus. As the vessel in which they sailed
Amazons, who had been killed by Achilles, and approached Attica, they neglected to hoist the white
also calumniated Achilles, for which, however, the sail, which was to have been the signal that the ex-
latter slew him. (Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 999. ) In the pedition had had a prosperous issue. The neglect
Lesche of Delphi he was represented by Polygno- led to the death of Aegeus [Aegeus). A vessel
tus in the act of playing at dice with Palamedes. was in existence up to the time of Demetrius Pha-
(Paus. x. 31. § 1 ; Soph. Philoct. 442. ) (L. S. ] lereus, which it was pretended was the very ship
THESEUS (Onceús), the great legendary in which Theseus had sailed to Crete. It was this
hero of Attica, is one of those mythological per- vessel which was sent every year to Delos with
sonages, whose legends it is by no means easy to the sacred envoys. It is worth noting, that al-
disentangle, and represent in their original shape. though Homer mentions Ariadne as having been
The later belief of the Athenians, adopted and carried off by Theseus from Crete (Od. xi. 321),
strengthened by writers of authority, represented he says nothing about the Minotaur. All that part
him as a very much more historical person than he of the story is probably a later addition. The ex-
really was ; and, in consequence, the rationalistic pedition to Crete was probably, in its original
mythologists took considerable pains to draw up a form, only one of the somewhat numerous amatory
narrative of his life in which the supernatural adventures of Theseus, several of which are noticed
should be kept as much as possible in the back by Plutarch (Thes. 29). Soon after he landed,
ground, and the character in which the Athenians Theseus is said to haye instituted the festival
loved to regard him, as the founder of Attic termed Oschophoria (Dictionary of Antiquitics, s. o.
nationality, be exhibited in as prominent a light as Oschophoria). The origin of the Pyanepsia, and
the received traditions allowed. This was avow- the reinstitution of the Isthmian games, were also
edly the method upon which Plutarch proceeded. ascribed to Theseus.
According to the commonly received traditions One of the most renowned of the adventures of
Theseus was the son of Aegeus, king of Athens, Theseus was his expedition against the Amazons.
and Aethra, the daughter of Pittheus, king of He is said to have assailed them before they had
Troezen (Aegeus]. Other legends, however, main recovered from the attack of Hercules, and to have
tained their ground, which represented him as the carried off their queen Antiope. The Amazons in
son of Poseidon by Aethra. (Plut. Thes. 6 ; Diod. their turn invaded Attica, and penetrated into
iv. 59 ; Paus. i. 17. & 3; comp. AEthra. ) When Athens itself, the final battle in which Theseus
he reached maturity, Theseus, by his mother's di- overcame them having been fought in the very
rections, took the sword and sandals, the tokens midst of the city. Of the literal truth of this fact


## p. 1100 (#1116) ##########################################

1100
THESEUS.
THESPIS.
Dected from the hist
isre considered unn
has already been s
specting him, under
of Animaties.
2. Of Thebes, a
Lacian mentions &
Bancal contests in
nothing to de:ermin
doet. 9, rol. iii. p
The scholiast o
to hanes mentions
Sud. . . r. ), states t
1
the atharsedie mus
Bentley maintains
Disserts on Pialar
3. A flate plase
son of Laras, of
the little anecdote i
a
R 30. )
1
THE SPICS
wis, according a
Thespiae in Boeoti
29; comp. Schol
7. $8. ) His des
(Ap. d. ii. 4. $
Thick name is als
5. 310. )
THESSALOS
Plutarch (Thics. 27) finds evidence in the names of powers and functions. The citizens generally he
the localities and the tombs of the fallen Amazons. is said to have distributed into the three classes of
Cleidemus pretended even to point out the precise Eupatridae, Geomori, and Demiurgi (Plut. Thes.
position of the contending forces and the fluctua- 24—26). That this consolidation took place some
tions of the combat. (Compare the remarkable pas- time or other, there can be no doubt. Whether is
sage of Aeschylus, Eumen. 685. ) By Antiope was accomplished by Theseus is another question.
Theseus was said to have had a son named Hip The authority of Thucydides has usually been
polytus or Demophoon, and after her death to have allowed to settle the matter. Thucydides, however,
married Phaedra (HIPPOLYTUS, PHAEDRA). The did but follow the prevailing opinion of his coun.
seus figures in almost all the ancient heroic under trymen ; and if his belief raises Theseus to the
takings. He was one of the Argonants (the rank of an historical king, it must also make the
anachronism of the nttempt Medea to poison Trojan war a matter of history. It is a vain task
him dues not seen to have been noticed); he now to attempt to decide whether there is any
joined in the Calydonian hunt, and aided Adrastus historical basis for the accounts of Theseus that
in recovering the bodies of those slain before were handed down, and still more so to endeavour
Thebes. He contracted a close friendship with to separate the historical from the legendary in
Peirithons, and aided him and the Lapithae against what has been preserved. The Theseus of the
the Centaurs. Aided by Peirithous he carried off Athenians was a hero who fought the Amazons,
Helen from. Sparta while she was quite a girl, and and slew the Minotaur, and carried off Helen. A
placed her at Aphidnae under the care of Aethra. personage who should be nothing more than a wise
In return he assisted Peirithous in his attempt to king, consolidating the Athenian commonwealth,
carry off Persephone from the lower world. Pei- however possible his existence might be, would
rithous perished in the enterprise, and Theseus was have no historical reality. It has been urged that
kept in hard durance until he was delivered by we have no ground for denying the personality of
Hercules. Later writers endeavoured to turn this Theseus. In matters of this kind the question is
legend into history by making Peirithous attempt rather “ Have we any ground for affirming it ? "
to carry off Core, the daughter of Aidoneus, a king And for this we find nothing but the belief of the
of the Molossians. (Plut. c. 31. ) Meantime Cas- Athenians. The connection of Theseus with
tor and Pollux invaded Attica, and carried off Poseidon, the national deity of the Ionic tribes,
Helen and Aethra, Academus having informed the in various ways (the name Aegeus points to Aegae,
brothers where they were to be found [ACADE- the sanctuary of Poseidon), his coming from the
MUS). Menestheus also endeavoured to incite the Ionic town Troezen, forcing his way through the
people against Theseus, who on his return found Isthmus into Attica, and establishing the Isthmia
himself unable to re-establish his authority, and as an Ionic Panegyris, rather suggest that Theseus
retired to Scyros, where he met with a treacherous is, at least in part, the mythological representative
death at the hands of Lycomedes. The departed of an Ionian immigration into Attica, which,
hero was believed to have appeared to aid the adding perhaps to the strength and importance of
Athenians at the battle of Marathon. In B. C. Ionian settlers already in the country, might easily
469 a skeleton of large size was found by Cimon in have led to that political aggregation of the dis-
Scyros (Cimon), and brought to Athens. It was jointed elements of the state which is assigned to
believed to be that of Theseus, in whose honour a Theseus.
It was probably from the relation in
temple was erected, in which the bones were depo- which he stood to the Athenian commonwealth as
sited. A considerable part of this temple still re- a whole, that his name was not connected with any
mains, forming one of the most interesting monu- particular phyle. (Plut. Theseus; Diod. l. c. ; Grote,
inents of Athens. A festival in honour of Theseus Hist. of Greece, vol. i. p. 281, &c. , vol. ii. p. 29,
was celebrated on the eighth day of each month, vol. iii. p. 91; Wachsmuth, Hellenische Alter-
especially on the eighth of Pyanepsion. Con- thumskunde, $ 40. vol. i. p. 351, &c. , $ 128. vol. ii.
nected with this festival were two others : the p. 483. )
[C. P. M. )
Connideia, in memory of Connidas, the guardian of THESEUS (Ongeus), a Greek historian of
Theseus ; and the Cybernesia, having reference to unknown date, wrote the lives of illustrious men
his voyage. (Dict. of Antiq. s. v. Thescia. )
(Bioi dv86Ewr) in five books, and a work on
There can be little question that Theseus is a Corinth (Kopiv olard) in three books, in which he
purely legendary personage, as thoroughly so as gave an account of the establishment of the Isth-
his contemporary Hercules. Nevertheless, in later mian games. (Suidas, s. v. ; Etymol. M. s. v. 'Apvn;
times the Athenians came to regard him as the Stobaeus, Floril. vii. 67, 70 ; Schol. ad Lycophr.
author of a very important political revolution in 644. )
Attica. Before his time Attica had been broken THESI'MENES. (TLESIMENES. ]
up into a number of petty independent states or THE'SMIA or THESMOʻPHOROS (equia,
townships (twelve is the number generally stated) Oct uopópos), that is, “ the law-giver,” a surname
acknowledging no head, and connected only by á of Demeter and Persephone, in honour of whom the
federal union. Theseus, partly through persuasion, Thesmophoria were celebrated at Athens in the
partly by force, abolished the separate council month of Pyanepsion (Herod. ii. 171, vi. 16;
chambers and governments, did away with all Aristoph. Thesi. 303), and to whom sanctuaries
separate political jurisdiction, and erected Athens were also erected at Megara, Troezene, Pheneos,
into the capital of a single commonwealth. The and other places. (Paus. i. 42. & 7, ii. 32. & 7, viii.
festival of the Synoecia was celebrated in comme- 15. SI, ix. 16. § 3, x. 33, in fin. ) (L. S. ]
moration of this change. The festival which was THESPEIA (égteia), a daughter of Asopus,
called Athenaea was now reinstituted and termed from whom the town of Thespiae in Boeotia de
the Panathenaea (Thucyd. ii. 15). Theseus is said rived its name. (Paus. ix. 26. § 4. ) (L. S. ]
to have established a constitutional government, THESPIS (Déonis). 1. The celebrated father
retaining in his own hands only certain definite of Greek tragedy, has no personal history discon-
donian princesse
Amyntas, by
sipocs of Pherae.
i17. 8 3. )
Thessalonice a
up bp ber stepti
tun. es she attache
turned to Macedo
she took refuge it
advance of Cassa
117. 6. ) The ia
power of Cassando
to connect himself
Macedonia by ma
bare studiouslyt
to her idustrious
mich owing to pa
raze appears to be
became the mothe
and Alexander;
honour of confer
Thessalonice, whi
ancient Therman
continues down
Tealthy and popy
IIL 52 ; Paus.
p. 81, ed. Kramer
After the death o
to have at first I
vous, but at length
Superior favour
brother Alexande
death, B. C. 295
Exe. Horsch p. 4
THESSALU
bon, from whom
received its name
2. A son of Ja
of the Thessalian
rath, and after
throne of loleus.
3. A son of


## p. 1101 (#1117) ##########################################

THESSALUS.
1101
THESSALUS.
P. 30. )
5
nected from the history of his art, and it is there | father of Pheidippus and Antiphus. (Hom. Il. ii.
fore considered unnecessary to repeat here what 679; Apollod. ii. 7. & 8. )
(L. S. )
has already been said with sufficient fulness re- THESSALUS (Oeoranós), a son of Peisistra-
specting him, under Tragoedia, in the Dictionary tus by Timonassa. [PersISTRATUS, pp. 172, kung
of Antiquities.
174, a. )
2. Of Thebes, a player of the cithara, whoni THE'SSALUS (croarós), an eminent tragic
Lucian mentions as a competitor at one of the actor, in the time of Alexander the Great, whose
musical contests in the Pythian games. There is cspecial favour he enjoyed, and whom he served
nothing to determine his time. (Lucian. adv. In- before his accession to the throne, and afterwards
doct. 9, vol. iii. p. 108. )
accompanied on his expedition into Asia (Plut.
The scholiast on a passage in which Aris- | Alex. 10, 29; Ath. xii. p. 538; Fabric. Bibl.
tophanes mentions Thespis (Vesp. 1470, comp. Graec. vol. ii. p. 325. )
(P. S. )
Suid. s. o. ), states that the Thespis here meant was THE'SSALUS (Ocoganós), the name of two
the citharoedic musician, not the tragic poet ; but physicians :
Bentley maintains that this is an error. (Second 1. A son of Hippocrates, brother of Dracon I. ,
Dissert. on Phalaris, p. 265, or p. 190, cd. 1777. ) and father of Gorgins, Hippocrates III. (Jo.
3. A flute player, at the court of Ptolemy, the | Tzetzes, Chil. vii. , Hist. 155, in Fabric. Bibl. Gr.
son of Lagus, of whom nothing is known except vol. xii. p. 682, ed. vet. ; Suid. s. o. 'Intokpáros ;
the little anecdote in Lucian. (Prometh. 4, vol. i. Galen. Comment. in Ilippocr. “ De Humor. " i. 1,
[P. S. ) vol. xvi. p. 5), and Dracon II. (Suid. s. v. Apákwv)
THE'SPIUS (Oéorios), a son of Erectheus, He lived in the fifth and fourth centuries B. C. , and
who, according to some, founded the town of passed some of his time at the court of Archelaus,
Thespiae in Boeotia. (Paus. ix. 26.