12, Alcides was the original name of Heracles, the latter name having been bestowed upon him by the Pythian priestess when he
consulted
the oracle after he had gone into exile for the murder of his children.
Callimachus - Hymns
And they with their feet beat loudly and therewith their quivers rattled.
[248] And afterwards around that image was raised a shrine of broad foundations. That it shall dawn behold nothing more divine, naught richer. Easily would it outdo Pytho. Wherefore in this madness insolent Lygdamis threatened that he would lay it waste, and brought against it a host of Cimmerians68 which milk mares, in number as the sand; who have their homes hard by the Straits69 of the cow, daughter of Inachus. Ah! foolish among kings, how greatly he sinned! For not destined to return again to Scythia was either he or any other of those whose wagons stood in the Caystrian70 plain ; for thy shafts are ever more set as a defence before Ephesus.
[258] O Lady of Munychia,71 Watcher of Harbours, hail, Lady of Pherae! 72 Let none disparage Artemis. For Oeneus73 dishonoured her altar and no pleasant struggles came upon his city. Nor let any content with her in shooting of stags or in archery. For the son74 of Atreus vaunted him not that he suffered small requital. Neither let any woo the Maiden; for not Otus, nor Orion wooed her to their own good. Nor let any shun the yearly dance; for not tearless to Hippo75 was her refusal to dance around the altar. Hail, great queen, and graciously greet my song.
1. phôsphoros is one of the titles of Artemis; cf. v. 204, Eur. Iphi. in T. 21.
2. See note on v. 225.
3. Amnisus, river in Crete. Cf. Apoll. Rhod. iii. 877 ff.
4. Artemis in one aspect is Eileithyia = Lucina. She is said to have been born before Apollo and to have assisted at his birth. Hence her birthday was put on the 6th of Thargelion (Diog. L. ii. 44), while Apollo was born on the 7th. (W. Schmidt, Geburstag im Altertum, p. 94. )
5. Hence her title enodia, A. P. vi. 199.
6. As goddess of mariners she is called Euporia, Limenitis etc. So Nêossoos, Apoll. Rh. i. 570.
7. River near Cnossus in Crete, Strabo 476.
8. Sicily.
9. Corsica.
10. It is hard to determine the sense of amboladis. The schol. says ek diadochês, i. e. in succession or alternately. The same difficulty attaches to amblêdên and amboladên, which the scholiasts interpret usually as either = apopooimiou or as = “by spurts” (e. g. Pind. N. x. 62, where among other explanations in the scholia one is ouk ephexês, i. e. not continuously). The combination of amboladên with zeiô in Hom. Il. xxi. 364, Herod. iv. 181 might suggest that here to amboladis should be taken with zeionta in the sense of “sputtering,” but the order of words is against that.
11. kechrêmenos of MSS. is probably correct. This participle in late poetry is used in the vaguest way to indicate any sort of condition.
12. optêria, ta hyper tou idein dôra (schol. ), were gifts given on seeing for the first time a new-born child (schol. Aesch. Eum. 7; Nonn. v. 139). Very similar is the birthday-gift proper, the dosis genethlios or gegethlia. Ta epi tê prôtê hêmera dôra (Hesych. ). Phoebe gave the oracle at Delphi as a birthday gift to Phoebus. More usually optêria = anakaluptêria, gifts given to the bride by the bridegroom on seeing her for the first time; Pollux ii. 59 optêria ta dôra ta para tou proton idontos tên numphên numphiou didomena. Cf. iii. 36 ta de para tou andros didomena edna kai optêria kai anakaluptêria . . . kai prosphthegktêria ekaloun. Moeris 205. 24 optêria Attikôs, anakaluptêria Hellênikôs.
13. The three Cyclopes, sons of Gaia, were Brontes, Steropes, Arges (Hesiod, Th. 140).
14. i. e. Cretan, cf. Stat. Th. iv. 269 “Cydonea harundine,” vii. 339 “Cydoneas sagittas. ”
15. Mountain in Arcadia.
16. Cf. Homer H. Pan 39.
17. The ancients differed as to whether pêgos meant black or white (Hesych. s. vv. pêgos and pêgesimallô).
18. It is by no means certain that the MSS. parouatious is wrong, “with hanging ears. ” Parouaious is based upon Hesych. s. v v. parôas, parôos, Aelian. H. A. viii. 12 cf. Arist. H. A. ix. 45, Dem. De cor. 260. Should we read Parauaious, i. e. Molossian?
19. au eruontes, common in Oppian and Nonnus, is apparently a misunderstanding of the Homeric aueruontes (= anaferuontes).
20. Arcadian, cf. Stat. Th. iv. 295 “dives Cynosura ferarum. ”
21. Oppian, Cyneg. iii. 511 f.
22. Oppian, ibid. 391 ff.
23. Apollodor. ii. 5. 3 “The third labour which he (Eurystheus) imposed on him (Heracles) was to bring the Cerynean hind (Kerunitin elaphon) to Mycenae alive. This was a hind . . . with golden horns, sacred to Artemis. ” Cf. Pind. O. iii. 29.
24. einateres = wives whose husbands are brothers; galiô = wife and sister(s) of one man. (Hom. Il. vi. 378) Gercke, Rh. Mus. xlii (1887), p. 273 ff. , sees an allusion to Arsinoë I. and Arsinoë II.
25. Cf. the Homeric epithet of Hermes, Akakêta, Il. xvi. 185, etc.
26. Heracles, as son of Amphitryon son of Alcaeus. According to Apollodor. ii. 4.
12, Alcides was the original name of Heracles, the latter name having been bestowed upon him by the Pythian priestess when he consulted the oracle after he had gone into exile for the murder of his children. Heracles asked the oracle where he should dwell and he was told to settle in Tiryns and serve Eurystheus for twelve years.
27. There is nor reason whatever to suppose that akmôn here has any other than its ordinary sense of anvil, used metaphorically, as in Aesch. Pers. 52. It has been sometimes supposed to mean unwearied = akamatos.
28. Hera, mother of Hebe.
29. “Phrygia, a hill in Trachis where Heracles burnt” (schol. )
30. When Heracles was passing through the land of the Dryopes, being in want of food for his young son Hyllus, he unyoked and slaughtered one of the oxen of Theiodamas, king of the Dryopes, whom he found at the plough. War ensued between the Dryopes and Heracles, and the Dryopes were defeated, and Hylas, son of Theiodamas, was taken as a hostage by Heracles (Apollodor. ii. 7. 7, Apoll. Rh. i. 1211 ff. , Ovid, Ib. 488). Hence Heracles got the epithet Bouthoinas, schol. Apoll. Rh. l. c. , Gregor. Naz. Or. iv. 123. The Lindian peasant who was similarly treated by Heracles, and who, while Heracles feasted, stood apart and cursed (hence curious rite at Lindos in Rhodes, where, when they sacrifice to Heracles, they do it with curses, Conon 11, Apollod. ii. 5. 11. 9, Lactant. Inst. Div. i. 21) is identified with Theiodamas by Philostr. Imag. ii. 24. Cf. G. Knaack, Hermes xxiii. (1888), p. 131 ff.
31. Inopus in Delos was supposed to have a subterranean connexion with the Nile.
32. On the Eurotas with temple of Artemis.
33. This may be the Athenian Limnae (so schol. ); but there was a Limnaeon also in Laconia with temple of Artemis and an image supposed to be that carried off by Orestes and Iphigeneia (Paus. iii. 7) from Taurica.
34. Attic deme between Marathon and Brauron with temple of Artemis (Eurip. Iphig. in T. 1446 ff. ).
35. In the Crimea, where Artemis was worshipped with human sacrifice (Eurip. l. c. , Ovid, Trist. Iv. 4, Ex Ponto iii. 2, Herod. iv. 103).
36. The typical heroic field (Hom. Od. xviii. 374, Apoll. Rh. iii. 1344); cf. Od. vii. 113.
37. i. e. from Epirus. For the great size of the Êpeirôtikai boes see Aristotle, H. A. iii. 21, who says that when milking them the milker had to stand upright in order to reach the udder. Both Stymphaea and Tymphaea seem to be attested, though the latter seems to have the better authority (Steph. Byz. s. v. Tumphon).
38. Hesiod, W. 436.
39. Doliche: either Euboea (E. M. s. v. Euboia), E. Maass, Hermes xxv. (1890), p. 404, or Icaros (Steph. Byz. s. v. Ikaros), or an island of Lycia (Steph. Byz. s. v. Dolichê. nêsos pros tê Lukia, hôs Kallimachos).
40. In Pamphylia, with temple of Artemis, Strabo 667.
41. In Laconia.
42. Britomartis or Dictyna, a Cretan goddess sometimes represented as an attendant of Artemis, sometimes regarded as identical with her.
43. Artemis in Ephesus, Sparta, etc.
44. Cyrene.
45. "The tomb of Pelias" (schol. ).
46. Procris.
47. Mother of Odysseus.
48. The MS. asul(l)ôtoi is quite unknown. The translation assumes a connexion with asilla.
49. Atalanta took a prominent part in the hunt of the Calydonian boar, and received from Meleager the hide and head of the boar as her prize (Paus. viii. 45).
50. Hylaeus and Rhoecus were two centaurs who insulted Atalanta and were shot by her (Apollod. iii. 9. 2).
51. Chitone, by-name of Artemis as huntress, wearing a sleeveless tunic (chitôn) reaching to the knees.
52. Neleus, son of Codrus, founder of Miletus (Strabo, 633).
53. Artemis Hegemone as leader of colonists (Paus. viii. 37).
54. i. e. Athens.
55. Cape in Samos.
56. River in Samos.
57. Artemis was worshipped in Ephesus with the tile Prôtothroniê (Paus. x. 38. 6). For rock-cut throne on Mount Coressus at Ephesus cf. A. B. Cook, Zeus, i. p. 140 f.
58. The aploia is sometimes described as a storm, sometimes as a dead calm.
59. Epithet of Helen as daughter of Nemesis, who was worshipped at Rhamnus in Attica.
60. King of Argos.
61. For their madness and cure cf. Paus. ii. 7. 8, viii. 18. 7 f.
62. Azania in Arcadia.
63. In Arcadia.
64. For the temple of Artemis Hemera or Hemerasia at Lusa cf. Paus. viii. 18. 8.
65.
[248] And afterwards around that image was raised a shrine of broad foundations. That it shall dawn behold nothing more divine, naught richer. Easily would it outdo Pytho. Wherefore in this madness insolent Lygdamis threatened that he would lay it waste, and brought against it a host of Cimmerians68 which milk mares, in number as the sand; who have their homes hard by the Straits69 of the cow, daughter of Inachus. Ah! foolish among kings, how greatly he sinned! For not destined to return again to Scythia was either he or any other of those whose wagons stood in the Caystrian70 plain ; for thy shafts are ever more set as a defence before Ephesus.
[258] O Lady of Munychia,71 Watcher of Harbours, hail, Lady of Pherae! 72 Let none disparage Artemis. For Oeneus73 dishonoured her altar and no pleasant struggles came upon his city. Nor let any content with her in shooting of stags or in archery. For the son74 of Atreus vaunted him not that he suffered small requital. Neither let any woo the Maiden; for not Otus, nor Orion wooed her to their own good. Nor let any shun the yearly dance; for not tearless to Hippo75 was her refusal to dance around the altar. Hail, great queen, and graciously greet my song.
1. phôsphoros is one of the titles of Artemis; cf. v. 204, Eur. Iphi. in T. 21.
2. See note on v. 225.
3. Amnisus, river in Crete. Cf. Apoll. Rhod. iii. 877 ff.
4. Artemis in one aspect is Eileithyia = Lucina. She is said to have been born before Apollo and to have assisted at his birth. Hence her birthday was put on the 6th of Thargelion (Diog. L. ii. 44), while Apollo was born on the 7th. (W. Schmidt, Geburstag im Altertum, p. 94. )
5. Hence her title enodia, A. P. vi. 199.
6. As goddess of mariners she is called Euporia, Limenitis etc. So Nêossoos, Apoll. Rh. i. 570.
7. River near Cnossus in Crete, Strabo 476.
8. Sicily.
9. Corsica.
10. It is hard to determine the sense of amboladis. The schol. says ek diadochês, i. e. in succession or alternately. The same difficulty attaches to amblêdên and amboladên, which the scholiasts interpret usually as either = apopooimiou or as = “by spurts” (e. g. Pind. N. x. 62, where among other explanations in the scholia one is ouk ephexês, i. e. not continuously). The combination of amboladên with zeiô in Hom. Il. xxi. 364, Herod. iv. 181 might suggest that here to amboladis should be taken with zeionta in the sense of “sputtering,” but the order of words is against that.
11. kechrêmenos of MSS. is probably correct. This participle in late poetry is used in the vaguest way to indicate any sort of condition.
12. optêria, ta hyper tou idein dôra (schol. ), were gifts given on seeing for the first time a new-born child (schol. Aesch. Eum. 7; Nonn. v. 139). Very similar is the birthday-gift proper, the dosis genethlios or gegethlia. Ta epi tê prôtê hêmera dôra (Hesych. ). Phoebe gave the oracle at Delphi as a birthday gift to Phoebus. More usually optêria = anakaluptêria, gifts given to the bride by the bridegroom on seeing her for the first time; Pollux ii. 59 optêria ta dôra ta para tou proton idontos tên numphên numphiou didomena. Cf. iii. 36 ta de para tou andros didomena edna kai optêria kai anakaluptêria . . . kai prosphthegktêria ekaloun. Moeris 205. 24 optêria Attikôs, anakaluptêria Hellênikôs.
13. The three Cyclopes, sons of Gaia, were Brontes, Steropes, Arges (Hesiod, Th. 140).
14. i. e. Cretan, cf. Stat. Th. iv. 269 “Cydonea harundine,” vii. 339 “Cydoneas sagittas. ”
15. Mountain in Arcadia.
16. Cf. Homer H. Pan 39.
17. The ancients differed as to whether pêgos meant black or white (Hesych. s. vv. pêgos and pêgesimallô).
18. It is by no means certain that the MSS. parouatious is wrong, “with hanging ears. ” Parouaious is based upon Hesych. s. v v. parôas, parôos, Aelian. H. A. viii. 12 cf. Arist. H. A. ix. 45, Dem. De cor. 260. Should we read Parauaious, i. e. Molossian?
19. au eruontes, common in Oppian and Nonnus, is apparently a misunderstanding of the Homeric aueruontes (= anaferuontes).
20. Arcadian, cf. Stat. Th. iv. 295 “dives Cynosura ferarum. ”
21. Oppian, Cyneg. iii. 511 f.
22. Oppian, ibid. 391 ff.
23. Apollodor. ii. 5. 3 “The third labour which he (Eurystheus) imposed on him (Heracles) was to bring the Cerynean hind (Kerunitin elaphon) to Mycenae alive. This was a hind . . . with golden horns, sacred to Artemis. ” Cf. Pind. O. iii. 29.
24. einateres = wives whose husbands are brothers; galiô = wife and sister(s) of one man. (Hom. Il. vi. 378) Gercke, Rh. Mus. xlii (1887), p. 273 ff. , sees an allusion to Arsinoë I. and Arsinoë II.
25. Cf. the Homeric epithet of Hermes, Akakêta, Il. xvi. 185, etc.
26. Heracles, as son of Amphitryon son of Alcaeus. According to Apollodor. ii. 4.
12, Alcides was the original name of Heracles, the latter name having been bestowed upon him by the Pythian priestess when he consulted the oracle after he had gone into exile for the murder of his children. Heracles asked the oracle where he should dwell and he was told to settle in Tiryns and serve Eurystheus for twelve years.
27. There is nor reason whatever to suppose that akmôn here has any other than its ordinary sense of anvil, used metaphorically, as in Aesch. Pers. 52. It has been sometimes supposed to mean unwearied = akamatos.
28. Hera, mother of Hebe.
29. “Phrygia, a hill in Trachis where Heracles burnt” (schol. )
30. When Heracles was passing through the land of the Dryopes, being in want of food for his young son Hyllus, he unyoked and slaughtered one of the oxen of Theiodamas, king of the Dryopes, whom he found at the plough. War ensued between the Dryopes and Heracles, and the Dryopes were defeated, and Hylas, son of Theiodamas, was taken as a hostage by Heracles (Apollodor. ii. 7. 7, Apoll. Rh. i. 1211 ff. , Ovid, Ib. 488). Hence Heracles got the epithet Bouthoinas, schol. Apoll. Rh. l. c. , Gregor. Naz. Or. iv. 123. The Lindian peasant who was similarly treated by Heracles, and who, while Heracles feasted, stood apart and cursed (hence curious rite at Lindos in Rhodes, where, when they sacrifice to Heracles, they do it with curses, Conon 11, Apollod. ii. 5. 11. 9, Lactant. Inst. Div. i. 21) is identified with Theiodamas by Philostr. Imag. ii. 24. Cf. G. Knaack, Hermes xxiii. (1888), p. 131 ff.
31. Inopus in Delos was supposed to have a subterranean connexion with the Nile.
32. On the Eurotas with temple of Artemis.
33. This may be the Athenian Limnae (so schol. ); but there was a Limnaeon also in Laconia with temple of Artemis and an image supposed to be that carried off by Orestes and Iphigeneia (Paus. iii. 7) from Taurica.
34. Attic deme between Marathon and Brauron with temple of Artemis (Eurip. Iphig. in T. 1446 ff. ).
35. In the Crimea, where Artemis was worshipped with human sacrifice (Eurip. l. c. , Ovid, Trist. Iv. 4, Ex Ponto iii. 2, Herod. iv. 103).
36. The typical heroic field (Hom. Od. xviii. 374, Apoll. Rh. iii. 1344); cf. Od. vii. 113.
37. i. e. from Epirus. For the great size of the Êpeirôtikai boes see Aristotle, H. A. iii. 21, who says that when milking them the milker had to stand upright in order to reach the udder. Both Stymphaea and Tymphaea seem to be attested, though the latter seems to have the better authority (Steph. Byz. s. v. Tumphon).
38. Hesiod, W. 436.
39. Doliche: either Euboea (E. M. s. v. Euboia), E. Maass, Hermes xxv. (1890), p. 404, or Icaros (Steph. Byz. s. v. Ikaros), or an island of Lycia (Steph. Byz. s. v. Dolichê. nêsos pros tê Lukia, hôs Kallimachos).
40. In Pamphylia, with temple of Artemis, Strabo 667.
41. In Laconia.
42. Britomartis or Dictyna, a Cretan goddess sometimes represented as an attendant of Artemis, sometimes regarded as identical with her.
43. Artemis in Ephesus, Sparta, etc.
44. Cyrene.
45. "The tomb of Pelias" (schol. ).
46. Procris.
47. Mother of Odysseus.
48. The MS. asul(l)ôtoi is quite unknown. The translation assumes a connexion with asilla.
49. Atalanta took a prominent part in the hunt of the Calydonian boar, and received from Meleager the hide and head of the boar as her prize (Paus. viii. 45).
50. Hylaeus and Rhoecus were two centaurs who insulted Atalanta and were shot by her (Apollod. iii. 9. 2).
51. Chitone, by-name of Artemis as huntress, wearing a sleeveless tunic (chitôn) reaching to the knees.
52. Neleus, son of Codrus, founder of Miletus (Strabo, 633).
53. Artemis Hegemone as leader of colonists (Paus. viii. 37).
54. i. e. Athens.
55. Cape in Samos.
56. River in Samos.
57. Artemis was worshipped in Ephesus with the tile Prôtothroniê (Paus. x. 38. 6). For rock-cut throne on Mount Coressus at Ephesus cf. A. B. Cook, Zeus, i. p. 140 f.
58. The aploia is sometimes described as a storm, sometimes as a dead calm.
59. Epithet of Helen as daughter of Nemesis, who was worshipped at Rhamnus in Attica.
60. King of Argos.
61. For their madness and cure cf. Paus. ii. 7. 8, viii. 18. 7 f.
62. Azania in Arcadia.
63. In Arcadia.
64. For the temple of Artemis Hemera or Hemerasia at Lusa cf. Paus. viii. 18. 8.
65.
