history, one might
conclude
that he witnessed the 77 ; Curt.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
ii.
p.
549—648, vol.
iii.
p.
340-343. )
400, ed. Fabrot. ) he appears to cite the text of the
Joannes published a collection of canons in 50 Basilica ; and Assemani (Bibl. Jur. Orient. vol. ii.
titles. Assemani (vol. i. p. 114) thinks that it p. 415) believes him to have lived about A. D.
was published and prescribed by him as a rule to 1100, under Alexius Comnenus; while Suarez
the bishops of the patriarchate, after he was made (Notit. Basil. § 42) confounds him with Jonnnes
patriarch. In the preface to the work, however, Antiochenus. In his Scholia appended to the
he himself assumes no higher rank than presbyter. Basilica, he interprets passages in the Digest,
This collection is entitled Luvaywy kavovwr the Code, and the Novells. (Schol. Basil, vol. ij.
els Titmous simpnuévn, and is founded on the pp. 544, 558, 559, 587, vol. iii. pp. 360, 390, vol.
basis of a previous collection, which is attributed iv. pp. 658, 662. ) Constantinus Nicaeus (who, in
by some manuscripts to Stephanus Ephesius. It Basil. vol. iii. p. 208, calls himself a disciple of
consists chiefly of decrees of early councils, and Stephanus) cites Joannes Nomophylax, with whom
letters of St. Basil. The Euvayamh of Joannes he disagrees. (Basil. vol. ii. p. 549. ) Joannes is
(which was one of the earliest compilations of the coupled with Dorotheus in Basil. vol. v. p. 410.
kind) enjoyed for some centuries great credit in In Basil. vol. iii. p. 360, and vol. ii. p. 587, we
the Oriental church, received from time to time cor- find him citing Athanasius and Theodorus Herma
rections and additions, and was translated into polita. From these indications, we believe him to
several foreign languages. Assemani (vol. i. p. 60) have lived not long after the reign of Justinian,
cites the Syrian translation: Biener (de Collectio- and would explain his apparent citations of the
nibus Canonum, p. 49) treats of the Sclavonic Basilica by supposing that his original citations of
translation ; and Beveridge (Synodicon, p. 211) the Digest were subsequently adapted to the Basi-
mentions an Egyptian collection of Abnalcassabi in lica-a charge which was frequently made, and
51 titles, resembling that of Joannes. The Euv- which has occasioned much chronological difficulty.
aywyń of Joannes is printed in Voelli et Justelli Many of the jurists, whose fragments appear ap-
Bibliotheca Jur. Canon, vol. ij. 499-602. pended to the Basilica, have, for this reason, been
A collection of 87 chapters, intended as a sup- referred to too late an age. Thus, every circum-
plement to the former Euvaywri, was published stance tends to show that Constantinus Nicaeus
(if we may credit the title to the work) by Joannes, who cites Joannes, lived before the compilation of
after he was in possession of the metropolitan the Basilica, if we except his supposed citations of
throne, and after the death of Justinian. It was the Basilica, and of the otoixelov of Garidas.
published, therefore, between A. D. 565 and 578. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. xii. p. 447; Reiz. ad
As the former collection contained the rules of Theophilum, p. 1236; Pohl, ad Swares. Notit.
purely ecclesiastical origin (kavoves), the present Basil. p. 138. n. B; Heimbach, de Orig. Basil.
was intended to comprehend the enactments of the p. 87. )
(J. T. G. )
civil law (vóuoi) relating to the affairs of the church, JOANNES ALEXANDRI'NUS, a physician
and was compiled from the Novells of Justinian. of Alexandria, who may be supposed to have lived in
Joannes makes abridged extracts from Novells the seventh or eighth century after Christ, and under
3, 5, 6, 32, 46, 56, 57, 83, 120, 123, 131, usually whose name are extant some commentaries on two
employing the words of the original text.
works of the Hippocratic Collection. That on the
These 87 chapters have in several catalogues of sixth book De Morbis Popularibus is said to have been
manuscripts been wrongly attributed to Balsamo. | translated from Greek into Arabic, and from thence
Some notices of their contents, and some extracts into Latin, in which language it is to be found, to
from them, were given by Assemani (Bibl. Jur. gether with Honain Ibn Ishak (commonly called
Orient. vol. ii. p. 451—459): and Biener has by his Latinised name, Joannitius), and other
treated of them with his usual sagacity and learn- authors, in the edition of the collection called Ar-
ing. (Geschichte der Novellen, p. 167-173, p. 584 ticella, printed at Venice, 1483, fol. , and in other
-597. ) They were first printed at length by editions. His cominentary on the De Natura Pu-
Heimbach in 1840. (Anecdota, vol. ii. )
eri, which is imperfect, was first published in Greek
A Nomocanon (combination of raváves and vóuoi) in the second vol. of Dietz's Schol. in Hippocr. et
in 50 titles, with a supplement of 21 chapters, was Gal. Regim. Pruss. 8vo. 1834. (See Fabric. Bibl.
subsequently compiled from the two works of Gr. vol. xii. pp. 687-88, ed. vet. ) [W. A. G. ]
Joannes. This compilation (printed in Voel. et IOBATES. [BELLEROPHON. )
Justell. Bibl. Jur. Canon. vol. ii. p. 603-672) has IOCASTE. [Epicaste and OEDIPUS. ]
been wrongly attributed to Joannes himself. The IOCASTUS (’lókartos), a son of Aeolus, king
author of it is uncertain, but it was probably com- on the coast of Italy in the district of Rhegium.
posed by Theodoretus, bishop of Cyrrhus (now (Diod. v. 8; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 732 ; Callim.
Khoros, in Syria). The 87 chapters of Joannes Fragın. 202, ed. Bentley. )
(L. S. ]
p.
*
## p. 605 (#621) ############################################
IOCAUS.
603
CION.
?
PF. IODAMEIA ('lodduera), a priestess of Athena | IOLE (162n), the last beloved of Heracles, and
Itonia, who once, as she entered the sanctuary of a daughter of Eurytus of Oechalia' (HERACLES. )
the goddess by night was changed into a block of According to some writers, she was a half-sister of
stone on seeing the head of Medusa, which was Dryope. (Anton. Lib. 32 ; 0v. Met. ix. 325,
worked in the garment of Athena : In commemo &c. )
[L. S. ]
ration of this event, a fire was every day kindled IOLLAS or IOLAUS ('16/as or 'lórias), son
on the altar of lodameia by a woman amid the of Antipater, and brother of Cassander, king of
exclamation, “. Iodameia lives and demands fire! " Macedonia. He was one of the royal youths who,
(Paus. ix. 34. § 1. )
[L. S. ] according to the Macedonian custom, held offices
JOEL ('Iwnhos), a Byzantine historian, lived about the king's person, and was cup-bearer to
at the end of the 12th, and in the beginning of the Alexander at the period of his last illness. . Those
13th century, and wrote Xpovoypápia ev quroyer, writers who adopt the idea of the king having
being a short narrative of the most memorable been poisoned, represent Iollns as the person who
events of history, especially Byzantine. The work actually administered the fatal draught, at the
begins with Adam, and finishes with the death of banquet given to Alexander by Medius, who, ac-
the emperor Alexis Ducas Murzuphlus, and the cording to this story, was an intimate friend of
conquest of Constantinople by the Latins, in 1204. Iollas, and had been induced by him to take part
From the lamentations with which he ends his in the plot. (Arrian, Anab. vii
. 27 ; Plut. Aler.
history, one might conclude that he witnessed the 77 ; Curt. x. 10. $ 14; Justin. xii. 14; Vitruv.
capture of the Greek capital. The whole work is viii. 3. § 16. ). It is unnecessary to point out the
of little importance, though the latter part of it absurdity and inconsistency of this tale. (See
is of some value for Byzantine history. The Stabr's Aristotelia vol. i. p. 136, &c. ; and Blakes-
first edition was published by Leo Allatius, with ley's Life of Aristotle, p. 85, &c. ) Plutarch him-
notes and a Latin translation, Paris, 1651, fol. , self tells us expressly that it was never heard of
together with Georgius Acropolita, The second until six years afterwards, when Olynipias availed
edition, in the Venice collection of the Byzantines, herself of this pretext as an excuse for the cruelties
and the third by Immanuel Bekker, together with she exercised upon the friends and adherents of
Acropolita and Constantine Manasses, Bonn, 1837, Antipater. Tollas was then dead, but she caused
8vo. , are reprints of the Paris edition. (Fabric. his grave to be opened, and desecrated with every
Bibl. Graec vol. vii. p. 773; Cave, Hist. Lit. vol. mark of indignity. (Plut. Alex. 77; Diod. xix. 11. )
ü. p. 281. )
[W. P. ] The period or occasion of his death is nowhere
İOLA'ÚS (Ibraos), a son of Iphicles and Au- mentioned: the last we hear of him is in B. c. 322,
tomedusa, and consequently a relation of Heracles, when he accompanied his sister Nicaea to Asia,
whose faithful charioteer and companion he was. where she was married to Perdiccas. (Arrian, ap.
[HERACLES. ) He is especially celebrated for his Phot. p. 70, a, ed. Bekk. ). The story of Hyperides
attachment to the descendants of the hero, even having proposed the voting a reward to hollas as
after his death, for he is said to have come to their the murderer of Alexander (Vit
. X. Oratt. p. 849),
assistance from the lower world ; for when Eurys- which is in direct contradiction to the statement of
theus demanded of the Athenians the surrender of Plutarch already cited, is unquestionably a mere
the children of Heracles, who had been kindly re- invention of later times. (See Droysen, Hellenism.
ceived there, Iolaus, who was already dead, begged vol. i. p. 705. )
(E. H. B. )
of the gods of the lower world permission to re- IOLLAS, IOLAUS, or IOLAS ('16xlas,
turn to life, to assist the children of his master. 'Iómaos, or 'íónas), a writer on materia medica, born
The request being_granted, be returned to the in Bithynia, who was probably a contemporary of
upper world, slew Eurystheus, and then went to Heracleides of Tarentum, or a little anterior to him,
rest again. (Pind. Pyth. ix. 137; Eurip. Hera in the third century B. C. , as he is mentioned in com-
clidae. ) After Heracles had instituted the Olym- pany with him by Dioscorides. (De Mat. Med. i.
pian games, Iolaus won the victory with the horses Praef. vol. i. p. 2. ) He is mentioned also by Celsus
of his master, and Heracles sent him to Sardinia (De Medic. v. 22, p. 93), Pliny (H. N. xx. 73, 76),
at the head of his sons whom he had by the Galen (De Antid. i. 2, vol. xiv. p. 7), St. Epipha-
daughters of Thespins. He there took from the nius (Adv. Haeres. i. 1. 3. p. 3. ), and the scholiast
garage inhabitants the finest portions of their on Nicander (Ther. v. 683), but nothing is known
country, civilised them, and was afterwards ho of the events of his life, nor are any of his writings
noured by them with divine worship. From Sar preserved.
[W. A. G. )
dinia he went to Sicily, and then returned to He- ION ("Iwv), the fabulous ancestor of the Ionians,
racles shortly before the death of the latter. After is described as a son of Apollo by Creusa, the
the burning of Heracles, when his remains could daughter of Erechtheus and wife of X uthus.
not be discovered, Iolaus was the first that offered (Apollod. i. 7. $ 3; CREUSA. ) The most cele-'
sacrifices to him as a demigod. (Paus. v. 29 ; brated story about him is that which forms the
Diod. iv. 29, 30, 40. ) According to Pausanias subject of the Ion of Euripides. Apollo had
(ix. 23), Iolaus died in Sardinia, whereas, accord- visited Creusa in a cave below the Propylaea,
ing to Pindar (Ol. ix. 149, Pyth. ix. 137 ; Hygin. and when she gave birth to a son, she exposed him
Fab. 103 ; Apollod. ii. 4. § 11, 5. § 2, 6. § 1), he in the same cave. The god, however, had the child
was buried in the tomb of his grandfather, Amphi- conveyed to Delphi, and there had bim educted
tryon, and was worshipped as a hero. His de by a priestess. When the boy had grown, and
scendants in Sardinia were called 'lonaeis (Strab. | Xuthus and Creusa came to consult the oracle about
V. p. 225) and Iolaenses, and in the time of Pausa- the means of obtaining an heir, the answer was,
nias (. 17. 4), a town Iolaïa still existed in that the first human being which Xuthus met on
Sardinia, where Iolaus was worshipped as a leaving the temple should be his son. Xuthus met
hero
(L. S. ] Ion, and recognised him as his son ; but Creusaha
IOLAUS. [CLAUDIUS JULIUS, p. 778, a. 1 imagining him to be a son of her husband by a
## p. 606 (#622) ############################################
600
ION. '
ION. "
former beloved, caused a cup to be presented to the ap. Ath. xiii. p. 603, e. ) that he met Sophocles at :
youth, which was filled with the poisonous blood of Chios, when the latter was commander of the ex.
å dragon. However, her object was discovered, for pedition against Samos, B. C. 440. His first tragedy
as long before drinking, poured out a libation to was brought out in the 82d Olympiad (& C. 452);
the gods, a pigeon which drank of it died on the he is mentioned as third in competition with Euri-
spot. - Creusa thereupon fled to the altar of the pides and lophon, in Ol. 87, 4 (B. C. 429-428 );
god. Ion dragged her away, and was on the and he died before B. C. 421, as appears from the
point of killing her, when a priestess interfered, Peuco of Aristophanes (830), which was brought
explained the mystery, and showed that Ion was out in that year. Only one victory of lou's is
the son of Creusa. Mother and son thus became mentioned, on which occasion, it is said, having
reconciled, bot Xuthus was not let into the secret. gaine the dithyrambic and tragic prizes at the
The latter, however, was satisfied, for he too re- same time, he presented every Athenian with a
ceived a promise that he should become a father, viz. pitcher of Chian wine. (Schol. ad Aristoph. l. c. ;
of Dorus and Achaeus.
Suid. s. v. 'Aonvaros ; Ath. i. p. 3, f. ; Eustath. ad
The inhabitants of Aegialus, on the northern Ilom. p. 1454, 21. ) llence it would seem that he
coast of Peloponnesus, were likewise Sonians, was a man of considerable wealth.
and among them another tradition was current. The number of his tragedies is variously stated
Yuthus, when expelled from Thessaly, went at 12, 30, and 40. We have the titles and a few
to Aegialus. After his death Ion was on the fragments of ll, namely, 'Ayauéuvwv, 'Aakuhvn,
point of marching against the Aegialeans, when | Αργείοι, Μέγα Δράμα, Φρουροί, Φοίνιξ ή Καινεύς,
their king Selinus gave him his daughter | Φοίνιξ δεύτερος, Τεύκρος, Ομφάλη, Ευρυτίδαι, and
Helice in marriage. After the death of Selinus, naéptas, of which the 'Oudáan was a styric
lon succeeded to the throne, and thus the Aegia- drama Longinus (33) describes the style of lon's
leans received the name of lonians, and the town tragedies as marked by peity refinements and want
of Helice was built in honour of lon's wife. (Paus. of boldness, and be adds an expression which shows
vii. 1.
340-343. )
400, ed. Fabrot. ) he appears to cite the text of the
Joannes published a collection of canons in 50 Basilica ; and Assemani (Bibl. Jur. Orient. vol. ii.
titles. Assemani (vol. i. p. 114) thinks that it p. 415) believes him to have lived about A. D.
was published and prescribed by him as a rule to 1100, under Alexius Comnenus; while Suarez
the bishops of the patriarchate, after he was made (Notit. Basil. § 42) confounds him with Jonnnes
patriarch. In the preface to the work, however, Antiochenus. In his Scholia appended to the
he himself assumes no higher rank than presbyter. Basilica, he interprets passages in the Digest,
This collection is entitled Luvaywy kavovwr the Code, and the Novells. (Schol. Basil, vol. ij.
els Titmous simpnuévn, and is founded on the pp. 544, 558, 559, 587, vol. iii. pp. 360, 390, vol.
basis of a previous collection, which is attributed iv. pp. 658, 662. ) Constantinus Nicaeus (who, in
by some manuscripts to Stephanus Ephesius. It Basil. vol. iii. p. 208, calls himself a disciple of
consists chiefly of decrees of early councils, and Stephanus) cites Joannes Nomophylax, with whom
letters of St. Basil. The Euvayamh of Joannes he disagrees. (Basil. vol. ii. p. 549. ) Joannes is
(which was one of the earliest compilations of the coupled with Dorotheus in Basil. vol. v. p. 410.
kind) enjoyed for some centuries great credit in In Basil. vol. iii. p. 360, and vol. ii. p. 587, we
the Oriental church, received from time to time cor- find him citing Athanasius and Theodorus Herma
rections and additions, and was translated into polita. From these indications, we believe him to
several foreign languages. Assemani (vol. i. p. 60) have lived not long after the reign of Justinian,
cites the Syrian translation: Biener (de Collectio- and would explain his apparent citations of the
nibus Canonum, p. 49) treats of the Sclavonic Basilica by supposing that his original citations of
translation ; and Beveridge (Synodicon, p. 211) the Digest were subsequently adapted to the Basi-
mentions an Egyptian collection of Abnalcassabi in lica-a charge which was frequently made, and
51 titles, resembling that of Joannes. The Euv- which has occasioned much chronological difficulty.
aywyń of Joannes is printed in Voelli et Justelli Many of the jurists, whose fragments appear ap-
Bibliotheca Jur. Canon, vol. ij. 499-602. pended to the Basilica, have, for this reason, been
A collection of 87 chapters, intended as a sup- referred to too late an age. Thus, every circum-
plement to the former Euvaywri, was published stance tends to show that Constantinus Nicaeus
(if we may credit the title to the work) by Joannes, who cites Joannes, lived before the compilation of
after he was in possession of the metropolitan the Basilica, if we except his supposed citations of
throne, and after the death of Justinian. It was the Basilica, and of the otoixelov of Garidas.
published, therefore, between A. D. 565 and 578. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. xii. p. 447; Reiz. ad
As the former collection contained the rules of Theophilum, p. 1236; Pohl, ad Swares. Notit.
purely ecclesiastical origin (kavoves), the present Basil. p. 138. n. B; Heimbach, de Orig. Basil.
was intended to comprehend the enactments of the p. 87. )
(J. T. G. )
civil law (vóuoi) relating to the affairs of the church, JOANNES ALEXANDRI'NUS, a physician
and was compiled from the Novells of Justinian. of Alexandria, who may be supposed to have lived in
Joannes makes abridged extracts from Novells the seventh or eighth century after Christ, and under
3, 5, 6, 32, 46, 56, 57, 83, 120, 123, 131, usually whose name are extant some commentaries on two
employing the words of the original text.
works of the Hippocratic Collection. That on the
These 87 chapters have in several catalogues of sixth book De Morbis Popularibus is said to have been
manuscripts been wrongly attributed to Balsamo. | translated from Greek into Arabic, and from thence
Some notices of their contents, and some extracts into Latin, in which language it is to be found, to
from them, were given by Assemani (Bibl. Jur. gether with Honain Ibn Ishak (commonly called
Orient. vol. ii. p. 451—459): and Biener has by his Latinised name, Joannitius), and other
treated of them with his usual sagacity and learn- authors, in the edition of the collection called Ar-
ing. (Geschichte der Novellen, p. 167-173, p. 584 ticella, printed at Venice, 1483, fol. , and in other
-597. ) They were first printed at length by editions. His cominentary on the De Natura Pu-
Heimbach in 1840. (Anecdota, vol. ii. )
eri, which is imperfect, was first published in Greek
A Nomocanon (combination of raváves and vóuoi) in the second vol. of Dietz's Schol. in Hippocr. et
in 50 titles, with a supplement of 21 chapters, was Gal. Regim. Pruss. 8vo. 1834. (See Fabric. Bibl.
subsequently compiled from the two works of Gr. vol. xii. pp. 687-88, ed. vet. ) [W. A. G. ]
Joannes. This compilation (printed in Voel. et IOBATES. [BELLEROPHON. )
Justell. Bibl. Jur. Canon. vol. ii. p. 603-672) has IOCASTE. [Epicaste and OEDIPUS. ]
been wrongly attributed to Joannes himself. The IOCASTUS (’lókartos), a son of Aeolus, king
author of it is uncertain, but it was probably com- on the coast of Italy in the district of Rhegium.
posed by Theodoretus, bishop of Cyrrhus (now (Diod. v. 8; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 732 ; Callim.
Khoros, in Syria). The 87 chapters of Joannes Fragın. 202, ed. Bentley. )
(L. S. ]
p.
*
## p. 605 (#621) ############################################
IOCAUS.
603
CION.
?
PF. IODAMEIA ('lodduera), a priestess of Athena | IOLE (162n), the last beloved of Heracles, and
Itonia, who once, as she entered the sanctuary of a daughter of Eurytus of Oechalia' (HERACLES. )
the goddess by night was changed into a block of According to some writers, she was a half-sister of
stone on seeing the head of Medusa, which was Dryope. (Anton. Lib. 32 ; 0v. Met. ix. 325,
worked in the garment of Athena : In commemo &c. )
[L. S. ]
ration of this event, a fire was every day kindled IOLLAS or IOLAUS ('16/as or 'lórias), son
on the altar of lodameia by a woman amid the of Antipater, and brother of Cassander, king of
exclamation, “. Iodameia lives and demands fire! " Macedonia. He was one of the royal youths who,
(Paus. ix. 34. § 1. )
[L. S. ] according to the Macedonian custom, held offices
JOEL ('Iwnhos), a Byzantine historian, lived about the king's person, and was cup-bearer to
at the end of the 12th, and in the beginning of the Alexander at the period of his last illness. . Those
13th century, and wrote Xpovoypápia ev quroyer, writers who adopt the idea of the king having
being a short narrative of the most memorable been poisoned, represent Iollns as the person who
events of history, especially Byzantine. The work actually administered the fatal draught, at the
begins with Adam, and finishes with the death of banquet given to Alexander by Medius, who, ac-
the emperor Alexis Ducas Murzuphlus, and the cording to this story, was an intimate friend of
conquest of Constantinople by the Latins, in 1204. Iollas, and had been induced by him to take part
From the lamentations with which he ends his in the plot. (Arrian, Anab. vii
. 27 ; Plut. Aler.
history, one might conclude that he witnessed the 77 ; Curt. x. 10. $ 14; Justin. xii. 14; Vitruv.
capture of the Greek capital. The whole work is viii. 3. § 16. ). It is unnecessary to point out the
of little importance, though the latter part of it absurdity and inconsistency of this tale. (See
is of some value for Byzantine history. The Stabr's Aristotelia vol. i. p. 136, &c. ; and Blakes-
first edition was published by Leo Allatius, with ley's Life of Aristotle, p. 85, &c. ) Plutarch him-
notes and a Latin translation, Paris, 1651, fol. , self tells us expressly that it was never heard of
together with Georgius Acropolita, The second until six years afterwards, when Olynipias availed
edition, in the Venice collection of the Byzantines, herself of this pretext as an excuse for the cruelties
and the third by Immanuel Bekker, together with she exercised upon the friends and adherents of
Acropolita and Constantine Manasses, Bonn, 1837, Antipater. Tollas was then dead, but she caused
8vo. , are reprints of the Paris edition. (Fabric. his grave to be opened, and desecrated with every
Bibl. Graec vol. vii. p. 773; Cave, Hist. Lit. vol. mark of indignity. (Plut. Alex. 77; Diod. xix. 11. )
ü. p. 281. )
[W. P. ] The period or occasion of his death is nowhere
İOLA'ÚS (Ibraos), a son of Iphicles and Au- mentioned: the last we hear of him is in B. c. 322,
tomedusa, and consequently a relation of Heracles, when he accompanied his sister Nicaea to Asia,
whose faithful charioteer and companion he was. where she was married to Perdiccas. (Arrian, ap.
[HERACLES. ) He is especially celebrated for his Phot. p. 70, a, ed. Bekk. ). The story of Hyperides
attachment to the descendants of the hero, even having proposed the voting a reward to hollas as
after his death, for he is said to have come to their the murderer of Alexander (Vit
. X. Oratt. p. 849),
assistance from the lower world ; for when Eurys- which is in direct contradiction to the statement of
theus demanded of the Athenians the surrender of Plutarch already cited, is unquestionably a mere
the children of Heracles, who had been kindly re- invention of later times. (See Droysen, Hellenism.
ceived there, Iolaus, who was already dead, begged vol. i. p. 705. )
(E. H. B. )
of the gods of the lower world permission to re- IOLLAS, IOLAUS, or IOLAS ('16xlas,
turn to life, to assist the children of his master. 'Iómaos, or 'íónas), a writer on materia medica, born
The request being_granted, be returned to the in Bithynia, who was probably a contemporary of
upper world, slew Eurystheus, and then went to Heracleides of Tarentum, or a little anterior to him,
rest again. (Pind. Pyth. ix. 137; Eurip. Hera in the third century B. C. , as he is mentioned in com-
clidae. ) After Heracles had instituted the Olym- pany with him by Dioscorides. (De Mat. Med. i.
pian games, Iolaus won the victory with the horses Praef. vol. i. p. 2. ) He is mentioned also by Celsus
of his master, and Heracles sent him to Sardinia (De Medic. v. 22, p. 93), Pliny (H. N. xx. 73, 76),
at the head of his sons whom he had by the Galen (De Antid. i. 2, vol. xiv. p. 7), St. Epipha-
daughters of Thespins. He there took from the nius (Adv. Haeres. i. 1. 3. p. 3. ), and the scholiast
garage inhabitants the finest portions of their on Nicander (Ther. v. 683), but nothing is known
country, civilised them, and was afterwards ho of the events of his life, nor are any of his writings
noured by them with divine worship. From Sar preserved.
[W. A. G. )
dinia he went to Sicily, and then returned to He- ION ("Iwv), the fabulous ancestor of the Ionians,
racles shortly before the death of the latter. After is described as a son of Apollo by Creusa, the
the burning of Heracles, when his remains could daughter of Erechtheus and wife of X uthus.
not be discovered, Iolaus was the first that offered (Apollod. i. 7. $ 3; CREUSA. ) The most cele-'
sacrifices to him as a demigod. (Paus. v. 29 ; brated story about him is that which forms the
Diod. iv. 29, 30, 40. ) According to Pausanias subject of the Ion of Euripides. Apollo had
(ix. 23), Iolaus died in Sardinia, whereas, accord- visited Creusa in a cave below the Propylaea,
ing to Pindar (Ol. ix. 149, Pyth. ix. 137 ; Hygin. and when she gave birth to a son, she exposed him
Fab. 103 ; Apollod. ii. 4. § 11, 5. § 2, 6. § 1), he in the same cave. The god, however, had the child
was buried in the tomb of his grandfather, Amphi- conveyed to Delphi, and there had bim educted
tryon, and was worshipped as a hero. His de by a priestess. When the boy had grown, and
scendants in Sardinia were called 'lonaeis (Strab. | Xuthus and Creusa came to consult the oracle about
V. p. 225) and Iolaenses, and in the time of Pausa- the means of obtaining an heir, the answer was,
nias (. 17. 4), a town Iolaïa still existed in that the first human being which Xuthus met on
Sardinia, where Iolaus was worshipped as a leaving the temple should be his son. Xuthus met
hero
(L. S. ] Ion, and recognised him as his son ; but Creusaha
IOLAUS. [CLAUDIUS JULIUS, p. 778, a. 1 imagining him to be a son of her husband by a
## p. 606 (#622) ############################################
600
ION. '
ION. "
former beloved, caused a cup to be presented to the ap. Ath. xiii. p. 603, e. ) that he met Sophocles at :
youth, which was filled with the poisonous blood of Chios, when the latter was commander of the ex.
å dragon. However, her object was discovered, for pedition against Samos, B. C. 440. His first tragedy
as long before drinking, poured out a libation to was brought out in the 82d Olympiad (& C. 452);
the gods, a pigeon which drank of it died on the he is mentioned as third in competition with Euri-
spot. - Creusa thereupon fled to the altar of the pides and lophon, in Ol. 87, 4 (B. C. 429-428 );
god. Ion dragged her away, and was on the and he died before B. C. 421, as appears from the
point of killing her, when a priestess interfered, Peuco of Aristophanes (830), which was brought
explained the mystery, and showed that Ion was out in that year. Only one victory of lou's is
the son of Creusa. Mother and son thus became mentioned, on which occasion, it is said, having
reconciled, bot Xuthus was not let into the secret. gaine the dithyrambic and tragic prizes at the
The latter, however, was satisfied, for he too re- same time, he presented every Athenian with a
ceived a promise that he should become a father, viz. pitcher of Chian wine. (Schol. ad Aristoph. l. c. ;
of Dorus and Achaeus.
Suid. s. v. 'Aonvaros ; Ath. i. p. 3, f. ; Eustath. ad
The inhabitants of Aegialus, on the northern Ilom. p. 1454, 21. ) llence it would seem that he
coast of Peloponnesus, were likewise Sonians, was a man of considerable wealth.
and among them another tradition was current. The number of his tragedies is variously stated
Yuthus, when expelled from Thessaly, went at 12, 30, and 40. We have the titles and a few
to Aegialus. After his death Ion was on the fragments of ll, namely, 'Ayauéuvwv, 'Aakuhvn,
point of marching against the Aegialeans, when | Αργείοι, Μέγα Δράμα, Φρουροί, Φοίνιξ ή Καινεύς,
their king Selinus gave him his daughter | Φοίνιξ δεύτερος, Τεύκρος, Ομφάλη, Ευρυτίδαι, and
Helice in marriage. After the death of Selinus, naéptas, of which the 'Oudáan was a styric
lon succeeded to the throne, and thus the Aegia- drama Longinus (33) describes the style of lon's
leans received the name of lonians, and the town tragedies as marked by peity refinements and want
of Helice was built in honour of lon's wife. (Paus. of boldness, and be adds an expression which shows
vii. 1.
