The story is confirmed Thence he returned to Egypt, and publicly taught
by Jerome, who relates that this Hebrew Gospel his heretical doctrines at Alexandria.
by Jerome, who relates that this Hebrew Gospel his heretical doctrines at Alexandria.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
I.
i.
p.
112, ii.
pp.
Lamus, the son of Omphale.
(Steph.
Byz.
s.
v.
532, 647, 743; and Grabe, Mosheim, Walch, and Bápyara. ).
[L. S. )
Hahn, I. c. )
(J. M. M. ] BA'RGYLUS (Bápyuros), a friend of Bellero-
BARDYLIS or BARDYLLIS (Bápouais, phon, who was killed by Pegasus, and in comme-
Bápolis), the Illyrian chieftain, is said to have moration of whom Bellerophon gave to a town in
been originally a collier, — next, the leader of a Caria the name of Bargyla (Steph. Byz. s. v.
band of freebooters, in which capacity he was Bápyuta. )
[L. S. )
famous for his equity in the distribution of plun- BA'RNABAS (Bapvábas), one of the early in-
der,--and ultimately to have raised himself to the spired teachers of Christianity, was originally named
supreme power in Illyria. (Wesseling, ad Diod. Joseph, and received the apellation Barnabas from
xvi. 4, and the authorities there referred to. ) He the apostles. To the few details in his life supplied
supported Argaeus against Amyntas II, in his by the New Testament various additions have been
struggle for the throne of Macedonia (see p. 154, made ; none of which are certainly true, while
b. ]; and from Diodorus (xvi. 2) it appears that many of them are evidently false. Clemens Alex-
Amyntas, after his restoration to his kingdom, was andrinus, Eusebius, and others, affirm, that Barna-
obliged to purchase peace of Bardylis by tribute, bas was one of the seventy disciples sent forth by
and to deliver up as a hostage his ycungest son, our Lord himself to preach the gospel. Baronius
Philip, who, according to this account (which and some others have maintained, that Barnabas
seems far from the truth), was committed by the not only preached the gospel in Italy, but founded
Illyrians to the custody of the Thebans. (Diod. the church in Milan, of which they say he was the
xvi 2 ; comp. Wesseling, ad loc. ; Diod. xv. 67 ; | first bishop. That this opinion rests on no suiti-
TA
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## p. 464 (#484) ############################################
464
BARNABAS.
BARSUMAS.
cient evidence is ably shewn by the candid Tille- I his first, and, in 1812, in his second edition of the
mont. (Mémoires, &c. vol. i. p. 657, &c. ) Some Patres A postolici. In English we liave one transla-
other fabulous stories concerning Barnabas are re- tion of this epistie by Archbishop Wake, originally
lated by Alexander, a monk of Cyprus, whose age published in 1993 and often reprinted. Among the
is doubtful; by Theodorus Lector; and in the Cle German translations of it, the best are by Rossler,
mentina, the Recognitions of Clemens, and the in the first volume of his Bibliothek der Kirchenräter,
spurious Passio Barnabae in Cypro, forged in the and by Hefele, in his Dus Sendschreiben des Apos-
name of Mark.
tels Barnabas aufs Neue untersucht, übersetzt, und
Tertullian, in his treatise “de Pudicitia," ascribes erklärt, Tübingen, 1840.
(J. M. M. )
the Epistle to the Hebrews to Barnabas ; but this BARRUS, T. BETUCIUS, of Asculuin, a
opinion, though probably shared by some of his town in Picenum, is described by Cicero (Brut.
contemporaries, is destitute of all probability. 46), as the most eloquent of all orators out of
A gospel ascribed to Barnabas is held in great Rome. In Cicero's time several of his orations
reverence among the Turks, and has been translated delivered at Asculum were extant, and also one
into Italian, Spanish, and English. It seems to be the against Caepio, which was spoken at Rome. This
production of a Gnostic, disfigured by the interpo Caepio was Q. Servilius Caepio, who perished in
lations of some Mohammedan writer. (Fabric. Co the social war, B. c. 90. (Caepio. ]
dex Apocryphus Novi Testamenti, Pars Tertia, pp. BARSANU'PHIUS (Bapoavoúpios), a monk
373-394 ; White's Bampton Lectures. )
of Gaza, about 548 A. D. , was the author of some
Respecting the epistle attributed to Barnabas works on aceticism, which are preserved in MS.
great diversity of opinion has prevailed from the in the imperial library at Vienna and the royal
date of its publication by Hugh Menard, in 1645, library at Paris. (Cave, Hist. Lit. sub. ann. ) [P. S. )
down to the present day. The external evidence BARSINE (Bapoívn). 1. Daughter of Arta-
is decidedly in favour of its genuineness ; for the bazus, the satrap of Bithynia, and wife of Memnon
epistle is ascribed to Barnabas, the coadjutor of the Rhodian. In B. c. 334, the year of Alexander's
Paul, no fewer than seven times by Clemens Alex- invasion of Asia, she and her children were sent
andrinus, and twice by Origen. Eusebius and Je- by Memnon to Dareius III. as hostages for his
rome, however, though they held the epistle to be fidelity; and in the ensuing year, when Damascus
a genuine production of Barnabas, yet did not ad- was betrayed to the Macedonians, she fell into the
mit it into the canon. When we come to examine hands of Alexander, by whom she became the mo-
the contents of the epistle, we are at a loss to con- ther of a son named Hercules. On Alexander's
ceive how any serious believer in divine revelation death, B. c. 323, a claim to the throne on this boy's
could ever think of ascribing a work full of such behalf was unsuccessfully urged by Nearchus.
gross absurdities and blunders to a teacher endowed From a comparison of the accounts of Diodorus
with the gifts of the Spirit. It is not improbable and Justin, it appears that he was brought up at
that the author's name was Barnabas, and that the Pergamus under his mother's care, and that she
Alexandrian fathers, finding its contents so accord- shared his fate when (B. C. 309) Polysperchon was
ant with their system of allegorical interpretation, induced by Cassander to murder him. (Plut. Alex.
came very gladly to the precipitate conclusion that 21, Eum. l; Diod. xvii. 23, xx. 20, 28; Curt.
it was composed by the associate of Paul.
iii. 13. & 14, x. 6. & 10; Just. xi. 10, xii. 2, xv. 2;
This epistle is found in several Greek manu- Paus. ix. 7. ) Plutarch (Eum. 1. c. ) mentions a
scripts appended to Polycarp's Epistle to the Phi- sister* of hers, of the same name, whom Alexan-
lippians. An old Latin translation of the epistle of der gave in marriage to Eumenes at the grand
Barnabas was found in the abbey of Corbey; and, nuptials at Susa in B. C. 324 ; but see Arrian, Anab.
on comparing it with the Greek manuscripts, it was vii. p. 148, e.
discovered that they all of them want the first four 2. Known also by the name of Stateira, was the
chapters and part of the fifth. The Latin transla- elder daughter of Dareius III. , and became the
tion, on the other hand, is destitute of the last four bride of Alexander at Susah, B. C. 324. Within a
chapters contained in the Greek codices. An edi- year after Alexander's death she was treacherously
tion of this epistle was prepared by Usher, and murdered by Roxana, acting in concert with the
printed at Oxford ; but it perished, with the excep regent Perdiccas, through fear of Barsine's giving
tion of a few pages, in the great fire at Oxford in birth to a son whose claims might interfere with
1644. The following are the principal editions : those of her own. (Plut. Aler. 70, 77; Arr. Anab.
in 1645, 4to. at Paris; this edition was prepared vii. p. 148, d. ; Diod. xvii. 107. ) Justin (xi. 10)
by Menard, and brought out after his death by seems to confound this Barsine with the one men-
Luke d'Acherry ; in 1646, by Isaac Vossius, ap- tioned above.
[E. E. ]
pended to his edition of the epistles of Ignatius ; BARSUMAS or BARSAUMAS, bishop of
in 1655, 4to. at Helmstadt, edited by Mader; in Nisibis (435-485 A. D. ), was one of the most emi-
1672, with valuable notes by the editor, in Cotele- nent leaders of the Nestorians. His efforts gained
rius's edition of the Apostolic Fathers : it is includ- for Nestorianism in Persia numerous adherents,
ed in both of Le Clerc's republications of this work; and the patronage of the king, Pherozes, who, at
in 1680, Isaac Vossius's editio. was republished; the instigation of Barsumas, expelled from his
in 1685, 12mo. at Oxford, an edition superintended kingdom the opponents of the Nestorians, and al-
by Bishop Fell, and containing the few surviving lowed the latter to erect Seleuceia and Ctesiphon
fragments of Usher's notes; in the same year, in the into a patriarchal see. He was the author of some
Varia Sacra of Stephen Le Moyne ; the first volume polemical works, which are lost. He must not be
containing long prolegomena, and the second pro- confounded with Barsumas, an abbot, who was
lix but very learned annotations to this epistle ; condemned for Eutychianism by the council of
in 1746, 8vo. in Russel's edition of the Apostolic
Fathers; in 1788, in the first volume of Gallandi's Perhaps a half-sister, a daughter of Artabazus
Bibliotheca Putrum; in 1839, 8vo. by Hefele, in | by the sister of Memnon and Mentor.
ܪ
## p. 465 (#485) ############################################
BASILEIDES.
465
BASILIDES.
66
Chalcedon, and afterwards spread the tenets of esoteric doctrine of that apostle. (Clem. Alex. Strom.
Eutyches through Syria and Armenia, about A. D. vii. p. 765, ed. Potter. ) No other Christian writer
460. (Asseman, Biblioth. Orient. ii. pp. 1-10, and makes any mention of Glaucias. Basileides was
preliminary Dissertation, iii. pt. 1. p. 66. ). (P. S. ] the disciple of Menander and the fellow-disciple of
BARTHOLOMAEUS (Bapooropaios), one of Saturninus. He is said to have spent some time
the twelve apostles of our Lord. Eusebius (H. E. at Antioch with Saturninus, when the latter was
v. 10) informs us, that when Panthenus visited the commencing his heretical teaching, and then to
Indians, he found in their possession a Hebrew have proceeded to Persia, where he sowed the
Gospel of Matthew, which their fathers had re- seeds of Gnosticism, which ripened under Manes.
ceived from Bartholomew.
The story is confirmed Thence he returned to Egypt, and publicly taught
by Jerome, who relates that this Hebrew Gospel his heretical doctrines at Alexandria. He appears
was brought to Alexandria by Pantaenus. It is to have lived till after the accession of Antoninus
not very easy to determine who these Indians Pius in 138 a. D. He made additions to the doc-
were; but Mosheim and Neander, who identify trines of Menander and Saturninus. A complete
them with the inhabitants of Arabia Felix, are account of his system of theology and cosmogony
probably in the right. The time, place, and man- is given by Mosheim (Eccles. Hist. bk. i. pt. ii.
ner of the death of Bartholomew are altogether c. 5. $S 11-13, and de Reb. Christ. ante Constant.
uncertain. There was an apocryphal gospel falsely pp. 342-361), Lardner (History of Heretics, bk. ii.
attributed to him, which is condemned by Pope c. 2), and Walch. (Hist
. der Ketzer. i. 281-309. )
Gelasius in his decree de Libris Apocryphis. (Tille-Basileides was the author of Commentaries on the
mont, Mémoires, &c. vol. i. pp. 387—389, 642-Gospel, in twenty-four books, fragments of which
645. Ed. sec. ; Mosheim, de Rebus Christianorum, are preserved in Grabe, Spicileg, ii. p. 39. Origen,
fc. p. 205, &c. ; Neander, Allgemeine Geschichte, Ambrose, and Jerome mention a gospel of Basi-
gc. i. p. 113. )
[J. M. M. ] leides,” which may perhaps mean nothing more
BARSAENTES (Bapoaérons), or BARZAEN- than his Commentaries.
TUS (Bapšáevtos), satrap of the Arachoti and 5. Bishop of the Libyan Pentapolis, was a con-
Drangae, was present at the battle of Guagamela, temporary and friend of Dionysius of Alexandria,
B. c. 331, and after the defeat of the Persian army to whom he wrote letters “ on the time of our
conspired with Bessus against Dareius. He was Lord's resurrection, and at what hour of that day
one of those who mortally wounded the Persian the antepaschal fast should cease. ” The letters of
king, when Alexander was in pursuit of him ; Basileides are lost, but the answers of Dionysius
and after this he fled to India, where, however, he remain. Cave says, that Basileides seems to bave
was seized by the inhabitants and delivered up to been an Egyptian by birth, and he places him at
Alexander, who put bim to death. (Arrian, Anab. the year 256 a. D. (Hist
. Litt. sub. ann. ) [P. S. ]
iji. 8, 21, 25 ; Diod. xvii. 74 ; Curt. vi. 6, viii. BASILIANUS, prefect of Egypt at the assas-
13. )
sination of Caracalla and the elevation of Macrinus,
BARYAXES (Βαρυάξης ), a Mede, who by whom he was nominated to the coinmand of
assumed the sovereignty during Alexander's ab- the praetorians. Before setting out to assume his
bence in India, but was seized by Atropates, the office, he put to death certain messengers despatched
satrap of Media, and put to death by Alexander, by Elagabalus to publish his claims and proclaim
B. C. 325. (Arrian, Anab. vi. 29. )
bis accession ; but soon after, upon hearing of the
BARZANES (Bapsávns). 1. One of the early success of the pretender and the overthrow of his
kings of Armenia according to Diodorus (ii. 1), patron, be fled to Italy, where he was betrayed by
who makes him a tributary of the Assyrian Ninus. a friend, seized, and sent off to the new emperor,
2. Appointed satrap of the Parthyaei by Bessus, at that time wintering in Nicomedeia. Upon his
B. C. 330, afterwards fell into the power of Alexan- arrival, he was slain by the orders of the prince,
der. (Arrian, Anab. iv. 7. )
A. D. 213. (Dion Cass. lxxviii. 35. ) [W. R. )
BAS (Bas), king of Bithynia, reigned fifty BASILICA. (PRAXILLA. )
years, from B. C. 376 to 326, and died at the age BASI'LACAS. (NICEPHORUS BASILICAS. ]
of 71. He succeeded his father Boteiras, and was BASI’LICUS (Baoilikós), a rhetorician and
himself succeeded by his own son Zipoetes. He i sophist of Nicomedeia. As we know that he was
defeated Calantus, the general of Alexander, and one of the teachers of Apsines of Gadara, he must
maintained the independence of Bithynia (Mem- have lived about A. D. 200. He was the author of
non, c. 20, ed. Orelli. )
several rhetorical works, among which are specified
BASILEIDES (Βασιλείδης). 1. A Greek one περί των δια των λέξεων σχημάτων, a second
grammarian, who wrote a work on the Dialect of | περί ρητορικής παρασκευής, a third περί ασκήσεως,
Homer (Tepi nézews 'Oumpikns), of which an epi- and a fourth repl HET TOIMOews. (Suidas, s. vv.
tome was made by Cratinus. Both works are Βασιλικός and 'Αψίνης; Eudoc. p. 93. ). [L. S. ]
lost. (Etymol. Mag. s. v. Aplcndos. )
BASI'LIDES. 1. A priest, who predicted suc-
2. Of Scythopolis, a Stoic philosopher mentioned cess to Vespasian as he was sacrificing on mount
by Eusebius (Chron. Arm. p. 384, ed. Zohrab and Carmel. (Tac. Hist. ii. 75. )
Mai) and Syncellus (p. 351, b. ) as flourishing un- 2. An Egyptian of high rank, who is related to
der Antoninus Pius, and as the teacher of Verus have appeared miraculously to Vespasian in the
Caesar.
temple of Jupiter Serapis at Alexandria. (Tac.
3. An Epicurean philosopher, the successor of Hist
. ir. 82; Sueton. Vesp. 7. ) Suetonius calls
Dionysius. (Diog. Laërt. x. 25. )
him a freedman ; but the reading is probably cor-
4. Of Alexandria, was one of the earliest and most rupt.
eminent leaders of the Gnostics. The time when he BASI'LIDES, a jurist, contemporary with Jus-
lived is not ascertained with certainty, but it was tinian, and one of a commission of ten employed
probably about 120 A. V. He professed to have by the emperor to compile the first code, which
received from Glaucias, a disciple of St. Peter, the I was afterwards suppressed, and gave place to the
2n
## p. 466 (#486) ############################################
466
BASILISCUS.
BASILISCUS.
Cover repetitae praelectionis. In the first and se- Roman arms. During the negotiations, Genseric
cond prefaces to the code the names of the commis assembled his ships, and suddenly attacked the
sioners are mentioned in the following order :- Roman fleet, which was unprepared for a general
Joannes, Leontius, Phocas, Basileides, Thomas, engagement. Basiliscus fied in the heat of the
Tribonianus, Constantinus, Theophilus, Dioscurus, battle; his lieutenant, Joanncs, one of the most
Praesentinus. From the same sources it appears distinguished warriors of liis time, when overpow-
that before 528, Basileides had been prefectus ered by the Vandals, refused the pardon that was
praetorio of the East, and invested with the dig- promised him, and with his heavy armour leaped
nity of patricius, and that in 529 he was PP. of overboard, and drowned himself in the sca. One
Illyricum.
[J. T. G. ) half of the Roman ships was burnt, sunk, or
BASILI'NA, the mother of Julian the apostate, taken, the other half followed the fugitive Basilis-
being the second wife of Julius Constantius, brocus. The whole expedition had failed. After his
ther of Constantine the Great. She is believed to arrival at Constantinople, Basiliscus hid himself in
have been the daughter of Anicius Julianus, consul | the church of St. Sophia, in order to escape the
in A. D. 322, and afterwards prefect of the city. wrath of the people and the revenge of the emperor,
Her marriage took place at Constantinople, and she but he obtained his pardon by the mediation of
died in 331, a few months after the birth of her Verina, and he was punished merely with banish-
only son. From this princess the city of Basilino ment to Heraclea in Thrace.
polis in Bithynia received its name. (Ammian. Basiliscus is generally represented as a gond ge-
Marcellin. xxv. 3; Liban. Orat. xii. p. 262; Not. eccl. neral, though easily deceived by stratagems; and it
Hierocl. p.
532, 647, 743; and Grabe, Mosheim, Walch, and Bápyara. ).
[L. S. )
Hahn, I. c. )
(J. M. M. ] BA'RGYLUS (Bápyuros), a friend of Bellero-
BARDYLIS or BARDYLLIS (Bápouais, phon, who was killed by Pegasus, and in comme-
Bápolis), the Illyrian chieftain, is said to have moration of whom Bellerophon gave to a town in
been originally a collier, — next, the leader of a Caria the name of Bargyla (Steph. Byz. s. v.
band of freebooters, in which capacity he was Bápyuta. )
[L. S. )
famous for his equity in the distribution of plun- BA'RNABAS (Bapvábas), one of the early in-
der,--and ultimately to have raised himself to the spired teachers of Christianity, was originally named
supreme power in Illyria. (Wesseling, ad Diod. Joseph, and received the apellation Barnabas from
xvi. 4, and the authorities there referred to. ) He the apostles. To the few details in his life supplied
supported Argaeus against Amyntas II, in his by the New Testament various additions have been
struggle for the throne of Macedonia (see p. 154, made ; none of which are certainly true, while
b. ]; and from Diodorus (xvi. 2) it appears that many of them are evidently false. Clemens Alex-
Amyntas, after his restoration to his kingdom, was andrinus, Eusebius, and others, affirm, that Barna-
obliged to purchase peace of Bardylis by tribute, bas was one of the seventy disciples sent forth by
and to deliver up as a hostage his ycungest son, our Lord himself to preach the gospel. Baronius
Philip, who, according to this account (which and some others have maintained, that Barnabas
seems far from the truth), was committed by the not only preached the gospel in Italy, but founded
Illyrians to the custody of the Thebans. (Diod. the church in Milan, of which they say he was the
xvi 2 ; comp. Wesseling, ad loc. ; Diod. xv. 67 ; | first bishop. That this opinion rests on no suiti-
TA
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is
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!
## p. 464 (#484) ############################################
464
BARNABAS.
BARSUMAS.
cient evidence is ably shewn by the candid Tille- I his first, and, in 1812, in his second edition of the
mont. (Mémoires, &c. vol. i. p. 657, &c. ) Some Patres A postolici. In English we liave one transla-
other fabulous stories concerning Barnabas are re- tion of this epistie by Archbishop Wake, originally
lated by Alexander, a monk of Cyprus, whose age published in 1993 and often reprinted. Among the
is doubtful; by Theodorus Lector; and in the Cle German translations of it, the best are by Rossler,
mentina, the Recognitions of Clemens, and the in the first volume of his Bibliothek der Kirchenräter,
spurious Passio Barnabae in Cypro, forged in the and by Hefele, in his Dus Sendschreiben des Apos-
name of Mark.
tels Barnabas aufs Neue untersucht, übersetzt, und
Tertullian, in his treatise “de Pudicitia," ascribes erklärt, Tübingen, 1840.
(J. M. M. )
the Epistle to the Hebrews to Barnabas ; but this BARRUS, T. BETUCIUS, of Asculuin, a
opinion, though probably shared by some of his town in Picenum, is described by Cicero (Brut.
contemporaries, is destitute of all probability. 46), as the most eloquent of all orators out of
A gospel ascribed to Barnabas is held in great Rome. In Cicero's time several of his orations
reverence among the Turks, and has been translated delivered at Asculum were extant, and also one
into Italian, Spanish, and English. It seems to be the against Caepio, which was spoken at Rome. This
production of a Gnostic, disfigured by the interpo Caepio was Q. Servilius Caepio, who perished in
lations of some Mohammedan writer. (Fabric. Co the social war, B. c. 90. (Caepio. ]
dex Apocryphus Novi Testamenti, Pars Tertia, pp. BARSANU'PHIUS (Bapoavoúpios), a monk
373-394 ; White's Bampton Lectures. )
of Gaza, about 548 A. D. , was the author of some
Respecting the epistle attributed to Barnabas works on aceticism, which are preserved in MS.
great diversity of opinion has prevailed from the in the imperial library at Vienna and the royal
date of its publication by Hugh Menard, in 1645, library at Paris. (Cave, Hist. Lit. sub. ann. ) [P. S. )
down to the present day. The external evidence BARSINE (Bapoívn). 1. Daughter of Arta-
is decidedly in favour of its genuineness ; for the bazus, the satrap of Bithynia, and wife of Memnon
epistle is ascribed to Barnabas, the coadjutor of the Rhodian. In B. c. 334, the year of Alexander's
Paul, no fewer than seven times by Clemens Alex- invasion of Asia, she and her children were sent
andrinus, and twice by Origen. Eusebius and Je- by Memnon to Dareius III. as hostages for his
rome, however, though they held the epistle to be fidelity; and in the ensuing year, when Damascus
a genuine production of Barnabas, yet did not ad- was betrayed to the Macedonians, she fell into the
mit it into the canon. When we come to examine hands of Alexander, by whom she became the mo-
the contents of the epistle, we are at a loss to con- ther of a son named Hercules. On Alexander's
ceive how any serious believer in divine revelation death, B. c. 323, a claim to the throne on this boy's
could ever think of ascribing a work full of such behalf was unsuccessfully urged by Nearchus.
gross absurdities and blunders to a teacher endowed From a comparison of the accounts of Diodorus
with the gifts of the Spirit. It is not improbable and Justin, it appears that he was brought up at
that the author's name was Barnabas, and that the Pergamus under his mother's care, and that she
Alexandrian fathers, finding its contents so accord- shared his fate when (B. C. 309) Polysperchon was
ant with their system of allegorical interpretation, induced by Cassander to murder him. (Plut. Alex.
came very gladly to the precipitate conclusion that 21, Eum. l; Diod. xvii. 23, xx. 20, 28; Curt.
it was composed by the associate of Paul.
iii. 13. & 14, x. 6. & 10; Just. xi. 10, xii. 2, xv. 2;
This epistle is found in several Greek manu- Paus. ix. 7. ) Plutarch (Eum. 1. c. ) mentions a
scripts appended to Polycarp's Epistle to the Phi- sister* of hers, of the same name, whom Alexan-
lippians. An old Latin translation of the epistle of der gave in marriage to Eumenes at the grand
Barnabas was found in the abbey of Corbey; and, nuptials at Susa in B. C. 324 ; but see Arrian, Anab.
on comparing it with the Greek manuscripts, it was vii. p. 148, e.
discovered that they all of them want the first four 2. Known also by the name of Stateira, was the
chapters and part of the fifth. The Latin transla- elder daughter of Dareius III. , and became the
tion, on the other hand, is destitute of the last four bride of Alexander at Susah, B. C. 324. Within a
chapters contained in the Greek codices. An edi- year after Alexander's death she was treacherously
tion of this epistle was prepared by Usher, and murdered by Roxana, acting in concert with the
printed at Oxford ; but it perished, with the excep regent Perdiccas, through fear of Barsine's giving
tion of a few pages, in the great fire at Oxford in birth to a son whose claims might interfere with
1644. The following are the principal editions : those of her own. (Plut. Aler. 70, 77; Arr. Anab.
in 1645, 4to. at Paris; this edition was prepared vii. p. 148, d. ; Diod. xvii. 107. ) Justin (xi. 10)
by Menard, and brought out after his death by seems to confound this Barsine with the one men-
Luke d'Acherry ; in 1646, by Isaac Vossius, ap- tioned above.
[E. E. ]
pended to his edition of the epistles of Ignatius ; BARSUMAS or BARSAUMAS, bishop of
in 1655, 4to. at Helmstadt, edited by Mader; in Nisibis (435-485 A. D. ), was one of the most emi-
1672, with valuable notes by the editor, in Cotele- nent leaders of the Nestorians. His efforts gained
rius's edition of the Apostolic Fathers : it is includ- for Nestorianism in Persia numerous adherents,
ed in both of Le Clerc's republications of this work; and the patronage of the king, Pherozes, who, at
in 1680, Isaac Vossius's editio. was republished; the instigation of Barsumas, expelled from his
in 1685, 12mo. at Oxford, an edition superintended kingdom the opponents of the Nestorians, and al-
by Bishop Fell, and containing the few surviving lowed the latter to erect Seleuceia and Ctesiphon
fragments of Usher's notes; in the same year, in the into a patriarchal see. He was the author of some
Varia Sacra of Stephen Le Moyne ; the first volume polemical works, which are lost. He must not be
containing long prolegomena, and the second pro- confounded with Barsumas, an abbot, who was
lix but very learned annotations to this epistle ; condemned for Eutychianism by the council of
in 1746, 8vo. in Russel's edition of the Apostolic
Fathers; in 1788, in the first volume of Gallandi's Perhaps a half-sister, a daughter of Artabazus
Bibliotheca Putrum; in 1839, 8vo. by Hefele, in | by the sister of Memnon and Mentor.
ܪ
## p. 465 (#485) ############################################
BASILEIDES.
465
BASILIDES.
66
Chalcedon, and afterwards spread the tenets of esoteric doctrine of that apostle. (Clem. Alex. Strom.
Eutyches through Syria and Armenia, about A. D. vii. p. 765, ed. Potter. ) No other Christian writer
460. (Asseman, Biblioth. Orient. ii. pp. 1-10, and makes any mention of Glaucias. Basileides was
preliminary Dissertation, iii. pt. 1. p. 66. ). (P. S. ] the disciple of Menander and the fellow-disciple of
BARTHOLOMAEUS (Bapooropaios), one of Saturninus. He is said to have spent some time
the twelve apostles of our Lord. Eusebius (H. E. at Antioch with Saturninus, when the latter was
v. 10) informs us, that when Panthenus visited the commencing his heretical teaching, and then to
Indians, he found in their possession a Hebrew have proceeded to Persia, where he sowed the
Gospel of Matthew, which their fathers had re- seeds of Gnosticism, which ripened under Manes.
ceived from Bartholomew.
The story is confirmed Thence he returned to Egypt, and publicly taught
by Jerome, who relates that this Hebrew Gospel his heretical doctrines at Alexandria. He appears
was brought to Alexandria by Pantaenus. It is to have lived till after the accession of Antoninus
not very easy to determine who these Indians Pius in 138 a. D. He made additions to the doc-
were; but Mosheim and Neander, who identify trines of Menander and Saturninus. A complete
them with the inhabitants of Arabia Felix, are account of his system of theology and cosmogony
probably in the right. The time, place, and man- is given by Mosheim (Eccles. Hist. bk. i. pt. ii.
ner of the death of Bartholomew are altogether c. 5. $S 11-13, and de Reb. Christ. ante Constant.
uncertain. There was an apocryphal gospel falsely pp. 342-361), Lardner (History of Heretics, bk. ii.
attributed to him, which is condemned by Pope c. 2), and Walch. (Hist
. der Ketzer. i. 281-309. )
Gelasius in his decree de Libris Apocryphis. (Tille-Basileides was the author of Commentaries on the
mont, Mémoires, &c. vol. i. pp. 387—389, 642-Gospel, in twenty-four books, fragments of which
645. Ed. sec. ; Mosheim, de Rebus Christianorum, are preserved in Grabe, Spicileg, ii. p. 39. Origen,
fc. p. 205, &c. ; Neander, Allgemeine Geschichte, Ambrose, and Jerome mention a gospel of Basi-
gc. i. p. 113. )
[J. M. M. ] leides,” which may perhaps mean nothing more
BARSAENTES (Bapoaérons), or BARZAEN- than his Commentaries.
TUS (Bapšáevtos), satrap of the Arachoti and 5. Bishop of the Libyan Pentapolis, was a con-
Drangae, was present at the battle of Guagamela, temporary and friend of Dionysius of Alexandria,
B. c. 331, and after the defeat of the Persian army to whom he wrote letters “ on the time of our
conspired with Bessus against Dareius. He was Lord's resurrection, and at what hour of that day
one of those who mortally wounded the Persian the antepaschal fast should cease. ” The letters of
king, when Alexander was in pursuit of him ; Basileides are lost, but the answers of Dionysius
and after this he fled to India, where, however, he remain. Cave says, that Basileides seems to bave
was seized by the inhabitants and delivered up to been an Egyptian by birth, and he places him at
Alexander, who put bim to death. (Arrian, Anab. the year 256 a. D. (Hist
. Litt. sub. ann. ) [P. S. ]
iji. 8, 21, 25 ; Diod. xvii. 74 ; Curt. vi. 6, viii. BASILIANUS, prefect of Egypt at the assas-
13. )
sination of Caracalla and the elevation of Macrinus,
BARYAXES (Βαρυάξης ), a Mede, who by whom he was nominated to the coinmand of
assumed the sovereignty during Alexander's ab- the praetorians. Before setting out to assume his
bence in India, but was seized by Atropates, the office, he put to death certain messengers despatched
satrap of Media, and put to death by Alexander, by Elagabalus to publish his claims and proclaim
B. C. 325. (Arrian, Anab. vi. 29. )
bis accession ; but soon after, upon hearing of the
BARZANES (Bapsávns). 1. One of the early success of the pretender and the overthrow of his
kings of Armenia according to Diodorus (ii. 1), patron, be fled to Italy, where he was betrayed by
who makes him a tributary of the Assyrian Ninus. a friend, seized, and sent off to the new emperor,
2. Appointed satrap of the Parthyaei by Bessus, at that time wintering in Nicomedeia. Upon his
B. C. 330, afterwards fell into the power of Alexan- arrival, he was slain by the orders of the prince,
der. (Arrian, Anab. iv. 7. )
A. D. 213. (Dion Cass. lxxviii. 35. ) [W. R. )
BAS (Bas), king of Bithynia, reigned fifty BASILICA. (PRAXILLA. )
years, from B. C. 376 to 326, and died at the age BASI'LACAS. (NICEPHORUS BASILICAS. ]
of 71. He succeeded his father Boteiras, and was BASI’LICUS (Baoilikós), a rhetorician and
himself succeeded by his own son Zipoetes. He i sophist of Nicomedeia. As we know that he was
defeated Calantus, the general of Alexander, and one of the teachers of Apsines of Gadara, he must
maintained the independence of Bithynia (Mem- have lived about A. D. 200. He was the author of
non, c. 20, ed. Orelli. )
several rhetorical works, among which are specified
BASILEIDES (Βασιλείδης). 1. A Greek one περί των δια των λέξεων σχημάτων, a second
grammarian, who wrote a work on the Dialect of | περί ρητορικής παρασκευής, a third περί ασκήσεως,
Homer (Tepi nézews 'Oumpikns), of which an epi- and a fourth repl HET TOIMOews. (Suidas, s. vv.
tome was made by Cratinus. Both works are Βασιλικός and 'Αψίνης; Eudoc. p. 93. ). [L. S. ]
lost. (Etymol. Mag. s. v. Aplcndos. )
BASI'LIDES. 1. A priest, who predicted suc-
2. Of Scythopolis, a Stoic philosopher mentioned cess to Vespasian as he was sacrificing on mount
by Eusebius (Chron. Arm. p. 384, ed. Zohrab and Carmel. (Tac. Hist. ii. 75. )
Mai) and Syncellus (p. 351, b. ) as flourishing un- 2. An Egyptian of high rank, who is related to
der Antoninus Pius, and as the teacher of Verus have appeared miraculously to Vespasian in the
Caesar.
temple of Jupiter Serapis at Alexandria. (Tac.
3. An Epicurean philosopher, the successor of Hist
. ir. 82; Sueton. Vesp. 7. ) Suetonius calls
Dionysius. (Diog. Laërt. x. 25. )
him a freedman ; but the reading is probably cor-
4. Of Alexandria, was one of the earliest and most rupt.
eminent leaders of the Gnostics. The time when he BASI'LIDES, a jurist, contemporary with Jus-
lived is not ascertained with certainty, but it was tinian, and one of a commission of ten employed
probably about 120 A. V. He professed to have by the emperor to compile the first code, which
received from Glaucias, a disciple of St. Peter, the I was afterwards suppressed, and gave place to the
2n
## p. 466 (#486) ############################################
466
BASILISCUS.
BASILISCUS.
Cover repetitae praelectionis. In the first and se- Roman arms. During the negotiations, Genseric
cond prefaces to the code the names of the commis assembled his ships, and suddenly attacked the
sioners are mentioned in the following order :- Roman fleet, which was unprepared for a general
Joannes, Leontius, Phocas, Basileides, Thomas, engagement. Basiliscus fied in the heat of the
Tribonianus, Constantinus, Theophilus, Dioscurus, battle; his lieutenant, Joanncs, one of the most
Praesentinus. From the same sources it appears distinguished warriors of liis time, when overpow-
that before 528, Basileides had been prefectus ered by the Vandals, refused the pardon that was
praetorio of the East, and invested with the dig- promised him, and with his heavy armour leaped
nity of patricius, and that in 529 he was PP. of overboard, and drowned himself in the sca. One
Illyricum.
[J. T. G. ) half of the Roman ships was burnt, sunk, or
BASILI'NA, the mother of Julian the apostate, taken, the other half followed the fugitive Basilis-
being the second wife of Julius Constantius, brocus. The whole expedition had failed. After his
ther of Constantine the Great. She is believed to arrival at Constantinople, Basiliscus hid himself in
have been the daughter of Anicius Julianus, consul | the church of St. Sophia, in order to escape the
in A. D. 322, and afterwards prefect of the city. wrath of the people and the revenge of the emperor,
Her marriage took place at Constantinople, and she but he obtained his pardon by the mediation of
died in 331, a few months after the birth of her Verina, and he was punished merely with banish-
only son. From this princess the city of Basilino ment to Heraclea in Thrace.
polis in Bithynia received its name. (Ammian. Basiliscus is generally represented as a gond ge-
Marcellin. xxv. 3; Liban. Orat. xii. p. 262; Not. eccl. neral, though easily deceived by stratagems; and it
Hierocl. p.
