His
principal
works were : (History of
Hellenic Races and States) (2d ed.
Hellenic Races and States) (2d ed.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v26 to v30 - Tur to Zor and Index
((Works, 18 vols.
, Berlin, 1873-88.
)
Möser, Justus (mė'zăr). A noted German
publicist and historian; born at Osnabrück, Dec.
14, 1720; died there, Jan. 8, 1794. He held very
important government posts. Modern Ger-
man historiography may be said to date from
him; his theory being that history should de-
scribe the development of peoples, laws, cus-
toms, and habits, instead of being a
chronicle of dynasties and wars. His most cel.
ebrated works were History of Osnabrück
(3d ed. 1819); and (Patriotic Reveries) (latest
ed. 1871), a work of national importance.
((Works, 10 vols. , Berlin, 1842-44. )
Mosheim, Johann Lorenz von (mös'him).
A distinguished German church historian and
theologian; born at Lübeck, Oct. 9, 1694; died
at Göttingen, Sept. 9, 1755. He was the first
to treat ecclesiastical history as a sequence of
secular causes and effects. He became pro-
fessor of history and chancellor of the uni-
versity at Göttingen in 1747. His great work
was his (Institutes of Ecclesiastical History)
(new ed. 1755). He published also other his-
torical writings, and was a noted pulpit orator.
His published sermons are contained in Sacred
Discourses) (4th ed. , 3 vols. , Hamburg, 1765).
Mota-Padilla, Matias de la (mõ'tä-pä-del'.
yä). A Mexican historian; born at Guadala.
jara, Oct. 6, 1688; died 1766. Ile was a lawyer,
and during the latter part of his life a priest.
He wrote among other things History of the
Conquest of New Galicia) (1870–71), a work
of much importance.
Motherwell, William. A Scottish poet and
antiquary ; born at Glasgow, Oct. 13, 1797 ;
died there, Nov. I, 1835. He was a journalist
and under-secretary of the sheriff of Paisley.
His principal works were: 'Minstrelsy, Ancient
and Modern (1827), and Poems, Narrative
and Lyrical) (1832; latest ed. 1881). *
Motley, John Lothrop. A distinguished
American historian and diplomatist; born at
Dorchester, Mas pril 15, 1814; died in Dor-
setshire, England, May 29, 1877. Originally a
(
## p. 394 (#410) ############################################
394
MOULTON – MULHALL
lawyer, he wrote two novels, became interested
in historical research, chose Dutch history for
his field, and spent years in Holland working
up the original sources. The chief fruits were :
(Rise of the Dutch Republic) (3 vols. , 1856);
(History of the United Netherlands) (4 vols. ,
1860-68); Life of John of Barneveld' (1874).
He was United States minister to Austria 1861-
67, and to Great Britain 1869-70. After 1868 he
resided in England. *
Moulton, Louise (Chandler). An Ameri-
can poet and prose-writer; born in Pomfret,
Conn. , April 5, 1835. She is one of the prom-
inent literary women of Boston, and the author
of many books, in which are included : (This,
That, and the Other) (1854), stories, essays,
and poems; Bedtime Stories for Children
(1873); (Swallow-Flights, and Other Poems)
(1878); (Ourselves and Our Neighbors) (1887);
"Some Women's Hearts) (1888); and (In the
Garden of Dreams, Lyrics, and Sonnets) (1890).
Moultrie, John. An English poet; born in
London, Dec. 30, 1799 ; died at Rugby, Dec.
26, 1874. He was rector of Rugby in 1828. He
published: My Brother's Grave and Other
Poems) (4th ed. 1854); (The Dream of Life
and Other Poems) (last ed. 1854); a volume of
(Sermons) (1852); etc.
Mountcastle, Clara H. [«Caris Sima. ”] A
Canadian poet and story-writer ; born at Clin-
ton, Ont. Nov. 26, 1837. She taught drawing
and painting 1871-84. She has written : (The
Mission of Love, and Other Poems) (1882);
(Lost, and Other Poems) (1882), “A Mystery)
(1886), verse; and the novel “Crow's Hollow. )
Mountford, William. An American miscel-
laneous prose-writer; born in Kidderminster,
England, May 31, 1816; came to the United
States in 1849; died in Boston, April 20, 1885.
Among his publications are: Martyria, a
Legend) (1846); (Euthanasy; or Happy Talks
toward the End of Life) (1850); “Beauties of
Channing); (Miracles, Past and Present' (1870).
Mowatt, Mrs. See Ritchie.
Mudford, William. An English journalist
and miscellaneous writer; born in London, Jan.
8, 1782; died there, March 10, 1848. He was
for many years editor of the London Courier,
afterward of the Kentish Observer. Among his
works were (Nubilia in Search of a Husband)
(4th ed. 1809); (The Contemplatist! (1811),
essays on morals and literature; (Life and
Adventures of Paul Plaintive) (1811), a novel;
(The Premier) (1831), a novel; (Tales and
Trifles from Blackwood's) (1849), containing the
well-known story (The Iron Shroud, his best
work; etc.
Mügge, Theodor (mig ge). A German nov-
elist and writer of travels; born at Berlin,
Nov. 8, 1806; died there, Feb. 18, 1861. For
some years he was a journalist. Among his
best-known works were the novels (The Cay-
alier) (1835), «Toussaint' (1840), Life and
Love in Norway) (1858), “The Prophet) (1860),
etc. ; and the volumes of travel (Sketches from
the North (1844), Northern Picture-Book)
(3d ed. 1862), etc. (Complete novels, 33 vols. ,
Berlin, 1862-67).
Mühlbach, Luise (mül'bäch), pseudonym of
Madame Klara Müller Mundt. A German
novelist, wife of Theodor Mundt; born at Neu-
brandenburg, Jan. 2, 1814; died at Berlin, Sept.
26, 1873. She wrote a number of popular his.
torical novels, including Queen Hortense (5th
ed. 1861); “Emperor Joseph II. and his Court)
(9th ed. 1866); Marie Antoinette and her Son
(1867); (Emperor Alexander and his Court)
(1868); Mohammed Ali and his House) (1871);
(Frederick the Great and his Court) (8th ed.
1882). She was a prolific writer.
Muhlenberg, William Augustus. An Amer-
ican Episcopal clergyman and miscellaneous
writer; born in Philadelphia, Sept. 16, 1796;
died in New York, April 8, 1877. From 1846
to 1877 he was rector of the Church of the
Holy Communion, New York. His time was
largely given to educational work and the
amelioration of the condition of the poor.
Among his writings are : (St. Johnland : Ideal
and Actual (1867); (Christ and the Bible)
(1869); and I Would Not Live Alway,' the
story of the hymn (1871).
Muir, John. An American naturalist and
explorer; born at Dunbar, Scotland, 1836. He
discovered Glacier Bay and the Muir Glacier
in Alaska in 1879. Besides contributing a
number of illustrated papers to magazines, and
editing Picturesque California, he has pub.
lished «The Mountains of California' (1894), a
valuable and very charming work. *
Muir, Sir William. A Scottish Orientalist,
brother of John; born at Glasgow, 1819. En-
tering the Bengal civil service at 18, he was
lieutenant-governor of the Northwest Prov.
inces, 1868–74; minister of finance for India,
1874-76; principal of the University of Edin-
burgh, 1885. He has written: Life of Ma.
homet and History of Islam (1883); (The
Caliphate : Its Rise, Decline, and Fall' (2d ed.
1892); etc.
Mulford, Elisha. An American Episcopal
clergyman and philosophical writer; born at
Montrose, Pa. , Nov. 19, 1833; died at Cam-
bridge, Mass. , Dec. 9, 1885. He wrote (The
Nation) (new ed. 1876) and (The Republic of
God) (1881), two works of great elevation of
thought and expression. *
Mulford, Prentice. An American journalist
and miscellaneous writer; born on Long Island
in 1834; died in 1891. He was settled in New
York, and afterwards in San Francisco. He
wrote: “The Swamp Angel); Life by Land
and Sea); (Your Forces, and How to Use
Them' (2 vols. , 1888).
Mulhall, Michael G. A British statistician;
born at Dublin, 1836. Having removed to
South America, he founded the Buenos Ayres
Standard (1861), the first English daily paper
printed in South America. He has published:
## p. 395 (#411) ############################################
MULLANY - MÜLLER
395
ܝ
:
(Handbook of the River Plata) (5th ed. 1885),
translated into Spanish; Progress of the
World) (1880); Dictionary of Statistics) (new
ed. 1892); etc. His wife, Mrs. Marion Mulhall,
has published “Between the Amazon and the
Andes) (1883), a book of travel.
Mullany, Patrick Francis. [“ Brother Aza-
rias. ”] An Irish-American priest, educator, and
literary critic; born in Killemain, Ireland, June
29, 1847; emigrated to the United States in
childhood; died at Plattsburg, N. Y. , Aug. 20,
1893. He joined the order of the Brothers of
the Christian Schools. He became in 1866 pro-
fessor of mathematics and English literature
at Rock Hill College, Ellicott City, Md. , and
in 1878 president, remaining such until 1889,
after which he lived in New York and its
neighborhood until his death. As a lecturer
on literary, philosophic, and pedagogic themes,
he was eloquent and influential ; his papers on
Dante and Aristotle were read at the Concord
School of Philosophy, and he was a frequent
speaker in different parts of the country. He
was also a steady contributor to the periodicals;
his essays, afterwards gathered into book form,
embodying the results of wise thought and ripe
culture, and possessing a fine literary quality.
His critical attitude was that of the Christian
scholar making a constant appeal to the ideals
of the great past, and judging the present
thereby. His printed works are : (The Devel-
opment of English Literature); (Old English
Period); Philosophy of Literature); Psy-
chological Aspects of Education); (Address
on Thinking); Aristotle and the Christian
Church); Culture of the Spiritual Sense);
(Phases of Thought and Criticism. '
Müller, Friedrich (mül'ler). [Called Painter
Müller. ) A German painter, engraver, poet, and
dramatist; born at Kreuznach, Jan. 13, 1749;
died at Rome, April 23, 1825. As a poet he
belonged to the storm and stress » school.
Among his works may be mentioned: (Bac-
chido and Milo' ( 1775 ); (The Satyr Mop-
sus) (1775); (Adam's First Awaking and First
Happy Nights) (1778); the dramas (Genoveva)
(1808); Life of Faust) (latest ed. 1881); the
opera Niobe (1778); etc. (Works,' new ed. ,
Heidelberg, 1825. )
Müller, Friedrich Max. [Universally known
in England and America as (Max Müller. ”]
A celebrated German-English Sanskrit scholar
and comparative philologist, son of Wilhelm
Müller the poet; born at Dessau, Dec. 6,
1823. Removing to England (1846), he be-
came professor of modern languages and lit.
erature (1854), and professor of comparative
philology (1868–75), at Oxford. He has edited
and translated the Hitopadeça) (1844), and
edited the Rig Veda! (6 vols. , 1849-74), etc.
He has written : (History of Ancient Sanskrit
Literature) (2d ed. 1860); (Science of Lan-
guage) (latest ed. 1891); "Chips from a Ger-
man Workshop' (latest ed. 1895); (Science of
Reli n) (1870); (Essays on Language, My-
thology, and Religion (1881); (Science of
Thought) (1887); the novel (German Love):
and is the editor of the series (Sacred Books
of the East,' now being issued by the Claren-
don Press at Oxford, of which some sixty vol-
umes are now ready, and which constitutes the
most important translated collection of Oriental
literature. *
Müller, Johannes von. A celebrated Swiss
historian; born at Schaffhausen, Jan. 3, 1752 ;
died at Cassel, Prussia, May 29, 1809. He held
a number of positions in the service of Mainz,
Austria, and Prussia, and when he died was
director-general of education in the kingdom
of Westphalia. His principal works were : (His-
tory of the Swiss) (new ed. , 5 vols. , 1786-1808),
and (24 Books of Universal History) (3 vols. ,
1811; new ed. 1852).
Müller, Karl. A German romance-writer;
born at Stuttgart, Feb. 8, 1819; died there, Nov.
28, 1889. He was editor of several periodicals.
He wrote: (Life's Changes, by Franz von El.
ling' (1854); (New Mysteries of Paris) (1863);
New Mysteries of London (1865-67); (The
White Woman' (1868–73); (The Turks before
Vienna) (1870); (At the Court of the Northern
Semiramis) (1873); etc. Among his pseudo-
nyms were “Otfried Mylius,) (Rod. Nellen-
burg," etc.
Müller, Karl Otfried. A distinguished Ger-
man Hellenist and archæologist; born at Brieg,
Aug. 28, 1797 ; died at Athens, Aug. 1, 1840. He
was professor of archæology at Göttingen in
1819.
His principal works were : (History of
Hellenic Races and States) (2d ed. 1844); (The
Etruscans) (2d ed. 1877-78); Introduction to a
Scientific Mythology) (1825); (Handbook of the
Archæology of Art) (latest ed. 1878); (Monu-
ments of Ancient Art) (3d ed. 1876–81); (History
of Greek Literature (4th ed. 1882–84); maps of
ancient Greece ; etc.
Müller, Otto. A German novelist; born at
Schotten, Hesse, June 1, 1816; died at Stuttgart,
Aug. 7, 1894. He edited several periodicals.
Among his works were the popular (Burgher)
(3d ed. 1870); (Charlotte Ackermann (1854),
which he dramatized ; (The Mayor of Frank-
fort) (3d ed. 1878); (The Convent Court) (2d
ed. 1862); (Roderich' (2d ed. 1862); (Tales)
(2d ed. 1870); etc.
Müller, Wilhelm. A German lyric poet;
born at Dessau, Oct. 7, 1794; died there, Sept.
30, 1827. His life was that of a teacher and a
librarian. He wrote in verse Poems from the
Posthumous Papers of a Traveling Bugler
(1821-24; 2d ed. 1826), (Songs of the Greeks)
(new ed. 1844), Romaic National Songs
(1825), Lyrical Journeys and Epigrammatic
Walks) (1827), etc. ; the novel (The Thirteenth
(1827); the critical essay (Introduction to Ho.
mer) (2d ed. 1836); the book of travel (Rome,
and Rome's Men and Women) (1820); etc.
A number of his songs became very popular;
some were set to music by Schubert and oth-
ers. (Miscellaneous writings, with biography,
5 vols. , Leipzig, 1830. Poetical works,
Berlin, 1874. ) *
)
ew ed.
## p. 396 (#412) ############################################
396
MULLER - MUNDT
((
Müller, Wilhelm. A German historian;
born at Giengen, Würtemberg, Dec. 2, 1820;
died near Ravensburg, Feb. 7, 1892. He was
professor in the gymnasium at Tübingen in
1863. He wrote: (Guide for Instruction in
History) (14th ed. 1890); (Political History of
the Present (annual, 1867-92); (Illustrated
History of the Franco-Prussian War! (1873);
(Historical Women' (2d ed. 1882); “Emperor
William (4th ed. 1880); 'Count Moltke (3d ed.
1889); Prince Bismarck) (3d ed. 1890); (Em-
peror Frederick (1888);(Political History of the
Most Recent Times, 1876-90) (4th ed. 1890); etc.
Müller, Wolfgang, called von Königswinter
(fon kė'nigs-vin-ter). A German lyric and epic
poet and novelist; born at Königswinter, Prus-
sia, March 15, 1816; died at Neuenahr, Prussia,
June 29, 1873. Originally a physician (1842),
he was Member of the Frankfort Parliament
in 1848, but abandoned both medicine and
politics for literature. Among his works were:
Poems) (3d ed. 1868); "Legends of the Rhine
in Ballad Form? (4th ed. 1873); (The May
Queen' (1852), a charming village tale in verse;
Prince Minnewin' (2d ed. 1856); Heinrich
Heine's Journey to Hell (1856), published anon-
ymously; (Aschenbrödel (Cinderella : 1863), an
epic poem; the comedy (She has Uncovered
her Heart); and in the department of art his-
tory (Düsseldorf Artists) (1854) and Munich
Sketch Book) (1856). A selection of many of
his best poems, entitled (Verses of a Rhine
Poet,' appeared in 6 vols. , Leipzig, 1871-76.
Mulock, Dinah Maria. See Craik, Mrs.
Munby, Arthur Joseph. An English poet;
born in the wapentake of Bulmer, Yorkshire,
1828. His themes are largely pastoral idylls.
He has written : Verses Old and New) (1865);
Dorothy) (1880), which was well received ;
(Vestigia Retrorsum (Steps Backward : 1891);
(Vulgar Verses, by Jones Brown (1891), mostly
in dialect; (Susan) (1893).
Munch, Andreas (mönėh). A Norwegian
poet and dramatist; born at Christiania, Oct.
19, 1811; died near Copenhagen, June 27, 1884.
Originally a student of law, he was an edi-
tor (1841-46) and professor in the university
(1866) at Christiania. His chief works were
(Ephemera! (1836), his first effort; King
Sverre's Youth) (1837), a drama; (The Singer)
( 1838); (Poems Old and New) (1848); Pict-
ures from North and South) (1848), in prose ;
New Poems) (1850); (Grief and Consolation)
(1852), his most successful production; Lord
William Russell (3d ed. 1888), a tragedy ; (An
Evening at Giske) (1855), a historical drama.
(Works, Copenhagen, 5 vols. , 1887-90. )
Munch, Peder Andreas. A distinguished
Norwegian historian, antiquary, and philologist;
born at Christiania, Dec. 15, 1810; died at
Rome, May 23, 1863. He was professor of his-
tory in the university at Christiania in 1841.
His masterpiece was History of the Norwe-
gian People) (1851-64). (Works, published
by the State, 2d ed. Christiania, 1894. )
Münch-Bellinghausen, Eligius Franz Jo-
seph von, Baron (münch' bel'ling-hou'zen),
better known as “Friedrich Halm” (hälm).
An Austrian dramatist; born at Cracow, April
2, 1806; died at Vienna, May 22, 1871. He stud-
ied law, and held various official positions at
Vienna. He wrote: “Griseldis (10th ed. 1893),
which had great success; "The Adept) (1836);
(Camoens) ( 1837 ); "Imelda Lambertazzi!
(1838); (The Son of the Wilderness) (9th ed.
1894), well known in England and America
under the title (Ingomar); ( The Fencer of Ra-
venna' (5th ed. 1893), perhaps his best work;
(Wild Fire) (6th ed. 1894), a romantic com-
edy ; etc. (“Works,' 8 vols. , Vienna, 1856-64. )
Munchausen, Baron. See Münchhausen
and Raspe.
Münchhausen, Hieronymus Karl Friedrich
von, Baron (münch-hou'zen). A notorious
German braggart; born at Bodenwerder, Han.
over, 1720; died there, 1797. Having served
in the Russian cavalry against the Turks (1737-
39), the tales he told of his exploits gave him
the reputation of being the greatest liar in
Germany. ” Ostensibly written out in English
by Rudolph Eric Raspe, a German exile, “Baron
Munchausen's Narrative of his Marvelous Trav-
els and Campaigns in Russia) appeared at
(Oxford, 1785), and was translated into Ger-
man by Gottfried A. Bürger the poet (1786).
Since then it has often been reprinted. In real-
ity the stories are old “yarns” of various ages
collected from other books. See also Raspe.
Munday, Anthony. An English miscella-
neous writer of great versatility and note; bom
in London, 1553; died there, August 1633. He
wrote a large number of plays, generally in
collaboration with Chettle, Drayton, Wilson,
Dekker, Webster, and others : among them be-
ing (Richard Cour de Lion's Funeral" (1589);
"A Chance Medley) (1598); (The Rising of
Cardinal Wolsey) (1601); Death of Robert,
Earl of Huntington (1601); and (The Two
Harpes ) (1602). He was also a writer of bal-
lads of much note, which were licensed to be
sung in London. He wrote, translated, or
adapted numerous romances, including (Pal-
ladino of England) (1588) and the two first
books of (Amadis de Gaule) (between 1589
and 1595). His work «The English Romayne
Lyfe) (about 1582) excited the most comment:
it was ostensibly an account of his adventures
among English Catholic refugees in France
and Italy, and was anti-Catholic in tone. His
prodigious activity in literature and affairs
makes him one of the most notable characters
of his time.
Munday, John William. ["Charles Sumner
Seeley. ”] An American writer for boys; born
in Indiana, 1844. He is a lawyer at Chicago.
He has published (The Spanish Galleon';
(The Lost Canyon of the Toltecs. )
Mundt, Klara. See Mühlbach.
Mundt, Theodor. A German biographer,
writer of travels, critic, and novelist; born at
a
(
## p. 397 (#413) ############################################
MUNGER - MURNER
397
Potsdam, Sept. 19, 1808; died at Berlin, May
30, 1861. He belonged to the “Young Ger-
many school. He was professor of the his-
tory of literature at Breslau in 1848; professor
and librarian at the University of Berlin, 1850.
Among his biographical writings and travels,
which were his best, were monographs on
Prince Pückler, George Sand, Lamennais, and
others; (Walks and World Journeys) (1838–39);
(Italian Conditions) (1859-60 ). His critical
works include : (Art of German Prose) (2d ed.
1843); Universal History of Literature (2d ed.
1848); History of Contemporary Literature)
(2d ed. 1853); (The Pantheon of the Ancient
Peoples) (2d ed. 1854); (History of Society)
(2d ed. 1856). He wrote the novels (Thomas
Müntzer) (3d ed. 1860); (Mendoza, the Father
of Rogues) (1847); etc.
Munger, Theodore Thornton. An Ameri-
can Congregational clergyman; born in Bain-
bridge, N. Y. , March 5, 1830. He graduated
from Yale in 1851, and Yale Theological School
in 1855. Since 1885 he has been pastor of the
United Church, New Haven, Conn. He is a
Congregational leader in his State ; has been
active in municipal reform, and is well known
as a writer of ability and attractiveness on
ethical subjects, and an exponent of broad,
progressive theology. He published : 'On
the Threshold); (The Freedom of Faith);
"Lamps and Paths); and “The Appeal to Life.
Munkittrick, Richard Kendall. An Amer.
ican poet and humorous writer; born in Eng-
land, 1853. He is on the editorial staff of Puck,
New York. He has published: (The Moon
Prince, for children; (The Acrobatic Muse,' a
volume of humorous verse. He has also writ-
ten serious verse of fine fancy and delicate
workmanship.
Munroe, (Charles] Kirk. An American
writer for the young; born in Wisconsin, 1850.
His present home is in Florida. He has writ.
ten : The Flamingo Feather) (1887); 'Wakulla)
(1888); (Campmates); (Canoemates); Raft-
mates); "Rick Dale); Dorymates); (The
White Conquerors); (Big Cypress ); (At War
with Pontiac); etc. : also a Life of Mrs. Stowe)
(with her son).
Murat, Napoléon Achille (mü-rä'). A French-
American essayist and political writer; born in
France, 1801; died 1847. He was son of Joa-
chim Murat, king of Naples, and hence prince
of the Two Sicilies. Coming to this country
in 1821, he settled at Tallahassee, Fla. , where he
was mayor 1824, and postmaster 1826–28. He
wrote in French (Essays Moral and Political
on the United States of America'; 'Exposition
of the Principles of Republican Government
as Perfected in America, the latter running
through over fifty editions.
Muratori, Ludovico Antonio (mö-rä-to'ri).
An Italian historian; born at Vignola, Oct. 21,
1672; died Jan. 23, 1750. He was keeper of the
Ambrosian library at Milan (1694), and of the
Este library and ducal archives at Modena
(1700). He wrote: (Writers of Italian Affairs)
(25 vols. , 1723-51); Italian Antiquities of the
Middle Ages) (6 vols. , 1738-42); Annals of
Italy) (12 vols. , 1744-49); all of great value.
Muravieff, Andreiï (mö-rä've-eff). A Rus-
sian traveler and miscellaneous writer; born
1798; died 1874. His works enjoyed consider-
able popularity in Russia. They contained :
(Dante) (1841), a drama; (History of the Rus-
sian Church) (1845); (Souvenirs of Rome)
(1846); (Souvenirs of the East) (1851); (Im-
pressions of the Ukraine and Sebastopol (1859);
etc.
Murchison, Roderick Impey, Sir. A Scot-
tish geologist ; born at Tarradale (Ross), Feb.
19, 1792; died in London, Oct. 22, 1871. He was
one of the founders and often president of the
Royal Geographical Society; director-general
of the British Geological Survey (1855). He
published: (Geology of Russia and the Ural)
(1845); “Siluria) (1854); "Geological Atlas of
Europe) (1856); etc.
Murdoch, William. A Canadian poet; born
in Paisley, Scotland, Feb. 24, 1823; died in St.
John, N. B. , May 4, 1887. His publications in-
clude Poems and Songs) (2d ed. 1872); and
“Discursory Ruminations: a Fireside Drama,
with other pieces (1876).
Mure, William. A Scottish historian; born
near Caldwell, Ayrshire, July 9, 1799; died in
London, April 1, 1860. He was Member of
Parliament for Renfrew, 1846-55; and rector of
Glasgow University, 1847-48. He wrote (His-
tory of the Language and Literature of Ancient
Greece) (5 vols. , 1850-57), his main work, but
left unfinished; Journal of a Tour in Greece
and the Ionian Islands (1842); etc.
Murfree, Fanny Noailles Dickinson. An
American novelist, sister of Mary; born in
Tennessee, 185-. She has written the novel
(Felicia.
Murfree, Mary Noailles, better known as
“Charles Egbert Craddock. ) A noted Ameri-
can novelist; born at Murfreesboro, Tenn. , about
1850. She was a contributor to the Atlantic
Monthly before 1880. Among her best-known
books are: In the Tennessee Mountains)
(1884); (The Prophet of the Great Smoky
Mountains) (1885); (In the Clouds) (1886);
(The Story of Keedon Bluffs) (1887); etc.
Murger, Henri (mür-zhā'). A noted French
littérateur; born in Paris, March 24, 1822; died
near there, Jan. 28, 1861. He was at one time
secretary of Count Leo Tolstoy. He wrote:
(Scenes of Bohemian Life) (1848), his best-
known work, depicting existence in the Latin
Quarter of Paris; Claude and Marianne)
(1851); "Scenes of Youthful Life) (1851); (The
Last Appointment) (1852); (The Latin Coun-
try) (1852); (Adeline Protat' (1853); (The Wa.
Möser, Justus (mė'zăr). A noted German
publicist and historian; born at Osnabrück, Dec.
14, 1720; died there, Jan. 8, 1794. He held very
important government posts. Modern Ger-
man historiography may be said to date from
him; his theory being that history should de-
scribe the development of peoples, laws, cus-
toms, and habits, instead of being a
chronicle of dynasties and wars. His most cel.
ebrated works were History of Osnabrück
(3d ed. 1819); and (Patriotic Reveries) (latest
ed. 1871), a work of national importance.
((Works, 10 vols. , Berlin, 1842-44. )
Mosheim, Johann Lorenz von (mös'him).
A distinguished German church historian and
theologian; born at Lübeck, Oct. 9, 1694; died
at Göttingen, Sept. 9, 1755. He was the first
to treat ecclesiastical history as a sequence of
secular causes and effects. He became pro-
fessor of history and chancellor of the uni-
versity at Göttingen in 1747. His great work
was his (Institutes of Ecclesiastical History)
(new ed. 1755). He published also other his-
torical writings, and was a noted pulpit orator.
His published sermons are contained in Sacred
Discourses) (4th ed. , 3 vols. , Hamburg, 1765).
Mota-Padilla, Matias de la (mõ'tä-pä-del'.
yä). A Mexican historian; born at Guadala.
jara, Oct. 6, 1688; died 1766. Ile was a lawyer,
and during the latter part of his life a priest.
He wrote among other things History of the
Conquest of New Galicia) (1870–71), a work
of much importance.
Motherwell, William. A Scottish poet and
antiquary ; born at Glasgow, Oct. 13, 1797 ;
died there, Nov. I, 1835. He was a journalist
and under-secretary of the sheriff of Paisley.
His principal works were: 'Minstrelsy, Ancient
and Modern (1827), and Poems, Narrative
and Lyrical) (1832; latest ed. 1881). *
Motley, John Lothrop. A distinguished
American historian and diplomatist; born at
Dorchester, Mas pril 15, 1814; died in Dor-
setshire, England, May 29, 1877. Originally a
(
## p. 394 (#410) ############################################
394
MOULTON – MULHALL
lawyer, he wrote two novels, became interested
in historical research, chose Dutch history for
his field, and spent years in Holland working
up the original sources. The chief fruits were :
(Rise of the Dutch Republic) (3 vols. , 1856);
(History of the United Netherlands) (4 vols. ,
1860-68); Life of John of Barneveld' (1874).
He was United States minister to Austria 1861-
67, and to Great Britain 1869-70. After 1868 he
resided in England. *
Moulton, Louise (Chandler). An Ameri-
can poet and prose-writer; born in Pomfret,
Conn. , April 5, 1835. She is one of the prom-
inent literary women of Boston, and the author
of many books, in which are included : (This,
That, and the Other) (1854), stories, essays,
and poems; Bedtime Stories for Children
(1873); (Swallow-Flights, and Other Poems)
(1878); (Ourselves and Our Neighbors) (1887);
"Some Women's Hearts) (1888); and (In the
Garden of Dreams, Lyrics, and Sonnets) (1890).
Moultrie, John. An English poet; born in
London, Dec. 30, 1799 ; died at Rugby, Dec.
26, 1874. He was rector of Rugby in 1828. He
published: My Brother's Grave and Other
Poems) (4th ed. 1854); (The Dream of Life
and Other Poems) (last ed. 1854); a volume of
(Sermons) (1852); etc.
Mountcastle, Clara H. [«Caris Sima. ”] A
Canadian poet and story-writer ; born at Clin-
ton, Ont. Nov. 26, 1837. She taught drawing
and painting 1871-84. She has written : (The
Mission of Love, and Other Poems) (1882);
(Lost, and Other Poems) (1882), “A Mystery)
(1886), verse; and the novel “Crow's Hollow. )
Mountford, William. An American miscel-
laneous prose-writer; born in Kidderminster,
England, May 31, 1816; came to the United
States in 1849; died in Boston, April 20, 1885.
Among his publications are: Martyria, a
Legend) (1846); (Euthanasy; or Happy Talks
toward the End of Life) (1850); “Beauties of
Channing); (Miracles, Past and Present' (1870).
Mowatt, Mrs. See Ritchie.
Mudford, William. An English journalist
and miscellaneous writer; born in London, Jan.
8, 1782; died there, March 10, 1848. He was
for many years editor of the London Courier,
afterward of the Kentish Observer. Among his
works were (Nubilia in Search of a Husband)
(4th ed. 1809); (The Contemplatist! (1811),
essays on morals and literature; (Life and
Adventures of Paul Plaintive) (1811), a novel;
(The Premier) (1831), a novel; (Tales and
Trifles from Blackwood's) (1849), containing the
well-known story (The Iron Shroud, his best
work; etc.
Mügge, Theodor (mig ge). A German nov-
elist and writer of travels; born at Berlin,
Nov. 8, 1806; died there, Feb. 18, 1861. For
some years he was a journalist. Among his
best-known works were the novels (The Cay-
alier) (1835), «Toussaint' (1840), Life and
Love in Norway) (1858), “The Prophet) (1860),
etc. ; and the volumes of travel (Sketches from
the North (1844), Northern Picture-Book)
(3d ed. 1862), etc. (Complete novels, 33 vols. ,
Berlin, 1862-67).
Mühlbach, Luise (mül'bäch), pseudonym of
Madame Klara Müller Mundt. A German
novelist, wife of Theodor Mundt; born at Neu-
brandenburg, Jan. 2, 1814; died at Berlin, Sept.
26, 1873. She wrote a number of popular his.
torical novels, including Queen Hortense (5th
ed. 1861); “Emperor Joseph II. and his Court)
(9th ed. 1866); Marie Antoinette and her Son
(1867); (Emperor Alexander and his Court)
(1868); Mohammed Ali and his House) (1871);
(Frederick the Great and his Court) (8th ed.
1882). She was a prolific writer.
Muhlenberg, William Augustus. An Amer-
ican Episcopal clergyman and miscellaneous
writer; born in Philadelphia, Sept. 16, 1796;
died in New York, April 8, 1877. From 1846
to 1877 he was rector of the Church of the
Holy Communion, New York. His time was
largely given to educational work and the
amelioration of the condition of the poor.
Among his writings are : (St. Johnland : Ideal
and Actual (1867); (Christ and the Bible)
(1869); and I Would Not Live Alway,' the
story of the hymn (1871).
Muir, John. An American naturalist and
explorer; born at Dunbar, Scotland, 1836. He
discovered Glacier Bay and the Muir Glacier
in Alaska in 1879. Besides contributing a
number of illustrated papers to magazines, and
editing Picturesque California, he has pub.
lished «The Mountains of California' (1894), a
valuable and very charming work. *
Muir, Sir William. A Scottish Orientalist,
brother of John; born at Glasgow, 1819. En-
tering the Bengal civil service at 18, he was
lieutenant-governor of the Northwest Prov.
inces, 1868–74; minister of finance for India,
1874-76; principal of the University of Edin-
burgh, 1885. He has written: Life of Ma.
homet and History of Islam (1883); (The
Caliphate : Its Rise, Decline, and Fall' (2d ed.
1892); etc.
Mulford, Elisha. An American Episcopal
clergyman and philosophical writer; born at
Montrose, Pa. , Nov. 19, 1833; died at Cam-
bridge, Mass. , Dec. 9, 1885. He wrote (The
Nation) (new ed. 1876) and (The Republic of
God) (1881), two works of great elevation of
thought and expression. *
Mulford, Prentice. An American journalist
and miscellaneous writer; born on Long Island
in 1834; died in 1891. He was settled in New
York, and afterwards in San Francisco. He
wrote: “The Swamp Angel); Life by Land
and Sea); (Your Forces, and How to Use
Them' (2 vols. , 1888).
Mulhall, Michael G. A British statistician;
born at Dublin, 1836. Having removed to
South America, he founded the Buenos Ayres
Standard (1861), the first English daily paper
printed in South America. He has published:
## p. 395 (#411) ############################################
MULLANY - MÜLLER
395
ܝ
:
(Handbook of the River Plata) (5th ed. 1885),
translated into Spanish; Progress of the
World) (1880); Dictionary of Statistics) (new
ed. 1892); etc. His wife, Mrs. Marion Mulhall,
has published “Between the Amazon and the
Andes) (1883), a book of travel.
Mullany, Patrick Francis. [“ Brother Aza-
rias. ”] An Irish-American priest, educator, and
literary critic; born in Killemain, Ireland, June
29, 1847; emigrated to the United States in
childhood; died at Plattsburg, N. Y. , Aug. 20,
1893. He joined the order of the Brothers of
the Christian Schools. He became in 1866 pro-
fessor of mathematics and English literature
at Rock Hill College, Ellicott City, Md. , and
in 1878 president, remaining such until 1889,
after which he lived in New York and its
neighborhood until his death. As a lecturer
on literary, philosophic, and pedagogic themes,
he was eloquent and influential ; his papers on
Dante and Aristotle were read at the Concord
School of Philosophy, and he was a frequent
speaker in different parts of the country. He
was also a steady contributor to the periodicals;
his essays, afterwards gathered into book form,
embodying the results of wise thought and ripe
culture, and possessing a fine literary quality.
His critical attitude was that of the Christian
scholar making a constant appeal to the ideals
of the great past, and judging the present
thereby. His printed works are : (The Devel-
opment of English Literature); (Old English
Period); Philosophy of Literature); Psy-
chological Aspects of Education); (Address
on Thinking); Aristotle and the Christian
Church); Culture of the Spiritual Sense);
(Phases of Thought and Criticism. '
Müller, Friedrich (mül'ler). [Called Painter
Müller. ) A German painter, engraver, poet, and
dramatist; born at Kreuznach, Jan. 13, 1749;
died at Rome, April 23, 1825. As a poet he
belonged to the storm and stress » school.
Among his works may be mentioned: (Bac-
chido and Milo' ( 1775 ); (The Satyr Mop-
sus) (1775); (Adam's First Awaking and First
Happy Nights) (1778); the dramas (Genoveva)
(1808); Life of Faust) (latest ed. 1881); the
opera Niobe (1778); etc. (Works,' new ed. ,
Heidelberg, 1825. )
Müller, Friedrich Max. [Universally known
in England and America as (Max Müller. ”]
A celebrated German-English Sanskrit scholar
and comparative philologist, son of Wilhelm
Müller the poet; born at Dessau, Dec. 6,
1823. Removing to England (1846), he be-
came professor of modern languages and lit.
erature (1854), and professor of comparative
philology (1868–75), at Oxford. He has edited
and translated the Hitopadeça) (1844), and
edited the Rig Veda! (6 vols. , 1849-74), etc.
He has written : (History of Ancient Sanskrit
Literature) (2d ed. 1860); (Science of Lan-
guage) (latest ed. 1891); "Chips from a Ger-
man Workshop' (latest ed. 1895); (Science of
Reli n) (1870); (Essays on Language, My-
thology, and Religion (1881); (Science of
Thought) (1887); the novel (German Love):
and is the editor of the series (Sacred Books
of the East,' now being issued by the Claren-
don Press at Oxford, of which some sixty vol-
umes are now ready, and which constitutes the
most important translated collection of Oriental
literature. *
Müller, Johannes von. A celebrated Swiss
historian; born at Schaffhausen, Jan. 3, 1752 ;
died at Cassel, Prussia, May 29, 1809. He held
a number of positions in the service of Mainz,
Austria, and Prussia, and when he died was
director-general of education in the kingdom
of Westphalia. His principal works were : (His-
tory of the Swiss) (new ed. , 5 vols. , 1786-1808),
and (24 Books of Universal History) (3 vols. ,
1811; new ed. 1852).
Müller, Karl. A German romance-writer;
born at Stuttgart, Feb. 8, 1819; died there, Nov.
28, 1889. He was editor of several periodicals.
He wrote: (Life's Changes, by Franz von El.
ling' (1854); (New Mysteries of Paris) (1863);
New Mysteries of London (1865-67); (The
White Woman' (1868–73); (The Turks before
Vienna) (1870); (At the Court of the Northern
Semiramis) (1873); etc. Among his pseudo-
nyms were “Otfried Mylius,) (Rod. Nellen-
burg," etc.
Müller, Karl Otfried. A distinguished Ger-
man Hellenist and archæologist; born at Brieg,
Aug. 28, 1797 ; died at Athens, Aug. 1, 1840. He
was professor of archæology at Göttingen in
1819.
His principal works were : (History of
Hellenic Races and States) (2d ed. 1844); (The
Etruscans) (2d ed. 1877-78); Introduction to a
Scientific Mythology) (1825); (Handbook of the
Archæology of Art) (latest ed. 1878); (Monu-
ments of Ancient Art) (3d ed. 1876–81); (History
of Greek Literature (4th ed. 1882–84); maps of
ancient Greece ; etc.
Müller, Otto. A German novelist; born at
Schotten, Hesse, June 1, 1816; died at Stuttgart,
Aug. 7, 1894. He edited several periodicals.
Among his works were the popular (Burgher)
(3d ed. 1870); (Charlotte Ackermann (1854),
which he dramatized ; (The Mayor of Frank-
fort) (3d ed. 1878); (The Convent Court) (2d
ed. 1862); (Roderich' (2d ed. 1862); (Tales)
(2d ed. 1870); etc.
Müller, Wilhelm. A German lyric poet;
born at Dessau, Oct. 7, 1794; died there, Sept.
30, 1827. His life was that of a teacher and a
librarian. He wrote in verse Poems from the
Posthumous Papers of a Traveling Bugler
(1821-24; 2d ed. 1826), (Songs of the Greeks)
(new ed. 1844), Romaic National Songs
(1825), Lyrical Journeys and Epigrammatic
Walks) (1827), etc. ; the novel (The Thirteenth
(1827); the critical essay (Introduction to Ho.
mer) (2d ed. 1836); the book of travel (Rome,
and Rome's Men and Women) (1820); etc.
A number of his songs became very popular;
some were set to music by Schubert and oth-
ers. (Miscellaneous writings, with biography,
5 vols. , Leipzig, 1830. Poetical works,
Berlin, 1874. ) *
)
ew ed.
## p. 396 (#412) ############################################
396
MULLER - MUNDT
((
Müller, Wilhelm. A German historian;
born at Giengen, Würtemberg, Dec. 2, 1820;
died near Ravensburg, Feb. 7, 1892. He was
professor in the gymnasium at Tübingen in
1863. He wrote: (Guide for Instruction in
History) (14th ed. 1890); (Political History of
the Present (annual, 1867-92); (Illustrated
History of the Franco-Prussian War! (1873);
(Historical Women' (2d ed. 1882); “Emperor
William (4th ed. 1880); 'Count Moltke (3d ed.
1889); Prince Bismarck) (3d ed. 1890); (Em-
peror Frederick (1888);(Political History of the
Most Recent Times, 1876-90) (4th ed. 1890); etc.
Müller, Wolfgang, called von Königswinter
(fon kė'nigs-vin-ter). A German lyric and epic
poet and novelist; born at Königswinter, Prus-
sia, March 15, 1816; died at Neuenahr, Prussia,
June 29, 1873. Originally a physician (1842),
he was Member of the Frankfort Parliament
in 1848, but abandoned both medicine and
politics for literature. Among his works were:
Poems) (3d ed. 1868); "Legends of the Rhine
in Ballad Form? (4th ed. 1873); (The May
Queen' (1852), a charming village tale in verse;
Prince Minnewin' (2d ed. 1856); Heinrich
Heine's Journey to Hell (1856), published anon-
ymously; (Aschenbrödel (Cinderella : 1863), an
epic poem; the comedy (She has Uncovered
her Heart); and in the department of art his-
tory (Düsseldorf Artists) (1854) and Munich
Sketch Book) (1856). A selection of many of
his best poems, entitled (Verses of a Rhine
Poet,' appeared in 6 vols. , Leipzig, 1871-76.
Mulock, Dinah Maria. See Craik, Mrs.
Munby, Arthur Joseph. An English poet;
born in the wapentake of Bulmer, Yorkshire,
1828. His themes are largely pastoral idylls.
He has written : Verses Old and New) (1865);
Dorothy) (1880), which was well received ;
(Vestigia Retrorsum (Steps Backward : 1891);
(Vulgar Verses, by Jones Brown (1891), mostly
in dialect; (Susan) (1893).
Munch, Andreas (mönėh). A Norwegian
poet and dramatist; born at Christiania, Oct.
19, 1811; died near Copenhagen, June 27, 1884.
Originally a student of law, he was an edi-
tor (1841-46) and professor in the university
(1866) at Christiania. His chief works were
(Ephemera! (1836), his first effort; King
Sverre's Youth) (1837), a drama; (The Singer)
( 1838); (Poems Old and New) (1848); Pict-
ures from North and South) (1848), in prose ;
New Poems) (1850); (Grief and Consolation)
(1852), his most successful production; Lord
William Russell (3d ed. 1888), a tragedy ; (An
Evening at Giske) (1855), a historical drama.
(Works, Copenhagen, 5 vols. , 1887-90. )
Munch, Peder Andreas. A distinguished
Norwegian historian, antiquary, and philologist;
born at Christiania, Dec. 15, 1810; died at
Rome, May 23, 1863. He was professor of his-
tory in the university at Christiania in 1841.
His masterpiece was History of the Norwe-
gian People) (1851-64). (Works, published
by the State, 2d ed. Christiania, 1894. )
Münch-Bellinghausen, Eligius Franz Jo-
seph von, Baron (münch' bel'ling-hou'zen),
better known as “Friedrich Halm” (hälm).
An Austrian dramatist; born at Cracow, April
2, 1806; died at Vienna, May 22, 1871. He stud-
ied law, and held various official positions at
Vienna. He wrote: “Griseldis (10th ed. 1893),
which had great success; "The Adept) (1836);
(Camoens) ( 1837 ); "Imelda Lambertazzi!
(1838); (The Son of the Wilderness) (9th ed.
1894), well known in England and America
under the title (Ingomar); ( The Fencer of Ra-
venna' (5th ed. 1893), perhaps his best work;
(Wild Fire) (6th ed. 1894), a romantic com-
edy ; etc. (“Works,' 8 vols. , Vienna, 1856-64. )
Munchausen, Baron. See Münchhausen
and Raspe.
Münchhausen, Hieronymus Karl Friedrich
von, Baron (münch-hou'zen). A notorious
German braggart; born at Bodenwerder, Han.
over, 1720; died there, 1797. Having served
in the Russian cavalry against the Turks (1737-
39), the tales he told of his exploits gave him
the reputation of being the greatest liar in
Germany. ” Ostensibly written out in English
by Rudolph Eric Raspe, a German exile, “Baron
Munchausen's Narrative of his Marvelous Trav-
els and Campaigns in Russia) appeared at
(Oxford, 1785), and was translated into Ger-
man by Gottfried A. Bürger the poet (1786).
Since then it has often been reprinted. In real-
ity the stories are old “yarns” of various ages
collected from other books. See also Raspe.
Munday, Anthony. An English miscella-
neous writer of great versatility and note; bom
in London, 1553; died there, August 1633. He
wrote a large number of plays, generally in
collaboration with Chettle, Drayton, Wilson,
Dekker, Webster, and others : among them be-
ing (Richard Cour de Lion's Funeral" (1589);
"A Chance Medley) (1598); (The Rising of
Cardinal Wolsey) (1601); Death of Robert,
Earl of Huntington (1601); and (The Two
Harpes ) (1602). He was also a writer of bal-
lads of much note, which were licensed to be
sung in London. He wrote, translated, or
adapted numerous romances, including (Pal-
ladino of England) (1588) and the two first
books of (Amadis de Gaule) (between 1589
and 1595). His work «The English Romayne
Lyfe) (about 1582) excited the most comment:
it was ostensibly an account of his adventures
among English Catholic refugees in France
and Italy, and was anti-Catholic in tone. His
prodigious activity in literature and affairs
makes him one of the most notable characters
of his time.
Munday, John William. ["Charles Sumner
Seeley. ”] An American writer for boys; born
in Indiana, 1844. He is a lawyer at Chicago.
He has published (The Spanish Galleon';
(The Lost Canyon of the Toltecs. )
Mundt, Klara. See Mühlbach.
Mundt, Theodor. A German biographer,
writer of travels, critic, and novelist; born at
a
(
## p. 397 (#413) ############################################
MUNGER - MURNER
397
Potsdam, Sept. 19, 1808; died at Berlin, May
30, 1861. He belonged to the “Young Ger-
many school. He was professor of the his-
tory of literature at Breslau in 1848; professor
and librarian at the University of Berlin, 1850.
Among his biographical writings and travels,
which were his best, were monographs on
Prince Pückler, George Sand, Lamennais, and
others; (Walks and World Journeys) (1838–39);
(Italian Conditions) (1859-60 ). His critical
works include : (Art of German Prose) (2d ed.
1843); Universal History of Literature (2d ed.
1848); History of Contemporary Literature)
(2d ed. 1853); (The Pantheon of the Ancient
Peoples) (2d ed. 1854); (History of Society)
(2d ed. 1856). He wrote the novels (Thomas
Müntzer) (3d ed. 1860); (Mendoza, the Father
of Rogues) (1847); etc.
Munger, Theodore Thornton. An Ameri-
can Congregational clergyman; born in Bain-
bridge, N. Y. , March 5, 1830. He graduated
from Yale in 1851, and Yale Theological School
in 1855. Since 1885 he has been pastor of the
United Church, New Haven, Conn. He is a
Congregational leader in his State ; has been
active in municipal reform, and is well known
as a writer of ability and attractiveness on
ethical subjects, and an exponent of broad,
progressive theology. He published : 'On
the Threshold); (The Freedom of Faith);
"Lamps and Paths); and “The Appeal to Life.
Munkittrick, Richard Kendall. An Amer.
ican poet and humorous writer; born in Eng-
land, 1853. He is on the editorial staff of Puck,
New York. He has published: (The Moon
Prince, for children; (The Acrobatic Muse,' a
volume of humorous verse. He has also writ-
ten serious verse of fine fancy and delicate
workmanship.
Munroe, (Charles] Kirk. An American
writer for the young; born in Wisconsin, 1850.
His present home is in Florida. He has writ.
ten : The Flamingo Feather) (1887); 'Wakulla)
(1888); (Campmates); (Canoemates); Raft-
mates); "Rick Dale); Dorymates); (The
White Conquerors); (Big Cypress ); (At War
with Pontiac); etc. : also a Life of Mrs. Stowe)
(with her son).
Murat, Napoléon Achille (mü-rä'). A French-
American essayist and political writer; born in
France, 1801; died 1847. He was son of Joa-
chim Murat, king of Naples, and hence prince
of the Two Sicilies. Coming to this country
in 1821, he settled at Tallahassee, Fla. , where he
was mayor 1824, and postmaster 1826–28. He
wrote in French (Essays Moral and Political
on the United States of America'; 'Exposition
of the Principles of Republican Government
as Perfected in America, the latter running
through over fifty editions.
Muratori, Ludovico Antonio (mö-rä-to'ri).
An Italian historian; born at Vignola, Oct. 21,
1672; died Jan. 23, 1750. He was keeper of the
Ambrosian library at Milan (1694), and of the
Este library and ducal archives at Modena
(1700). He wrote: (Writers of Italian Affairs)
(25 vols. , 1723-51); Italian Antiquities of the
Middle Ages) (6 vols. , 1738-42); Annals of
Italy) (12 vols. , 1744-49); all of great value.
Muravieff, Andreiï (mö-rä've-eff). A Rus-
sian traveler and miscellaneous writer; born
1798; died 1874. His works enjoyed consider-
able popularity in Russia. They contained :
(Dante) (1841), a drama; (History of the Rus-
sian Church) (1845); (Souvenirs of Rome)
(1846); (Souvenirs of the East) (1851); (Im-
pressions of the Ukraine and Sebastopol (1859);
etc.
Murchison, Roderick Impey, Sir. A Scot-
tish geologist ; born at Tarradale (Ross), Feb.
19, 1792; died in London, Oct. 22, 1871. He was
one of the founders and often president of the
Royal Geographical Society; director-general
of the British Geological Survey (1855). He
published: (Geology of Russia and the Ural)
(1845); “Siluria) (1854); "Geological Atlas of
Europe) (1856); etc.
Murdoch, William. A Canadian poet; born
in Paisley, Scotland, Feb. 24, 1823; died in St.
John, N. B. , May 4, 1887. His publications in-
clude Poems and Songs) (2d ed. 1872); and
“Discursory Ruminations: a Fireside Drama,
with other pieces (1876).
Mure, William. A Scottish historian; born
near Caldwell, Ayrshire, July 9, 1799; died in
London, April 1, 1860. He was Member of
Parliament for Renfrew, 1846-55; and rector of
Glasgow University, 1847-48. He wrote (His-
tory of the Language and Literature of Ancient
Greece) (5 vols. , 1850-57), his main work, but
left unfinished; Journal of a Tour in Greece
and the Ionian Islands (1842); etc.
Murfree, Fanny Noailles Dickinson. An
American novelist, sister of Mary; born in
Tennessee, 185-. She has written the novel
(Felicia.
Murfree, Mary Noailles, better known as
“Charles Egbert Craddock. ) A noted Ameri-
can novelist; born at Murfreesboro, Tenn. , about
1850. She was a contributor to the Atlantic
Monthly before 1880. Among her best-known
books are: In the Tennessee Mountains)
(1884); (The Prophet of the Great Smoky
Mountains) (1885); (In the Clouds) (1886);
(The Story of Keedon Bluffs) (1887); etc.
Murger, Henri (mür-zhā'). A noted French
littérateur; born in Paris, March 24, 1822; died
near there, Jan. 28, 1861. He was at one time
secretary of Count Leo Tolstoy. He wrote:
(Scenes of Bohemian Life) (1848), his best-
known work, depicting existence in the Latin
Quarter of Paris; Claude and Marianne)
(1851); "Scenes of Youthful Life) (1851); (The
Last Appointment) (1852); (The Latin Coun-
try) (1852); (Adeline Protat' (1853); (The Wa.
