No More Learning

. . . Infelix Theseus, Phlegyasque miserrimus omnes . . .
. . . . Granda&vus Nereus f novit namque omnia vates.
Having said, under Georg. 2, 382, and JEn. 7, 484, that
it is perfectly optional with us to pronounce Theseidce,
-Tyrrheidce, or Tkesidce, TyrrhldeB, I think it not amiss to
quote the following remarks from a paper of mine on
"Greek Patronymics" published in the European Magazine
for August, 1817-
"ALLOW me to offer to your classical readers a few
remarks on what appears to me an erroneous method of
scanning and pronouncing many verses in Homer and other
ancient poets, Latin as well as Greek.
"The error in question (if it really be an error) takes
. place in the pronunciation of such patronymic titles as
Atreides, Peleides, &c. in which the generality of readers
make the EI a diphthong: and, to determine whether we do
or do not rightly scan and pronounce them, it may be proper,
in (be first instance, to consider the mode of their deriva-
tion.
"The simplest rule (as I apprehend) for the formation of
an ordinary regular patronymic from a proper name, is --
"To cut off the final vowel of the dative singular, (count-
ing the subscript iota as nothing) and to add IAH2 (with the
a
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 11:49 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. 32044085250439 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? vi Preface.
I short) for the masculine, and IS for the feminine; as, frem
Tvniogv, masculine TuyXajiJn? , and feminine Twiaps.
"For the Latinist who does not understand Greek, the
rule may be --
"To cut off the final vowel or diphthong from the Latin
dative singular, and to add IDES (with the I short) for the
masculine, and IS for the feminine; as, from Tyndaro, Tyn-
darides and Tyndaris; from Atlanti, Atlantides and Atlantis.
"But, where a long syllable immediately precedes the
termination IAHS or IDES, as here in- Atlantides, (which, in
that shape, could not possibly gain admission into heroic or
elegeiac metre) the poets claim the privilege of inserting ashort
"A" after the "I," and thus obtaining a convenient dactyl,
as Atlantiades, Laertiades, Anchisiades, Telamontades, Am-
phitryomades, &c. and they take a similar liberty with the
feminine IS, converting it into IAS, as Thaumantias.
'" Agreeably to the preceding rule, the primitive Atrtus
will, either from the Greek dative Atje-i or the Latin Atre-o,
give us the patronymic Ar^-iln; or Atre-ides, in either lan-
guage four syllables, making a dactyl and a semifoot; and,
by the same process, we obtain nuAs-jStw, Pele-ides, &c. Or,
If the Greek scholar, making two rules instead of one, should
choose to direct, that, from primitives which form the genii
tive in OE, the patronymic be formed by adding AHS to the
dative, it ultimately amounts to the same thing; the natural
un-contracted dative being AtjiJ, IThXeI, of three syllables,,
which will give ArjtiJn? , TI>i? uiJ>is, of four.
"This being the case, I humbly conceive, that, wherever,
in Greek or Latin poetry, we find one of those patronymics,
in such position as to allow the alternative of one long sylla-
ble or two short, we are, if not bound, at least authorised, to
pronounce the EI as two distinct syllables; thus producing,,
in each of the following instances, a dactyl, instead of the.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 11:49 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. 32044085250439 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? Preface. vii
spondee, which is produced by the ordinary mode of pronun-
ciation; ex. gr.
Atreidas, Priamumque, et saevum ambobus Achillem.
"Thus also, instead of spondaic lines in the following in-
stances (Iliad, B. 9, and P. 191) --
EX9a>> u; xXurtm Aya. jj. tji. Kw; At{hJ<*<< --
Oi ir^ori atrrv (ptgov Hkvra. taiyta. IltiXiUao --
we should have verses of the regular form, with the dactyl in
the fifth place: and the same remark applies to TtoKHma,
which often occurs in the Iliad, and to various other patro-
nymics, which it is not here necessary to enumerate.
"I do not, however, pretend to say, that this pronunci-
ation will, in all cases, improve the harmony of the. verse:
but, in some instances, it certainly will; and, on such occa-
sions, I conceive that the reader is perfectly at liberty to
consult his own ear -- perfectly justifiable in avoiding the
synaeresis, and preferring the dactyl to the spondee.
"Before I quit the subject of patronymics, I cannot for-
bear to notice a glaring error in the text of Ovid, which ap-
pears most unaccountably to have escaped the observation
of all his editors and commentators. It is in his Epist. 14,73--
Surge, age, Belide, de tot modo fratribus unus --
which, as it now stands, presents us with a trochee in the second
place; since the middle syllable in Belides (from Belus) is
undoubtedly short; and Ovid never could have thought of
introducing the name into his verse, without having recourse
to the poetic epcnthesis of the "A/' to produce a dactyl*
thus-- i
Surge, age, Beliade . . . . "
?
The same remark applies to Belidce, in Virgil, . iEn. 2,82 j
while Seneca (Here. (E. t. 960) presents us with an example
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 11:49 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. 32044085250439 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? viii Preface.
of the inserted " A" in the feminine Bellas, Beliadot, for
Belts, Belidos, which furnishes the plural Belides, in the ac-
companying verse from Ovid, Met. 4, 468 --
^Stricto cruenta Bellas ferro stetit. (Sen.
? *. . Assiduse repetant, quas perdant, Betides undas. (Ov.
To return to the present " Clavis" -- Though I had origi-
nally intended it for the Dauphin edition alone, as being
most read in schools, a casual co-incidence induced me tc
extend its utility. While engaged in preparing it for the
press, I happened likewise to be engaged, as Editor, in pro-
ducing that new edition of Virgil, of "the Regent's Classics,'"
which (with the addition of the " Culex," &c. ) is now on the
eve of publication. Using Heyne's edition as my prototype,
I marked, in my progress, his corrections of the text; and,
wherever any one of them involves a poetic licence, I have
noticed it in this " Clavis;" which, therefore, in that as well
as in other respects, will prove more generally satisfactory
than tfie abridged " Clavis," annexed to the Dauphin Virgil;
an abridgement, for which I crave the public indulgence, if
it should be found to contain any inaccuracies -- the more
excusable, as the quotations are only single words, so liable
to mistakes, when detached from the context.
For the convenience of those who may wish to know, with-
out the labor of research, to what extent Virgil has indulged
in each particular species of metrical licence, I have, at the
end of the volume, given a recapitulatory " Synopsis" exhi-
biting the different species distributed into distinct classes --
each class at once presenting to the eye the whole number of
examples noticed in the " Clavis," with proper references to
the places where they severally occur.
West-Square JoHN CaRSY.
February 12, 1818.
-? ? .
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 11:49 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. 32044085250439 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? CLAVIS METRICO-VIRGILIANA.
Eclogue 1.
33. Nee spes libertatis erat nee curS p&-\-culi
( peculii, peculii-- crasis.
39. Tityms hinc &be-\-rat zp-|-sse te ThyrS quercus
( aberat -- ccesura.
50. Non \n-\-sueta gra-\-xes tentabunt pabiila fetas
( insueta--syn&resis--though (N. B. )tfAeUE,
in Suesco and its derivatives, is rarely otherwise
than a single syllable.
69. Pauperis et tiigu-l-r? cora-|-gestum csespite ciilmen
( tugurii, tuguri -- crasis.
Eclogue 2.
24. amphion Dircseus in actse-|-o ara-|-cyntho
( Actseo -- ccesura--preserved.
53. (according to Professor Heyne's text)
addam cerea | prilna ^o-|-nos Srit huic quoque pomo
( pruna -- the A. preserved from elision.
65. Te Covy-\-don b $-|-lexi trahit suS quemque vo-
luptas
( O -- the interjection O never elided -- here
made short.
Eclogue 3. '
6. et succus peco-|-r? et | lac subducitur agnis
( pecori -- caesura --preserved.
58. incipe Damoeta tu | deinde se-|-querc' Mcnalca
( deinde -- syna? resis.
u
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 11:50 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. 32044085250439 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 2 Clavis Metrico-Virgiliana.
Eclogue 3.
63. Mfinera sunt lau-f-r? et | suave rubens hyacinthus
( laurl -- ccesura --preserved.
79. et 15ngum formose \a-\-le vfile \ Inquit iolla
( vale {the latter)--the E preservedfrom elision,
and shortened before the following vowel.
96. TItyre pascentes a flumine | retce c#-|-pellas.
( reice-- synceresis.
97. ips' ubi tempus &-\-rit om-\-nes In fonte ' lavabo
( erit -- ccesura.
Eclogue 4.
51. Terrasr|-g,we 2rac-|-tusque marls cceliimque' pro-
fundum.
( terrasque -- ccesura.
55. Non me carminibus vincet nee Thracius | orpheUs
( Orpheus -- diphthong.
57. Orphei | Calliopea Lino formosus apollo
( Orphei -- this Greek dative may [at the
reader's option) either he read as a dactyl
(orphei), or reduced by synceresis to a spondee
(orphei. )
61. Matrl longa de-\-cem ttile-\-runt ffistidia menses
( tulerunt -- systole.
Eclogue 5.
15. experiar tu | dehide ju-\-belo certet amyntas
( delnde -- synceresis.
71. Vina novum fiindam cala-\-thls dri-\-t'isid | nectar.
Eclogue 6. *
30. Nee tantiim Rhodope mlrantiir et Ismariis | orphei
( Orphea -- synceresis.
*3
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 11:50 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. 32044085250439 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? Clavis Metrico-Virgiliana. 3
Eclogue 6.
42. Caucaseasque rgfert volucres furtumque' Prb-\
-methei
( Promethei -- synceresis.
44. Clamassent ut litiis Hf-\-ld Hyla ] oHmg sonaret
( Hyla (the first) the Asavedjrom elision, and
retained long : -- Hyla (the latter) the A saved
from elision, and shortened before the following
vowel.
53. ille latus ruveum molli {\A-\-tUs hya-\-cmtho
( fultus -- ccesura.
78. Aut ut miitatos Te-|-m <<ar-|-raverit artus
( Terei -- synceresis.
Eclogue 7.
7. VIr gregis Ipse ai-\-per deer-\-rav&rat atqu' ego
Daphnim
( derraverat -- crasis -- or d'erraverat, eli-
sion.
23. VersSbiis ille fa-\-clt out | si non possumtis omnia
( facit -- ccesura.
53. Stant et jiinipe-|-n et | castiine-|-^ #zr-|-sutre
( juniperl -- ccesura --preserved: castanciT: --
the same. N. B. the line is a spondaic verse.
54.
Strata jacent passim sud qudque sub arbdre poma
( as given by Professor Heyne -- sua agreeing
with poma -- quaque with aibore.
Eclogue 6.
41. ut vid' iit peri-|-z Ut | me maids abstulit error
( peril -- caesura -- preserved.
44. . Aut Tmaros aut Rhbdb-|-pe aut | extremi G&ra-
mantes
( Rhodope -- ccesura -- preserved.
B2
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 11:50 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. 32044085250439 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 4 Clavis Metrico-Virgiliana.
Eclogue 8.
55. Certent et cycnis ululiE sit Tityrus | orpheUs
56. orpheUs | In silvis inter delphlnas arlon
( Orpheus -- in both places, a diphthong,
70. Carminibus Circe socios miitavit xi-\-lyss&
( Ulyssel -- synceresis.
81. an' ? d-|-demqu' igni sic nostro Daphnis amore ?
'( eodem-- synceresis:-- iin'eo,-- a spondee.
108. Credimus | an qui #-|-mant IpsI sibi somniS fingiint
( qui --preserved from elision, and shortened
before the following vowel.
Eclogue 9.
66. Desine plura pu-|-er et \ quod nunc Instat agamus
( puer -- ccesura.
Eclogue 10.
12. ulla moram fecere nequ' aoni-|-e agdn~\-ippe
( Aoni-e, or -a, or -ae. -- However written,
the final syllable is preserved from elision by
the ccesura, and continues or is made long.
13. Ill' etiam lau-|'-r<< eti-\-am flevere myrlcjg
( laurl -- ccesura --preserved.
69. omnia vlncit a-\-mor et | nos cedamus amorl
( Amor -- ccesura.
Georgic 1.
4. Sit peco-|-ri api-\-bus quant' experientia parcls
(according to Heyne's edition)
( pecori--. caesura--preserved.
31. TequS sibi generjjm Te-]-thys emdt | omnibus
iindis
( Tethys ~~ ccesura.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 11:50 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. 32044085250439 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? Clavis Metrico-Virgiliana. . 5
Georgic 1.
106. Deinde sa-J-tls fluvi' inducit rivosque sequentes
( delnde -- synceresis.
138. Pleia-|-rfas Hya-\-Aas claramque Lycaonis arcton
( Pleiadas-- ccesura*
153. LappaJ-I-^M^ tribti-\-\iqll, interque nitentia culta
( lappseque -- cacsura.
164. Tribula-|-gMe trdhe-\-seq\i' e't iniquo pondere rastrl
( tribulaque--ccesura.
165. VTrgea prseterea Celel villsque stipellex
( CeleT -- Three syllables -- all regular -- the
original Greek name being, not KijXsuj, KijAeof,
(as I have somewhere seen it mis-spelled) but
KfAeof, Ki\sov, as in Pausanias, Attic, and
Apollodorus, ITegi &eav, lib. i.
221. antS tlb' eo-\-ce a-f-tlantides abscondantur
( Eose -- ctesura -- preserved -- spondaic.
279. Cceumqu' iapetumque ' creat sSvumque' Tjr-|-phoea
( Typho-ea -- the EA a single syllable by
synceresis, as in Orphea, Eclogue 6, 30: -- pho,
a distinct long syllable -- an O-mega in the Greek
TvQmvs, as in Homer, II. B. 782, 783, and Hymn,
in Apoll. 367; tvith Hesiod, Theog. 821, 869--
In Latin, too, the pho is invariably a distinct long
syllable, as in the folloixing lines of Ovid, Met. 5,
321 ; Fast. 1, 573 ; 4, 491; and Valerius Flaccus,
6, 170 --
Emissumque ima de sede Typho-ea terrae --
Quas quoties proflat, spirare Typho-ea credas--
Alta jacet vasti super ora Typhb-eos iEtne.
. . . . Jupiter, atque imis Typho-ea verberat arvis.
281. Ter sunt cona-|-<< i>>? -|-ponere | Pelio | ossam
( conati -- ccesura --preserved. --Pelio, the O
preserved, and shortened. .
B3
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 11:50 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. 32044085250439 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 6 Clams Metrico-Virgiliana.
Georgic I.
295. Aut dulcls musti Vulcano decoqmt | hUmo-
r'Et foliis
( humor' Et -- synapheia, and elision. (See my
"Latin Prosody," sect. 54.
332. Ant atho | aut Rhodopen aut alta Cerauma telo
( Atho -- the O preserved from elision, and
shortened before the following vowel.
341. Tunc pingues ag-\-nl et | tunc mollissima vina
(as in Heyne's text)
( agni--ccesura--preserved.
352. mstus-\-que plHvi-\-asqn' ? t agentes frigora ventos
( aestusque--ccesura.
371. Eurl-|-gw Zephij-\-ricp\e toaat domiis omnia plenls
( Eurique -- ccesura.
397. Tenuia | nee lanS per cOelum vellera ferrl
( ten-wiS, OT-ten-via. (See Georgic 4, 297, and
my " Latin Prosody," sect. 47. )
437. GlaHco | et PSnb-|-_pl<< et | inoo Melicerta?
( Glauco -- the O preserved from elision. --
Panopeie -- the JE preserved, and made short
before the following vowel.
482. Fluvio-\-ium rex eridimus camposque per omnes
( fluviorum. -- fluvio might be read as an
anapaest, if the anapcest were certainly ad-
missible into the hexameter -. but it may more
properly be read as a spondee, fliiw-yo, or
fluv-yo. (See Georgic 4, 297, ond my " Latin
Prosody," sect. 47. )
Georgic 2.
MunSribus tibi pampineo gravi-\-dUs a<<2-|-ctumno
( gravidus -- ccesura -- the verse spondaic.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 11:50 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. 32044085250439 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? Clavis Metrico-Virgiliana. 7
Georgic 2.
69. Inseritur ver' ex fetu nucis arbutus | horri-
d'Et steriles
( horrid' Et -- synapheia, and elision.
71. Castanese fa-|-gws 5r-|-nusqu' Incanuit albo
( fagiis -- ccesura.
79. Finditiir In solidum cuneis via | deiudefe-\-races
( deinde -- synceresis.
86. orchades et radi-|-& et #-|-mara pausia bacca
( radii -- ccesura --preserved,
97. Sunt eti' | dmtne-\-se vites firmlssimS vina
or {according to Heyne's text)
Sunt e't a-\-mmce-\-^ vites, fyc.
( In these different readings (both supported by
ancient MSS. ) the quantity is warranted by ancient
authority -? -- Aminea scilicet a regione: nam
Aminei fuerunt, ubi nunc Falernura est. Macrob.
Sat. 3, 20.
Umbra necat teneras amineas *.
Sept. Seren. ap. T. Maur. Met. 284.
Solus qui Chium miscet et amineum.
Auson. Epist. 17, 19.
Succus amincecE vitis cum pane medetur.
Aut in amincco cochleas haurire Lyaeo --
Seren. Samon. capp. 30 Sf 38.
101. Non ego | te dls | et mensis accepta secundls
( diis, dls -- crasis.
121. Velleraqu' iit folils depectant | tenuia | Seres
( ten-wia, or ten-via -- (See Georgic 4, 297,
and my " Latin Prosody," sect. 47. )
* A Faliscan verse, or Dactylic Tetrameter Meiurus; for winch
metre, see my " Latin Prosody. "
B4
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 11:50 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. 32044085250439 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 8 Clavis Metrico-Virgiliana.
Georgic 2.
129. Misct(e-\-runtqu' herbas et n5n innoxia verba
( miscue-, a dactyl by systole, or a spondee by
synceresis. '(" Latin Prosody," sect. 52. )
144. implevere t&ient o\? -\-ce ar-|-mentaque lata
( according to Heyne's text)
( oleS -- ccesura-- preserved.
180. Tenuis u-|-b' argllP et dumosis calculus arvls
( ten-wis, or ten-vis, as above in verse 121.
200. Non liquidl gregibus fontes non gramina | deerunt
( derunt-- crasis.
211. at rudis enitu-|-i? m-|-pulso vdmere campus
( enituit -- ccesura.
233. Si dee-\'X\va. t rarum pecoriqu' et vltibus almis
( si de^ may, at the reader's option, be
pronounced as a dactyl, the De becoming
short' before the following rowel -- or as a
spondee by crasis, as in verse 200 above.
344. Si non tanta quies Iret frlgusque c&-\-lorem-
qu' Inter
( caloremqu' Inter -- synapheia, and elision.