No More Learning

1, 5, 6;
obscure, and frequently illustrates with great life Vell
. Pat. ii. 41. )
and vigour, the manners of the Byzantine court. 3. Sister of the preceding, was married to Cn.
In proof of this, we need only turn to the 45th Domitius Ahenobarbus, who was proscribed by
chapter of Gibbon, where the striking description Sulla in B. C. 82, and killed in Africa, whither he
of Justin's elevation, and the complicated ceremo- had fled. (AHENOBARBUS, No. 6. ]
nies which attended his coronation, is merely a
translation into simple and concise prose” from
Family of the Scipiones.
the first two books of Corippus. The text, as 4. The elder daughter of P. Scipio Africanus
might be anticipated from the circumstance that the elder, was married in her father's life-time to
each poem depends upon a single MS. , that one of P. Scipio Nasica. (Liv. xxxviii. 57 ; Polyb. xxxii.
these has never been collated or even seen by any 13. )
modern scholar, and that the other was transcribed 5. The younger daughter of P. Scipio Africanus
at a late period by a most ignorant copyist,—is the elder, was married to Ti. Sempronius Gracchus,
miserably defective; nor can we form any reason- censor B. C. 169, and was by him the mother of
able expectation of its being materially improved. the two tribunes Tiberius and Caius. Gracchus
The Editio Princeps of the Panegyric is gene espoused the popular party in the commonwealth,
rally marked by bibliographers as having been and was consequently not on good terms with
printed by Plantin, at Antwerp, in 1581; but Scipio, and it was not till after the death of the
Funccius (De incrti ac decrepit. L. L. Senectute, I latter, according to most accounts, that Gracchus


## p. 855 (#875) ############################################

CORNELIA.
855
CORNELIANUS.
married his daughter. According to other state- 6. Daughter of P. Cornelius Scipio (also called
ments, however, Cornelia was married to Gracchus Q. Caecilius Metellus Scipio, on account of his
in the life-time of her father, and Scipio is said to adoption by Q. Metellus), consul in B. C. 52,
have given her to Gracchus, because the latter in- was first married to P. Crassus, the son of the
terfered to save his brother L. Scipio from being triumvir, who perished, in B. C. 53, with his fa-
dragged to prison. (Plut. Ti. Gracch. l; Liv. ther, in the expedition against the Parthians.
xxxviii. 57. ) Cornelia was left a widow with a In the next year she married Pompey the
young family of twelve children, and devoted her- Great. This marriage was not merely a political
self entirely to their education, rejecting all offers one ; for Pompey seems to have been captivated
of a second marriage, and adhering to her resolu- by her. She was still young, possessed of ex-
tion even when tempted by Ptolemy, who offered traordinary beauty, and distinguished for her
to share his crown and bed with her. Of her knowledge of literature, music, geometry, and phi-
numerous family three only survived their child- losophy. In B. C. 49, Pompey sent ber, when he
hood, -
-a daughter, who was married to Scipio abandoned Italy, with his youngest son Sextus to
Africanus the Younger, and her two sons Tiberius Lesbos, where she received her husband upon his
and Caius. Cornelia had inherited from her father fight after the battle of Pharsalia. She accom-
a love of literature, and united in her person the panied him to the Egyptian coast, saw bim mur-
severe virtues of the old Roman matron with the dered, and fled first to Cyprus and afterwards to
superior knowledge, refinement, and civilization Cyrene. But, pardoned by Caesar, she soon after-
which then began to prevail in the higher classes wards returned to Rome, and received from him
at Rome. She was well acquainted with Greek the ashes of her husband, which she preserved on
literature, and spoke her own language with that his Alban estate. (Plut. Pomp. 55, 66, 74, 76,
purity and elegance which pre-eminently character-78–80; Appian, B. C. ii. 83 ; Dion Cass. xl. 51,
ises well educated women in every country. Her xlii. 5; Vell. Pat. ii. 53; Lucan, iii. 23, v. 725,
letters, which were extant in the time of Cicero, viii. 40, &c. )
were models of composition, and it was doubtless
mainly owing to her judicious training that her
Family of the Sullae.
sons became iu after-life such distinguished orators 7. Sister of the dictator Sulla, was married to
and statesmen. (Comp. Cic. Brut. 58. ) As the Nonius, and her son is mentioned as grown up
daughter of the conqueror of Hannibal, the mother in B. c. 88. (Plut. Sull. 10. )
of the Gracchi, and the mother-in-law of the taker 8. Daughter of the dictator Sulla, was married
of Carthage and Numantia, Cornelia occupies a to Q. Pompeius Rufus, who was murdered by the
prouder position than any other woman in Roman Marian party, in B. C. 88, at the instigation of the
history. She was almost idolized by the people, tribune Sulpicius. (Liv. Epit. 77; Vell. Pat. ii.
and exercised an important influence over her two 18; Plut. Sull. 8. )
sons, whose greatness she lived to see, -and also 9. Another daughter of the dictator Sulla, was
their death. It was related by some writers that Ti. married first to C. Memmius, and afterwards to T.
Gracchus was urged on to propose his laws by the Annius Milo. She is better known by the name
reproaches of his mother, who upbraided him with of Fausta. [Fausta. )
her being called the mother-in-law of Scipio and CORNELIA ORESTILLA. [ORESTILLA. ]
not the mother of the Gracchi; but though she CORNEʻLIA PAULLA. [PAULLA. ]
was doubtless privy to all the plans of her son, CORNE'LIA GENS, patrician and plebeian,
and probably urged him to persevere in his course, was one of the most distinguished Roman gentes,
his lofty soul needed not such inducements as these and produced a greater number of illustrious men
to undertake what he considered necessary for the than any other house at Rome. All its great
salvation of the state. Such respect was paid to families belonged to the patrician order. The
her by her son Caius, that he dropped a law upon names of the patrician families are :— ARVINA,
her intercession which was directed against M. Blasio, CBTHEGUS, Cinna, Cossus, DOLABELLA,
Octavius, who had been a colleague of Tiberius in LENTULUS (with the agnomens Caudinus, Clodi-
his tribunate. But great as she was, she did not anus, Crus, Gaetulicus, Lupus, Maluginensis, Mar.
escape the foul aspersions of calumny and slander. cellinus, Niger, Rufinus, Scipio, Spinther, Sura),
Some attributed to her, with the assistance of her MaLUGINENSIS, MAMMULA, MERENDA, MERULA,
daughter, the death of her son-in-law, Scipio Afri- RUFINU6, SCAPULA, SCIPIO (with the agpomens
canus the Younger (Appian, B. C. i. 20); but this Africanus, Asiaticus, A sina, Barbatus, Calvus,
charge is probably nothing but the base invention of Hivpallus, Nasica, Serapio), Sisenna, and SULLA
party malice. She bore the death of her sons with (with the agnomen Felir). The names of the
magnanimity, and said in reference to the conse- plebeian families are BALBus and GALLUs, and we
crated places where they had lost their lives, that also find various cognomens, as Chrysogonus, Cul-
they were sepulchres worthy of them. On the mur-leolus, Phagita, &c. , given to freedmen of this gens.
der of Caius, she retired to Misenum, where she There are also several plebeians mentioned without
spent the remainder of her life. Here she exercised any surname : of these an account is given under
unbounded hospitality ; she was constantly sur-CORNELIUS. The following cognomens occur on
rounded by Greeks and men of letters ; and the coins of this gens:--Balbus, Blasio, Cethegus, Cinna,
various kings in alliance with the Romans were Lentulus, Scipio, Sisenna, Sulla. Under the empire
accustomed to send her presents, and receive the the number of cognomens increased considerably;
like from her in return. Thus she reached a good of these an alphabetical list is given under Cor-
old age, honoured and respected by all, and the nelius.
Roman people erected a statue to her, with the CORNELIA'NUS, a Roman rhetorician, who
inscription, CornelIA, MOTHER OF THE GRacchi. seems to have lived in the reign of M. Aurelius
(Plut. Ti. Grucch. 1, 8, C. Gracch. 4, 19; Oros. and Verus, and was secretary to the emperor M.
v. 12; Vell. Pat. ii. 7. )
Aurelius. The grammarian Phrynichus, wbo de-
.


## p. 856 (#876) ############################################

856
CORNELIUS.
CORNELIUS.
dicated to Cornelianus his “ Eclogc. " speaks of him unwilling to be deprived of, and the tribune Ser-
in terms of high praise, and describes hiin as wor- vilius Globulus, a colleaguc of Cornelius, was per-
thy of the age of Demosthenes. (Comp. Phrynich. suaded to interposc, and prohibit the reading of
s. v. Baginioga, p. 225, s. v. td mpóowna, p. 379, the rogation hy the clerk. Cornelius thereupon
ed. Lobeck. ) Fronto (Epist. ad Amic. i. 4, p. 187 rend it himself, and a tumult followed. Comclius
and p. 237) mentions a rhetorician of the name of took no part in the riot, and evinced his moderation
Sulpicius Cornelianus; but whether he is the same by being content with a law, which made the
as the friend of Phrynichus, as Mai supposes, is presence of 200 senators requisite to the validity
uncertain, though there is nothing to oppose the of a dispensing senatusconsultum. When his year
supposition.
[L. S. ] of office was ended, he was accused of majestas by
CORNEʼLIUS. Many plebeians of this name P. Cominius, for reading the rogation in defiance
frequently occur towards the end of the republic of the intercession of Globulus; the accusation
without any cognomen. (CORNELIA Gens. ) Their was dropped this year, but renewed in B. C. 65.
great number is no doubt owing to the fact men-Cornelius was ably defended by Cicero (part of
tioned by Appian (B. C. i. 100), that the dictator whose speech is extant), and was acquitted by a
Sulla bestowed the Roman franchise upon 10,000 majority of votes. [COMINIUS, Nos. 5 and 6. ]
slaves, and called them after his own name, “ Cor- In his tribuneship, he was the successful pro-
nelii," that he might always have a large number poser of a law, of which the importance can
among the people to support him. Of these the scarcely be over-rated. In order to check the
most important are :--
partiality of occasional edicts, it was enacted by
1.
Cornelius, a secretary (scriba) in Sulla's the lex Cornelia “ ut praetores ex edictis suis per-
dictatorship, lived to become city quaestor in the petuis jus dicerent. " (Dict. of Ant. s. t. Edictum. )
dictatorship of Caesar. (Sall. Hist. in Or. Lep. ; Cornelius was a man of blameless private life,
Cic. de off. ii. 8. )
and, in his public character, though he was accused
2. CORNELIUS PHAGITA, the commander of a of factiousness by the nobles, seems to have adva
company of soldiers, into whose hands Caesar fell cated useful measures. (Asconius, in Cic. pro
when he was proscribed by Sulla in B. c. 82. It Cornel. ; Dion Cass. xxxvi. 21, 23; Drumann's
was with difficulty that Cornelius allowed him to Gesch. Roms, ii. p. 613. )
(J. T. G. ]
escape even after receiving a bribe of two talents, CORNEʻLIUS, succeeded Fabianus as bishop
but Caesar never punished him when he afterwards of Rome on the 4th of June, A. D. 251. He is
obtained supreme power. (Suet. Caes. 74; Plut. chiefly remarkable on account of the controversy
Cacs. 1.
which he maintained with Novatianus in regard to
3. C. CORNELIUS, tribune of the plebs, B. C. 67, the readmission of the Lapsi, that is, Christians
whom Cicero defended. See below.
who after baptism, influenced by the terrors of per-
4. C. CORNELIUS, a Roman knight, and one of secution, had openly fallen away from the faith.
Catiline's crew, undertook, in conjunction with L. Cornelius was disposed to be lenient towards the
Vargunteius to murder Cicero in B. c. 63, but their renegades upon receiving full evidence of their
plan was frustrated by information conveyed to contrition, while Novatianus denied the power of
Cicero througb Curius and Fulvia. When accused the church to grant forgiveness under such circum-
subsequently, he could obtain no one to defer. d stances and restore the culprits to her communion.
bim; but he escaped punishment probably on ac. The result of the dispute was, that, upon the elec-
count of the information he gave respecting the tion of Cornelius, Novatianus refused to acknow-
conspiracy. When P. Sulla was accused in B c. ledge the authority of his opponent, who summoned
62 of participation in the conspiracy, Cornelius a council, by which his own opinions were fully
caused his son to come forward as a witness against confirmed. Upon this the religious warfare raged
biin. (Sal. Cat. 17, 28; Cic. pro Sull. 2, 6, 18. ) more fiercely than ever; Novatianus was irregu-
5. P. CORNELIUS, tribune of the plebs, B. c. 51. larly chosen bishop by some of his own partizans,
(Cic. ad Fum. vii. 8. )
and thus arose the schism of the Novatians. (No.
6. CORNELIUS, a centurion in the army of VATIANUS. ) Cornelius, however, enjoyed his
young Octavianus, was at the head of the embassy dignity for but a very brief period. He was
sent to Rome in B. C. 43, to demand in the name banished to Civita Vecchia by the emperor Gallus,
of the army the consulship for their general. in A. D. 252, where he soon after died, or, accord-
When the senate hesitated to comply with their ing to some accounts, suffered martyrdom. He is
demands, Cornelius threw back his cloak, and known to have writted several Epistles, two of
pointing to the hilt of his sword, exclaimed, “ This which addressed to Cyprian will be found in the
shall make him consul, if you won't. ”(Suet. Aug. 26. ) works of that prelate, and in Coustant's “ Epistolae
C. CORNELIUS, of a plebeian branch of the Pontificum," p. 125, while a fragment of a third is
Cornelia gens, was quaestor of Pompey the Great. preserved in the ecclesiastical history of Eusebius.
In the year B. C. 67, he was tribune of the plebs, (vi. 43. ) (CYPRIANUS. ]
(W. R. )
and proposed a law in the senate to prevent the CORNELIUS, SE'RVIUS. In the Graeco-
lending of money to foreign ambassadors at Rome. Roman Epitome Legum, composed about A. D. 945
The proposition was not carried, since many of by one Embatus, and preserved in MS. at Flo-
the senators derived profit from the practice, which rence (Cod. Laurent. lxxx. 6), it is stated, that
had led to shameful abuses by the bribery and ex- Servius Cornelius was employed by the emperor
tortions which it covered. He then proposed that Hadrian, in conjunction with Salvius Julianus, to
no person should be released from the obligations collect, arrange, and remodel the edictum per-
of a law except by the populus. The senate had petuum. The passage (which, though the late-
of late exercised a power, analogous to that of the ness of its date diminishes its value, is the most
British Parliament in passing private acts, which explicit of the few that relate to this obscure part
exempt individuals in certain cases from the general of legal history) is given by Klenze. (Lehrbuch
provisions of the law. This power the senate was der Gesch. des Röm. Kicchts. p. 51. ) [J. T. G. ]
6


## p. 857 (#877) ############################################

CORNIFICIUS.
057
CORNIFICIUS.
CORNE'LIUS CELSUS. (Celsus. )
2. Q. Cornificius, was one of the judices on
CORNE’LIUS CHRYSOGONUS. (Chrythe trial of Verres, and tribune of the plebs in the
SOGONUS. )
following year, B. C. 69. He probably obtained
CORNELIUS FRONTO. [Fronto. ] the praetorship in 66, and was one of Cicero's
CORNEʼLIUS FUSCUS. [Fuscus. ) competitors for the consulship in 64. His failure,
CORNEʻLIUS LACO. (Laco. ]
however, did not make him an enemy of the great
CORNELIUS MARCELLUS. (MARCEL orator; he seems to have assisted him in the sup
LUS. ]
pression of the Catilinarian conspiracy, and it wils
CORNELIUS MARTIALIS. (MARTIALIS. ) to his care that Cethegus was committed upon the
CORNELIUS NEPOS. (Nepos. )
arrest of the conspirators. Subsequently in B. C.
CORNE’LIUS TACITUS. (Tacitus. ] 62, Cornificius was the first to bring before the
CORNE'LIUS TLEPOʻLEMUS. [TLEPO senate the sacrilege of Clodius in viulating the
LEMUS. )
mysteries of the Bona Dea. He probably died
CORNE’LIUS TUSCUS. [Tuscus. ] soon afterwards, as we hear nothing further of him.
CORNI'ADES (Kopvidons), an intimate friend He is called by Asconius “vir sobrius ac sanctus. ”
of Epicurus, is spoken of by Cicero (de Fin. v. 31) (Cic. in l'err. Act. i. 10; Ascon. in Tog. Cand. p.
as paying a visit to Arcesilaus. The MSS. of Ci- 82; Cic. ad Atl. i. 1; Sall. Cat. 47; Appian,
cero bare Carneades, but there can be little doubt B. C. ii. 5; Cic. ad Att. i. 13. )
that Corniades is the correct reading, since the 3. Q. CORNIFICIUS, son of No. 2, is first men-
latter is mentioned by Plutarch (non posse suaviter tioned in B. c. 50, as betrothing himself to the
riri sccundum Epicur. p. 1089) as a friend of Epi- daughter of Aurelia Orestilla, the beautiful but
pro-
curus, and the former could not possibly have | Migate widow of Catiline. (Cic. ad Fam. viii. 7. )
been the friend of Epicurus, as Carneades died in In the civil war between Caesar and Pompey, he
B. c. 129, and Epicurus in B. c. 209.
served in 48 as the quaestor of the former, by
COʻRNICEN, a “horn-blower," an agnomen of whom he was sent into Illyricum with the title of
Postumus Aebutius Elva, consul B.