Pto- subdue all his enemies, as Dionysus had conquered
lemy was entirely defeated (B.
lemy was entirely defeated (B.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
,
tragic purposes, represents bim as alive and falling and Tab. viii. 3. )
in love with Antigone. When Polyneices, subse- 2. The daughter of Berenice by her first hus-
quently, who had been expelled by bis brother band Philip, and the wife of Pyrrhus. (Plut.
Eteocles, marched against Thebes (in the war of Pyrrh. 4. )
the Seven), and the two brothers had fallen in ANTIGOʻNIDAE, the descendants of Anti-
single combat, Creon, who now succeeded to the gonus, king of Asia. The following genealogical
throne, issued an edict forbidding, under heavy table of this family is taken from Droysen's Ges
penalties, the burial of their bodies. While every chichte der Nachfolger Alexanders.
Antigonus, died B. C. 301. Married Stratonice,
daughter of Corrhaeus.
Philip, died B. C. 306.
Demetrius I. (Poliorcetes), k. of Macedonian
Died B. C. 283. Married
1. Phila, d. of Antipater.
2. Eurydice, widow of Ophellas.
3. Deidameia, d. of Aeacides.
4. An Illyrian.
5. Ptolemais, d. of Ptolemy Soter.
6. Lamia, an Hetaira.
Corrabus.
Phila.
Antigonus Gonatas,
k. of Macedonia.
Died B. c. 239. Married
1. Phila, d. of Seleucus
Nicator.
2. Demo.
Stratonice.
Married
1. Scleucus.
2. Antiochus.
Demetrius,
of Cyrene.
Died B. c. 230.
Married Olympias
of Larissa.
a
## p. 187 (#207) ############################################
ANTIGONUS.
17
ANTIGONUS.
Halcyoneus.
Echecrates.
Demetrius II. , k. of
Macedonia. Died B. c. 229.
Married
1. Stratonice, d. of Antio
chus Soter.
2. Phthia, d. of Alexander,
the son of Pyrrhus.
Antigonus Doson, k. of
Macedonia. Died B. c. 221.
Married Phthin, the widow
of Demetrius II.
Antigonus.
Apama.
Philip V. king of Macedonia.
Died B. c. 179.
Perscus, k. of Macedonia.
Conquered by the Romans B. C. 168.
1
ANTI'GONUS ('Avriyovos), a Greek writer of Antigonus, and almost placed within his rench
on the history of Italy. (Fest. s. v. Romam ; the throne of Asia. Antipater had appointed Po-
Dionys. Hal. i. 6. ) It has been supposed that the lysperchon regent, to the exclusion of his own son
Antigonus mentioned by Plutarch (Romul. 17) is Cassander, who was dissatisfied with the arrange-
the same as the historian, but the saying there ment of his father, and ciaimed the regency for
quoted belongs to a king Antigonus, and not to the himself. He was supported by Antigonus, and
historian.
(L. S. ] their confederacy was soon afterwards joined by
ANTIGONUS ('Avriyovos), son of ALEX- Ptolemy. But they found a formidable rival in
ANDER, was sent by Perseus, king of Macedonia, Eumenes, who was appointed by Polysperchon to
as ambassador into Boeotia, in B. c. 172, and suc- the command of the troops in Asia. Antigonus
ceeded in inducing the towns of Coroneia, Thebes, commanded the troops of the confederates, and the
and Haliartus to remain faithful to the king. struggle between him and Eumenes lasted for two
(Polyb. xxvii. 5. )
(L. S. ) years. The scene of the first campaign (B. c. 318)
ANTIGONUS ('Artiqovos), of ALEXANDRIA, wis Asia Minor and Syria, of the second (B. c. 317)
a grammarian who is referred to by Erotian in his Persia and Media. The contest was at length
Prooemium and his Prenira. He is perhaps the terminated by a battle in Gabiene at the beginning
same person as the Antigonus of whom the Scho of B. c. 316, in which Eumenes was defeated. He
liast on Nicander speaks, and identical with Anti- was surrendered to Antigonus the next day through
gonus, the commentator of Hippocrates. (Erotian, the treachery of the Argyraspids, and was put to
p. 13. )
[L. S. ]
death by the conqueror.
ANTIGONUS ('Avriyovos ), king of Asia, Antigonus was now by far the most powerful of
surnamed the One-eyed (Lucian, Macrol. 11 ; Plut. Alexander's generals, and was by no means dis-
de Pueror. Educ. 14), was the son of Philip of posed to share with his allies the fruits of his vic-
Elymiotis. He was born about B. c. 382, and was tory. He began to dispose of the provinces as he
one of the generals of Alexander the Great, and in thought fit. He caused Pithon, a general of great
the division of the empire after his death (B. C. infiuence, to be brought before his council, and
323), he received the provinces of the Greater condemned to death on the charge of treachery,
Phrygia, Lycia, and Pamphylia. Perdiccas, who and executed several other officers who shewed
had been appointed regent, had formed the plan of symptoms of discontent. After taking possession
obtaining the sovereignty of the whole of Alex- of the inimense treasures collected at Ecbatana and
ander's dominions, and therefore resolved upon the Susa, he proceeded to Babylon, where he called
ruin of Antigonus, who was likely to stand in the upon Seleucus to account for the administration of
way of his ambitious projects. Perceiving the the revenues of this province. Such an account,
danger which threatened him, Antigonus fled with however, Seleucus refused to give, maintaining that
his son Demetrius to Antipater in Macedonia (321); he had received the province as a free gift from
but the death of Perdiccas in Egypt in the same Alexander's army; but, admonished by the recent
year put an end to the apprehensions of Antigonus. fate of Pithon, he thought it more prudent to get
Antipater was now declared regent; be restored to out of the reach of Antigonus, and accordingly left
Antigonus his former provinces with the addition Babylon secretly with a few horsemen, and tied to
of Suisiana, and gave him the commission of carry- Egypt.
ing on the war against Eumenes, who would not The ambitious projects and great power of Anti-
submit to the authority of the new regent. In gonus now led to a general coalition against him,
this war Antigonus was completely successful; he consisting of Seleucus, Ptolemy, Cassander, and
defeated Eumenes, and compelled him to take Lysimachus. The war began in the year 315,
refuge with a small body of troops in Nora, an and was carried on with great vehemence and al-
impregnable fortress on the confines of Lycaonia and ternate success in Syria, Phoenicia, Asia Minor,
Cappadocia ; and after leaving this place closely and Greece. After four years, all parties becaine
invested, he marched into Pisidia, and conquered exhausted with the struggle, and peace was accord-
Alcetas and Atualus, the only generals who still ingly made, in B. c. 311, on condition that the
held out agninst Antipater (u c. 320). (Alcetas. ] Greek cities should be free, that Cassander should
The death of Antipater in the following year retnin his authority in Europe till Alexander Al-
(B. C. 319) was favourable to the ambitious views | gus came of age, that Lysimachus and Pwlemy
## p. 188 (#208) ############################################
188
ANTIGONUS.
ANTIGONUS.
should keep possession of Thrace and Egypt re- chus, and endeavoured to force him to an engage-
spectively, and that Antigonus should have the ment before the arrival of Seleucus from upper
government of all Asia. The name of Seleucus, Asia. But in this he could not succeed, and the
strangely enough, does not appear in the treaty. campaign accordingly passed away without a bat-
This peace, however, did not last more than a tle. " (B. C. 302. ) During the winter, Seleucus
year. Ptolemy was the first to break it, under joined Lysimachus, and Demetrius came from
pretence that Antigonus had not restored to liberty Greece to the assistance of his father. The deci-
the Greek cities in Asia Minor, and accordingly sive battle took place in the following year (B. C.
sent a fleet to Cilicia to dislodge the garrisons of 301), near Ipsus in Phrygia. Antigonus fell in
Antigonus from the maritime towns. (B. C. 310. ) the battle, in the eighty-first year of his age, and
Ptolemy was at first successful, but was soon his army was completely defeated. Demetrius
deprived of all he had gained by the conquests escaped, but was unable to restore the fortunes of
of Demetrius (Poliorcetes), the son of Antigonus. his house. (DEMETRIUS. ) The dominions of
Meanwhile, howevur, the whole of Greece was in the Antigonus were divided between the conquerors :
power of Cassander, and Demetrius was therefore Lysimachus obtained the greater part of Asia
sent with a large fleet to effect a diversion in his Minor, and Seleucus the countries between the
father's favour. Demetrius met with little opposi- coast of Syria and the Euphrates, together with a
tion; he took possession of Athens in B. c. 307, part of Phrygia and Cappadocia. (Diod. lib. sviji. -
where he was received with the most extravagant xx. ; Plut. Eumenes and Demetrius ; Droveen,
flattery. He also obtained possession of Megara, Geschichte der Nachfolger Alexanders; Thirlwall's
and would probably have become master of the Greece, vol. vii. )
whole of Greece, if he had not been recalled by The head on the following coin of Antigonus,
his father to oppose Ptolemy, who had gained the Fröhlich supposes to be Neptune's, but Eckhel
island of Cyprus. The fleet of Demetrius met that thinks that it represents Dionysus, and that the
of Ptolemy off the city of Salamis in Cyprus, and coin was struck by Antigonus after his naval vic-
a battle ensued, which is one of the most memora- tory off Cyprus, in order to shew that he should
ble of the naval engagements of antiquity.
Pto- subdue all his enemies, as Dionysus had conquered
lemy was entirely defeated (B. C. 306), and Anti- his in India. (Eckhel, vol. ii. p. 118. )
gonus assumed in consequence the title of king,
and the diadem, the symbol of royal power in
Persia. He also conferred the same title upon
Demetrius, between whom and his father the most
cordial friendship and unanimity always prevailed.
The example of Antigonus was followed by Prole-
my, Lysimachus, and Seleucus, who are from this
BALIATA.
time designated as kings. The city of Antigoneia
AKTISK
on the Orontes in Syria was founded by Antigonus
in the preceding year (B. C. 307).
Antigonus thought that the time had now come
for crushing Ptolemy. He accordingly invaded ANTIGONUS ('Artlyovos), of CARYSTUS, is
Egypt with a large force, but his invasion was as supposed by some to have lived in the reign of
unsuccessful as Cassander's had been : he was Ptolemaeus Philadelphus, and by others in that of
obliged to retire with great loss. (B. C. 306. ) He Euergetes. Respecting his life nothing is known,
next sent Demetrius to besiege Rhodes, which had but we possess by him a work called iotopu. Dv
refused to assist him against Ptolemy, and had tapadówv ovvaywyn' (Historiae Mirabiles), which
hitherto remained neutral. Although Demetrius consists for the most part of extracts from the
made the most extraordinary efforts to reduce the “ Auscultationes” attributed to Aristotle, and from
place, he was completely baffled by the energy and similar works of Callimachus, Timaeus, and others
perseverance of the besieged ; and was therefore which are now lost. It is only the circumstance
glad, at the end of a year's siege, to make peace that he has thus preserved extracts from other and
with the Rhodians on terms very favourable to the better works, that gives any value to this compila-
latter. (B. C. 304. ) While Demetrius was engaged tion of strange stories, which is evidently made
against Rhodes, Cassander had recovered his for- without skill or judgment. It was first edited,
mer power in Greece, and this was one reason together with Antoninus Liberalis, by Xylander,
that made Antigonus anxious that his son should Basel, 1568, 8vo. The best editions are those of
make peace with the Rhodians. Demetrius crossed Meursius, Lugd. Bat. 1619, 4to. , and of J. Beck-
over into Greece, and after gaining possession of mann, Leipzig, 1791, 4to. Antigonus also wrote
the principal cities without much difficulty, col- an epic poem entitled 'Avrimatpos, of which two
lected an assembly of deputies at Corinth (B. c. lines are preserved in Athenaeus. (iii. p. 82. ) The
303), which conferred upon him the same title Anthologia Graeca (ix. 406) contains an epigram
that had formerly been bestowed upon Philip and of Antigonus.
[L. S. ]
Alexander. He now prepared to march north- ANTIGONUS ('Avriyovos), of CUMAE, in
wards against Cassander, who, alarmed at his dan- | Asia Minor, a Greek writer on agriculture, who is
gerous position, sent proposals of peace to Antigo- referred to by Pliny (Elench. libb. viii. xiv. xv.
nus. The proud answer was, “ Cassander must xvii. ), Varro (De Re Rust. i. 1), and Columella (i.
yield to the pleasure of Antigonus. ” But Cassan- | 1), but whose age is unknown. [L. S. ]
der had not sunk so low as this: he sent ambas- ANTIGONUS DOSON ('Αντίγονος Δώσων),
Badors to Seleucus and Ptolemy for assistance, and so called because it was said he was always about
induced Lysimachus to invade Asia Minor in order to give but never did, was the son of Olympias of
to make an immediate diversion in his favour. Larissa and Demetrius of Cyrene, who ivas a son
Antigonus proceeded in person to oppose Lysima- of Demetrius Poliorcetes and a brother of Antigo-
66
:
## p. 189 (#209) ############################################
ANTIGONUS.
189
ANTIGONUS.
ENTINY
VVF54
nus Gonatas. (ANTIGONIDAE. ) On the death subsequently attempted to prevent the formation
of Demetrius II. , B. C. 229, Antigonus was ap- of the Achacan league, and died in B. c. 239, at
pointed guardian of his son Philip, whence he the age of eighty, after a reign of forty-four yenrs.
was sometimes designated by the surname 'Emí. He was succeeded by Demetrius II. (Plut. Demetr.
TPOTOS. (Athen. vi. p. 251, d. ; Liv. xl. 54. ) 51, Pyrrhus, 26; Justin, xxiv. 1, xxv. 1--3,
He married the widow of Demetrius, and almost xxvi. 2 ; Polyb. ii. 43, &c. ; Lucian, Macrob. c. 1];
immediately afterwards assumed the crown in Niebuhr, Kleinc Schriften, p. 227, &c. ) Antigonus'
his own right. At the commencement of his surname Gonatas is usually derived from Gonnos
reign be was engaged in wars against the bar. or Gonni in Thessaly, which is supposed to have
barians on the borders of Macedonia, but after- | been the place of his birth or education. Niebuhr
wards took an active part in the affairs of Greece. (l. c. ), however, remarks, that Thessaly did not
He supported Aratus and the Achaean lengue come into his father's possession till Antigonus
against Cleomenes, king of Sparta, and the Acto- had grown up, and he thinks that Gonatas is a
lians, and was completely successful. He defeated Macedonian word, the same as the Romaic yovatas,
Cleomenes, and took Sparta, but was recalled to which signifies an iron plate protecting the knee,
Macedonia by an invasion of the Illyrians. He and that Antigonus obiained this surname from
defeated the Illyrians, and died in the same year wearing such a piece of defensive armour.
(B. C. 220), after a reign of nine years. Polybius
speaks favourably of his character, and commends
him for his wisdom and moderation. He was suc-
ceeded by Philip. V. (Justin, xxvii. 3, 4; Plut.
Arat. and Cleom. ; Polyb. ii. 45, &c. , 70; Niebuhr,
Kleine Schriften, p. 232, &c. ) [ARATUS; CLEO-
MENES. )
ANTIGONUS ('Artímovos), son of ECHEC-
RATES, the brother of Antigonus Doson, revealed
COIN OP ANTIGONUS GONATAS.
to Philip V. , king of Macedonia, a few months ANTIGONUS ('Avrigovos), king of JUDAEA,
before bis death, B. c. 179, the false accusations of the son of Aristobulus II. and the last of the Mac-
his son Perseus against his other son Demetrius, cabees who sat on the royal throne. After his fa-
in consequence of which Philip had put the latter ther had been put to death by Pompey's party,
to death. Indignant at the conduct of Perseus, Antigonus was driven out of Judaea by Antipater
Philip appointed Antigonus his successor ; but on and his sons, but was not able to obtain any assist-
his death Perseus obtained possession of the throne, ance from Caesar's party. He was at length re-
and caused Antigonus to be killed. (Liv. xl. 54- stored to the throne by the Parthians in B. C. 40.
58. )
Herod, the son of Antipater, fied to Rome, and
ANTIÖGONUS GOʻNATAS ('Avrigovos ra obtained from the Romans the title of king of
vatas), son of Demetrius Poliorcetes and Phila Judaea, through the influence of Antony. Herod
(the daughter of Antipater), and grandson of An- now marched against Antigonus, whom he defeated,
tigonus, king of Asia. (ANTIGONIDAE. ) When and took Jerusalem, with the assistance of the Roman
his father Demetrius was driven out of Mace | general Sosius, after a long and obstinate siege.
donia by Pyrrhus, in B. C. 287, and crossed Antigonus surrendered himself to Sosius, who hand-
over into Asia, Antigonus remained in Pelopon- ed him over to Antony. Antony had him executed
nesus; but he did not assume the title of at Antioch as a common malefactor in B. C. 37.
king of Macedonia till after his father's death (Joseph. Antiq. xiv. 13-16, B. J. i. 13, 14; Dion
in Asia in B. c. 283. It was some years, how- Cass. xlix. 22. Respecting the difference in chro-
ever, before he obtained possession of his pa-nology between Josephus and Dion Cassius, see
ternal dominions. Pyrrhus was deprived of the Wernsdorf, de File Librorum Maccal. p. 24, and
kingdom by Lysimachus (B. c. 286); Lysimachus Ideler, Chronol. ii. p. 389, &c. )
was succeeded by Seleucus (280), who was mur. ANTI'GONUS ('Avriyovos), a writer on PAINT-
dered by Ptolemy Ceraunus. Ceraunus shortly ING, mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius (vii. 12), is
after fell in battle against the Gauls, and during perhaps the same as the sculptor, whom we know
the next three years there was a succession of to have written on statuary.
(P. S. )
claimants to the throne. Antigonus at last ob- ANTIGONUS, a general of Perseus in the
tained possession of the kingdom in 277, notwith- war with the Romans, was sent to Aenia to guard
standing the opposition of Antiochus, the son of the coast. (Liv. xliv. 26, 32. )
Seleucus, who laid claim to the crown in virtue of ANTI'GONUS, a Greek SCULPTOR, and an
his father's conquests. But he withdrew his eminent writer upon his art, was one of the artists
claim on the marriage of his half-sister, Phila, who represented the battles of Attalus and Eumenes
with Antigonus. He subsequently defeated the against the Gauls. (Plin. xxxiv. 19. $ 24. ) He
Gauls, and continued in possession of his king-lived, therefore, about 239 B. C. , when Attalus I. ,
dom till the return of Pyrrhus from Italy in 273, king of Pergamus, conquered the Gauls. A little
who deprived him of the whole of Macedonia, further on, Pliny (s 26) says, “ Antigonus et pe-
with the exception of a few places. He recovered rixyomenon, tyrannicidasque supra dictos," where
his dominions in the following year (272) on the one of the best MSS. has “Antignotus et luctatores,
death of Pyrrhus at Argos, but was again de perixvomenon," &c.
[P. S. )
prived of them by Alexander, the son of Pyrrhus. ANTIGONUS ('Artlyovos), a Greek army
Alexander, however, did not retain possession Surgeon, mentioned by Galen, who must therefore
of the country long, and was compelled to retire have lived in or before the second century after
by the conquests of Demetrius, the brother or Christ. (Galen, De Compos. Medicam. sec. Loos,
son of Antigonus, who now obtained part of | ii. 1, vol. xii. pp.
tragic purposes, represents bim as alive and falling and Tab. viii. 3. )
in love with Antigone. When Polyneices, subse- 2. The daughter of Berenice by her first hus-
quently, who had been expelled by bis brother band Philip, and the wife of Pyrrhus. (Plut.
Eteocles, marched against Thebes (in the war of Pyrrh. 4. )
the Seven), and the two brothers had fallen in ANTIGOʻNIDAE, the descendants of Anti-
single combat, Creon, who now succeeded to the gonus, king of Asia. The following genealogical
throne, issued an edict forbidding, under heavy table of this family is taken from Droysen's Ges
penalties, the burial of their bodies. While every chichte der Nachfolger Alexanders.
Antigonus, died B. C. 301. Married Stratonice,
daughter of Corrhaeus.
Philip, died B. C. 306.
Demetrius I. (Poliorcetes), k. of Macedonian
Died B. C. 283. Married
1. Phila, d. of Antipater.
2. Eurydice, widow of Ophellas.
3. Deidameia, d. of Aeacides.
4. An Illyrian.
5. Ptolemais, d. of Ptolemy Soter.
6. Lamia, an Hetaira.
Corrabus.
Phila.
Antigonus Gonatas,
k. of Macedonia.
Died B. c. 239. Married
1. Phila, d. of Seleucus
Nicator.
2. Demo.
Stratonice.
Married
1. Scleucus.
2. Antiochus.
Demetrius,
of Cyrene.
Died B. c. 230.
Married Olympias
of Larissa.
a
## p. 187 (#207) ############################################
ANTIGONUS.
17
ANTIGONUS.
Halcyoneus.
Echecrates.
Demetrius II. , k. of
Macedonia. Died B. c. 229.
Married
1. Stratonice, d. of Antio
chus Soter.
2. Phthia, d. of Alexander,
the son of Pyrrhus.
Antigonus Doson, k. of
Macedonia. Died B. c. 221.
Married Phthin, the widow
of Demetrius II.
Antigonus.
Apama.
Philip V. king of Macedonia.
Died B. c. 179.
Perscus, k. of Macedonia.
Conquered by the Romans B. C. 168.
1
ANTI'GONUS ('Avriyovos), a Greek writer of Antigonus, and almost placed within his rench
on the history of Italy. (Fest. s. v. Romam ; the throne of Asia. Antipater had appointed Po-
Dionys. Hal. i. 6. ) It has been supposed that the lysperchon regent, to the exclusion of his own son
Antigonus mentioned by Plutarch (Romul. 17) is Cassander, who was dissatisfied with the arrange-
the same as the historian, but the saying there ment of his father, and ciaimed the regency for
quoted belongs to a king Antigonus, and not to the himself. He was supported by Antigonus, and
historian.
(L. S. ] their confederacy was soon afterwards joined by
ANTIGONUS ('Avriyovos), son of ALEX- Ptolemy. But they found a formidable rival in
ANDER, was sent by Perseus, king of Macedonia, Eumenes, who was appointed by Polysperchon to
as ambassador into Boeotia, in B. c. 172, and suc- the command of the troops in Asia. Antigonus
ceeded in inducing the towns of Coroneia, Thebes, commanded the troops of the confederates, and the
and Haliartus to remain faithful to the king. struggle between him and Eumenes lasted for two
(Polyb. xxvii. 5. )
(L. S. ) years. The scene of the first campaign (B. c. 318)
ANTIGONUS ('Artiqovos), of ALEXANDRIA, wis Asia Minor and Syria, of the second (B. c. 317)
a grammarian who is referred to by Erotian in his Persia and Media. The contest was at length
Prooemium and his Prenira. He is perhaps the terminated by a battle in Gabiene at the beginning
same person as the Antigonus of whom the Scho of B. c. 316, in which Eumenes was defeated. He
liast on Nicander speaks, and identical with Anti- was surrendered to Antigonus the next day through
gonus, the commentator of Hippocrates. (Erotian, the treachery of the Argyraspids, and was put to
p. 13. )
[L. S. ]
death by the conqueror.
ANTIGONUS ('Avriyovos ), king of Asia, Antigonus was now by far the most powerful of
surnamed the One-eyed (Lucian, Macrol. 11 ; Plut. Alexander's generals, and was by no means dis-
de Pueror. Educ. 14), was the son of Philip of posed to share with his allies the fruits of his vic-
Elymiotis. He was born about B. c. 382, and was tory. He began to dispose of the provinces as he
one of the generals of Alexander the Great, and in thought fit. He caused Pithon, a general of great
the division of the empire after his death (B. C. infiuence, to be brought before his council, and
323), he received the provinces of the Greater condemned to death on the charge of treachery,
Phrygia, Lycia, and Pamphylia. Perdiccas, who and executed several other officers who shewed
had been appointed regent, had formed the plan of symptoms of discontent. After taking possession
obtaining the sovereignty of the whole of Alex- of the inimense treasures collected at Ecbatana and
ander's dominions, and therefore resolved upon the Susa, he proceeded to Babylon, where he called
ruin of Antigonus, who was likely to stand in the upon Seleucus to account for the administration of
way of his ambitious projects. Perceiving the the revenues of this province. Such an account,
danger which threatened him, Antigonus fled with however, Seleucus refused to give, maintaining that
his son Demetrius to Antipater in Macedonia (321); he had received the province as a free gift from
but the death of Perdiccas in Egypt in the same Alexander's army; but, admonished by the recent
year put an end to the apprehensions of Antigonus. fate of Pithon, he thought it more prudent to get
Antipater was now declared regent; be restored to out of the reach of Antigonus, and accordingly left
Antigonus his former provinces with the addition Babylon secretly with a few horsemen, and tied to
of Suisiana, and gave him the commission of carry- Egypt.
ing on the war against Eumenes, who would not The ambitious projects and great power of Anti-
submit to the authority of the new regent. In gonus now led to a general coalition against him,
this war Antigonus was completely successful; he consisting of Seleucus, Ptolemy, Cassander, and
defeated Eumenes, and compelled him to take Lysimachus. The war began in the year 315,
refuge with a small body of troops in Nora, an and was carried on with great vehemence and al-
impregnable fortress on the confines of Lycaonia and ternate success in Syria, Phoenicia, Asia Minor,
Cappadocia ; and after leaving this place closely and Greece. After four years, all parties becaine
invested, he marched into Pisidia, and conquered exhausted with the struggle, and peace was accord-
Alcetas and Atualus, the only generals who still ingly made, in B. c. 311, on condition that the
held out agninst Antipater (u c. 320). (Alcetas. ] Greek cities should be free, that Cassander should
The death of Antipater in the following year retnin his authority in Europe till Alexander Al-
(B. C. 319) was favourable to the ambitious views | gus came of age, that Lysimachus and Pwlemy
## p. 188 (#208) ############################################
188
ANTIGONUS.
ANTIGONUS.
should keep possession of Thrace and Egypt re- chus, and endeavoured to force him to an engage-
spectively, and that Antigonus should have the ment before the arrival of Seleucus from upper
government of all Asia. The name of Seleucus, Asia. But in this he could not succeed, and the
strangely enough, does not appear in the treaty. campaign accordingly passed away without a bat-
This peace, however, did not last more than a tle. " (B. C. 302. ) During the winter, Seleucus
year. Ptolemy was the first to break it, under joined Lysimachus, and Demetrius came from
pretence that Antigonus had not restored to liberty Greece to the assistance of his father. The deci-
the Greek cities in Asia Minor, and accordingly sive battle took place in the following year (B. C.
sent a fleet to Cilicia to dislodge the garrisons of 301), near Ipsus in Phrygia. Antigonus fell in
Antigonus from the maritime towns. (B. C. 310. ) the battle, in the eighty-first year of his age, and
Ptolemy was at first successful, but was soon his army was completely defeated. Demetrius
deprived of all he had gained by the conquests escaped, but was unable to restore the fortunes of
of Demetrius (Poliorcetes), the son of Antigonus. his house. (DEMETRIUS. ) The dominions of
Meanwhile, howevur, the whole of Greece was in the Antigonus were divided between the conquerors :
power of Cassander, and Demetrius was therefore Lysimachus obtained the greater part of Asia
sent with a large fleet to effect a diversion in his Minor, and Seleucus the countries between the
father's favour. Demetrius met with little opposi- coast of Syria and the Euphrates, together with a
tion; he took possession of Athens in B. c. 307, part of Phrygia and Cappadocia. (Diod. lib. sviji. -
where he was received with the most extravagant xx. ; Plut. Eumenes and Demetrius ; Droveen,
flattery. He also obtained possession of Megara, Geschichte der Nachfolger Alexanders; Thirlwall's
and would probably have become master of the Greece, vol. vii. )
whole of Greece, if he had not been recalled by The head on the following coin of Antigonus,
his father to oppose Ptolemy, who had gained the Fröhlich supposes to be Neptune's, but Eckhel
island of Cyprus. The fleet of Demetrius met that thinks that it represents Dionysus, and that the
of Ptolemy off the city of Salamis in Cyprus, and coin was struck by Antigonus after his naval vic-
a battle ensued, which is one of the most memora- tory off Cyprus, in order to shew that he should
ble of the naval engagements of antiquity.
Pto- subdue all his enemies, as Dionysus had conquered
lemy was entirely defeated (B. C. 306), and Anti- his in India. (Eckhel, vol. ii. p. 118. )
gonus assumed in consequence the title of king,
and the diadem, the symbol of royal power in
Persia. He also conferred the same title upon
Demetrius, between whom and his father the most
cordial friendship and unanimity always prevailed.
The example of Antigonus was followed by Prole-
my, Lysimachus, and Seleucus, who are from this
BALIATA.
time designated as kings. The city of Antigoneia
AKTISK
on the Orontes in Syria was founded by Antigonus
in the preceding year (B. C. 307).
Antigonus thought that the time had now come
for crushing Ptolemy. He accordingly invaded ANTIGONUS ('Artlyovos), of CARYSTUS, is
Egypt with a large force, but his invasion was as supposed by some to have lived in the reign of
unsuccessful as Cassander's had been : he was Ptolemaeus Philadelphus, and by others in that of
obliged to retire with great loss. (B. C. 306. ) He Euergetes. Respecting his life nothing is known,
next sent Demetrius to besiege Rhodes, which had but we possess by him a work called iotopu. Dv
refused to assist him against Ptolemy, and had tapadówv ovvaywyn' (Historiae Mirabiles), which
hitherto remained neutral. Although Demetrius consists for the most part of extracts from the
made the most extraordinary efforts to reduce the “ Auscultationes” attributed to Aristotle, and from
place, he was completely baffled by the energy and similar works of Callimachus, Timaeus, and others
perseverance of the besieged ; and was therefore which are now lost. It is only the circumstance
glad, at the end of a year's siege, to make peace that he has thus preserved extracts from other and
with the Rhodians on terms very favourable to the better works, that gives any value to this compila-
latter. (B. C. 304. ) While Demetrius was engaged tion of strange stories, which is evidently made
against Rhodes, Cassander had recovered his for- without skill or judgment. It was first edited,
mer power in Greece, and this was one reason together with Antoninus Liberalis, by Xylander,
that made Antigonus anxious that his son should Basel, 1568, 8vo. The best editions are those of
make peace with the Rhodians. Demetrius crossed Meursius, Lugd. Bat. 1619, 4to. , and of J. Beck-
over into Greece, and after gaining possession of mann, Leipzig, 1791, 4to. Antigonus also wrote
the principal cities without much difficulty, col- an epic poem entitled 'Avrimatpos, of which two
lected an assembly of deputies at Corinth (B. c. lines are preserved in Athenaeus. (iii. p. 82. ) The
303), which conferred upon him the same title Anthologia Graeca (ix. 406) contains an epigram
that had formerly been bestowed upon Philip and of Antigonus.
[L. S. ]
Alexander. He now prepared to march north- ANTIGONUS ('Avriyovos), of CUMAE, in
wards against Cassander, who, alarmed at his dan- | Asia Minor, a Greek writer on agriculture, who is
gerous position, sent proposals of peace to Antigo- referred to by Pliny (Elench. libb. viii. xiv. xv.
nus. The proud answer was, “ Cassander must xvii. ), Varro (De Re Rust. i. 1), and Columella (i.
yield to the pleasure of Antigonus. ” But Cassan- | 1), but whose age is unknown. [L. S. ]
der had not sunk so low as this: he sent ambas- ANTIGONUS DOSON ('Αντίγονος Δώσων),
Badors to Seleucus and Ptolemy for assistance, and so called because it was said he was always about
induced Lysimachus to invade Asia Minor in order to give but never did, was the son of Olympias of
to make an immediate diversion in his favour. Larissa and Demetrius of Cyrene, who ivas a son
Antigonus proceeded in person to oppose Lysima- of Demetrius Poliorcetes and a brother of Antigo-
66
:
## p. 189 (#209) ############################################
ANTIGONUS.
189
ANTIGONUS.
ENTINY
VVF54
nus Gonatas. (ANTIGONIDAE. ) On the death subsequently attempted to prevent the formation
of Demetrius II. , B. C. 229, Antigonus was ap- of the Achacan league, and died in B. c. 239, at
pointed guardian of his son Philip, whence he the age of eighty, after a reign of forty-four yenrs.
was sometimes designated by the surname 'Emí. He was succeeded by Demetrius II. (Plut. Demetr.
TPOTOS. (Athen. vi. p. 251, d. ; Liv. xl. 54. ) 51, Pyrrhus, 26; Justin, xxiv. 1, xxv. 1--3,
He married the widow of Demetrius, and almost xxvi. 2 ; Polyb. ii. 43, &c. ; Lucian, Macrob. c. 1];
immediately afterwards assumed the crown in Niebuhr, Kleinc Schriften, p. 227, &c. ) Antigonus'
his own right. At the commencement of his surname Gonatas is usually derived from Gonnos
reign be was engaged in wars against the bar. or Gonni in Thessaly, which is supposed to have
barians on the borders of Macedonia, but after- | been the place of his birth or education. Niebuhr
wards took an active part in the affairs of Greece. (l. c. ), however, remarks, that Thessaly did not
He supported Aratus and the Achaean lengue come into his father's possession till Antigonus
against Cleomenes, king of Sparta, and the Acto- had grown up, and he thinks that Gonatas is a
lians, and was completely successful. He defeated Macedonian word, the same as the Romaic yovatas,
Cleomenes, and took Sparta, but was recalled to which signifies an iron plate protecting the knee,
Macedonia by an invasion of the Illyrians. He and that Antigonus obiained this surname from
defeated the Illyrians, and died in the same year wearing such a piece of defensive armour.
(B. C. 220), after a reign of nine years. Polybius
speaks favourably of his character, and commends
him for his wisdom and moderation. He was suc-
ceeded by Philip. V. (Justin, xxvii. 3, 4; Plut.
Arat. and Cleom. ; Polyb. ii. 45, &c. , 70; Niebuhr,
Kleine Schriften, p. 232, &c. ) [ARATUS; CLEO-
MENES. )
ANTIGONUS ('Artímovos), son of ECHEC-
RATES, the brother of Antigonus Doson, revealed
COIN OP ANTIGONUS GONATAS.
to Philip V. , king of Macedonia, a few months ANTIGONUS ('Avrigovos), king of JUDAEA,
before bis death, B. c. 179, the false accusations of the son of Aristobulus II. and the last of the Mac-
his son Perseus against his other son Demetrius, cabees who sat on the royal throne. After his fa-
in consequence of which Philip had put the latter ther had been put to death by Pompey's party,
to death. Indignant at the conduct of Perseus, Antigonus was driven out of Judaea by Antipater
Philip appointed Antigonus his successor ; but on and his sons, but was not able to obtain any assist-
his death Perseus obtained possession of the throne, ance from Caesar's party. He was at length re-
and caused Antigonus to be killed. (Liv. xl. 54- stored to the throne by the Parthians in B. C. 40.
58. )
Herod, the son of Antipater, fied to Rome, and
ANTIÖGONUS GOʻNATAS ('Avrigovos ra obtained from the Romans the title of king of
vatas), son of Demetrius Poliorcetes and Phila Judaea, through the influence of Antony. Herod
(the daughter of Antipater), and grandson of An- now marched against Antigonus, whom he defeated,
tigonus, king of Asia. (ANTIGONIDAE. ) When and took Jerusalem, with the assistance of the Roman
his father Demetrius was driven out of Mace | general Sosius, after a long and obstinate siege.
donia by Pyrrhus, in B. C. 287, and crossed Antigonus surrendered himself to Sosius, who hand-
over into Asia, Antigonus remained in Pelopon- ed him over to Antony. Antony had him executed
nesus; but he did not assume the title of at Antioch as a common malefactor in B. C. 37.
king of Macedonia till after his father's death (Joseph. Antiq. xiv. 13-16, B. J. i. 13, 14; Dion
in Asia in B. c. 283. It was some years, how- Cass. xlix. 22. Respecting the difference in chro-
ever, before he obtained possession of his pa-nology between Josephus and Dion Cassius, see
ternal dominions. Pyrrhus was deprived of the Wernsdorf, de File Librorum Maccal. p. 24, and
kingdom by Lysimachus (B. c. 286); Lysimachus Ideler, Chronol. ii. p. 389, &c. )
was succeeded by Seleucus (280), who was mur. ANTI'GONUS ('Avriyovos), a writer on PAINT-
dered by Ptolemy Ceraunus. Ceraunus shortly ING, mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius (vii. 12), is
after fell in battle against the Gauls, and during perhaps the same as the sculptor, whom we know
the next three years there was a succession of to have written on statuary.
(P. S. )
claimants to the throne. Antigonus at last ob- ANTIGONUS, a general of Perseus in the
tained possession of the kingdom in 277, notwith- war with the Romans, was sent to Aenia to guard
standing the opposition of Antiochus, the son of the coast. (Liv. xliv. 26, 32. )
Seleucus, who laid claim to the crown in virtue of ANTI'GONUS, a Greek SCULPTOR, and an
his father's conquests. But he withdrew his eminent writer upon his art, was one of the artists
claim on the marriage of his half-sister, Phila, who represented the battles of Attalus and Eumenes
with Antigonus. He subsequently defeated the against the Gauls. (Plin. xxxiv. 19. $ 24. ) He
Gauls, and continued in possession of his king-lived, therefore, about 239 B. C. , when Attalus I. ,
dom till the return of Pyrrhus from Italy in 273, king of Pergamus, conquered the Gauls. A little
who deprived him of the whole of Macedonia, further on, Pliny (s 26) says, “ Antigonus et pe-
with the exception of a few places. He recovered rixyomenon, tyrannicidasque supra dictos," where
his dominions in the following year (272) on the one of the best MSS. has “Antignotus et luctatores,
death of Pyrrhus at Argos, but was again de perixvomenon," &c.
[P. S. )
prived of them by Alexander, the son of Pyrrhus. ANTIGONUS ('Artlyovos), a Greek army
Alexander, however, did not retain possession Surgeon, mentioned by Galen, who must therefore
of the country long, and was compelled to retire have lived in or before the second century after
by the conquests of Demetrius, the brother or Christ. (Galen, De Compos. Medicam. sec. Loos,
son of Antigonus, who now obtained part of | ii. 1, vol. xii. pp.
