)
or a Christian, and, from his frequently prescribing ALEXANDER ZEBINA or ZĀBINAS
swine's flesh, it is most probable that he was a ('Alézavopos Zalivas), the son of a merchant
Christian.
or a Christian, and, from his frequently prescribing ALEXANDER ZEBINA or ZĀBINAS
swine's flesh, it is most probable that he was a ('Alézavopos Zalivas), the son of a merchant
Christian.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
) Yet, Alexander, however, did not continue in the faith
in the very same year, we find him renouncing his of his ancestors, and was rewarded for his apostacy
alliance with Antigonus, and bribed by the title of by various public appointments. In the reign of
governor of the Peloponnesus to reconcile himself to Claudius he succeeded Fadius as procurator of
Cassander. (Diod. xix. 64. )
Judaea, about A. D. 46, and was promoted to the
In the ensuing year, 314, we read of him as en- equestrian order. He was subsequently appointed
gaged for Cassander in the siege of Cyllene, which by Nero procurator of Egypt; and by his orders
however was raised by Aristodemus and his 50,000 Jews were slain on one occasion at Alex-
Aetolian auxiliaries. After the return of Aristo- andria in a tumult in the city. It was apparently
demus to Aetolia, the citizens of Dyme, in Achaia, during his government in Egypt that he accom-
having besieged the citadel, which was occupied by panied Corbulo in his expedition into Amenin,
one of Cassander's garrisons, Alexander forced his A. D. 64; and he was in this campaign given as
way into the city, and made himself master of it, one of the hostages to secure the safety of Tiridates,
punishing the adverse party with death, imprison- when the latter visited the Roman camp. Alex-
ment, or exile. (Diod. xix. 66. ) Very soon after ander was the first Roman governor who declared
this he was murdered at Sicyon by Alexion, a in favour of Vespasian ; and the day on which he
Sicyonian, leaving the command of his forces to administered the oath to the legions in the name of
one who proved herself fully adequate to the task, Vespasian, the Kalends of July, d. D. 69, is re-
- his wife Cratesipolis. (B. C. 314, Diod. xix. garded as the beginning of that emperor's reign.
[E. E. ] Alexander afterwards accompanied Titus in the war
ÁLEXANDER ('Alétavopos), a Rhodian. In against Judaea, and was present at the taking
the war against Cassius he was at the head of the of Jerusalem. (Joseph. Ant. Jud. xx. 4. § 2;
popular party, and was raised to the office of pry- Bell. Jud. ii. 11. $ 6, 15. § 1, 18. $ 7, 8, iv. 10.
tanis, B. C. 43. (Appian, de Bell. Civ. iv. 66. ) But $ 6, vi. 4. & 3; Tac. Ann. xv. 28, Hist. i. 11, ii.
soon after, he and the Rhodian admiral, Mnaseas, 74, 79; Suet. Vesp. 6. )
were defeated by Cassius in a sea-fight off Cnidus. ALEXANDER TRALLIA'NUS('Anffardpos
(Appian, de Beł. Civ. iv. 71. ) [L. S. ] ó Tparliavos), one of the most eminent of the an-
ALEXANDER (ST. ), bishop of ROME, A. D. cient physicians, was born at Tralles, a city of
109–119. (Euseb. Hist. Eccl. iv. 4. ) There are Lydia, from whence he derives his name. His
three Epistles falsely ascribed to him by Isidore date may safely be put in the sixth century after
Mercator, as well as a decree, according to Gratian. Christ, for he mentions Aëtius (xii. 8, p. 346),
(Mansi, Concilia. vol. i. pp. 643–647. ) Heracleon who probably did not write till the end of the
is said (in the book Praedestinalus, ap. Sirmond. fifth or the beginning of the sixth century, and
Opp. vol. i. p. 470) to have broached his heresy in he is himself quoted by Paulus Aegineta (ui. 28,
Sicily in the time of St. Alexander, and to have 78, vii. 5, 11, 19, pp. 447, 495, 650, 660, 687),
been confuted by him. But Heracleon was not, who is supposed to have lived in the seventh ; be
perhaps, yet born.
[A. J. C. ] sides which, he is mentioned as a contemporary by
ALEXANDER, who assumed the title of EM- Agathias (Hist. v. p. 149), who set about writing
PEROR OF Rome in A. D. 311, was, according to some his History in the beginning of the reign of Justin
accounts, a Phrygian, and according to others a the younger, about A. D. 565. He had the ad-
Pannonian. He was appointed by Maxentius vantage of being brought up under his father,
governor of Africa, but discovering that Maxen-Stephanus, who was himself a physician (iv, ,
67. )
## p. 127 (#147) ############################################
ALEXANDER
127
ALEXANDER.
1
p. 198), and also under another person, whose work of Alexander's that is still extant is a short
name he does not mention, but to whose son treatise, Niepl 'Expivowv, De Lumbricis, which wns
Cosmas he dedicates his chief work (xii. i. p. 313), first published in Greek and Latin by Hieron. Mer-
which be wrote out of gratitude at his request. curialis, Venet. 1570, 4to. It is also inserted in his
He was a man of an extensive practice, of a very work De Morbis Puerorum, Francof. 1584, 8vo. , and
long experience, and of great reputation, not only in the twelfth volume of the old edition of Fabricius,
at Rome, but wherever he travelled in Spain, Bibliotheca Graeca ; the Latin translation alone is
Gaul, and Italy (i. 15, pp. 156, 157), whence he included in Haller's Collection mentioned above.
was called by way of eminence“ Alexander the An Arabic translation is mentioned by Dr. Sprenger
Physician. " Agathias speaks also with great praise in his dissertation De Originibus Medicinae Arabi-
of his four brothers, Anthemius, Dioscorus, Metro cae sub Khalifatu, Lugd. Bat. 1840, 8vo. ; and
dorus, and Olympius, who were all eminent in their also by J. G. Wenrich, De Auctorum Graecorum
several professions. Alexander is not a mere com- Versionibus et Commentariis Syriacis, Arabicis,
piler, like Aëtius, Oribasius, and others, but is an Armeniacis, Persicisque, Lips. 1842, 8vo.
author of quite a different stamp, and has more the Alexander seems also to have written several
air of an original writer. He wrote his great work other medical works which are now lost. He ex-
(as he tells us himself, xii. 1, p. 313) in an extreme presses his intention of writing a book on Fractures,
old age, from the results of his own experience, and also on Wounds of the Head. A treatise on
when he could no longer bear the fatigue of prac- Urine written by him is alluded to by Joannes
tice. His style in the main, says Freind, is very Actuarius (De Ürin. Differ. c. 2. p. 43), and he
good, short, clear, and (to use his own term, xii. i, himself mentions a work of his on Diseases of the
p. 313) consisting of common expressions ; and Eyes, which was translated into Arabic. (Sprenger,
though' (through a mixture of some foreign words Wenrich, 1. c. ) The other medical treatise on Pleu-
occasioned perhaps by his travels) not always per- risy, which is said to have been also translated into
fectly elegant, yet very expressive and intelligible. Arabic, was probably only the sixth book of his
Fabricius considers Alexander to have belonged to. great work, which is entirely devoted to the con-
the sect of the Methodici, but in the opinion of sideration of this disease. A very full account of
Freind this is not proved sufficiently by the pas the life and works of Alexander Trallianus was
sages adduced.
The weakest and most curious published at London, 1734, 8vo. , by Edward Mil-
part of his practice appears to be his belief in ward, M. D. , entitled “Trallianus Reviviscens ; or,
charms and amulets, some of which may be quoted an Account of Alexander Trallian, one of the Greek
as specimens. For a quotidian ague, “ Gather Writers that flourished after Galen : shewing that
an olive leaf before sun-rise, write on it with com- these Authors are far from deserving the imputa-
mon ink na, pov, and hang it round the neck" tion of mere compilers,” &c. Two other medical
(xii. 7, p. 339); for the gout, “ Write on a thin works which are sometimes attributed to Alexander
plate of gold, during the waning of the moon, pei, Trallianus (viz. a Collection of Medical and Pbysi-
θρεύ, μόρ, φόρ, τεύξ, ζά, ζών, θέ, λού, χρί, γέ, ζέ, | cal Problems, and a treatise on Fevers) are noticed
wy, and wear it round the ankles; pronouncing also under ALEXANDER APHRODISIENSIS. (Freind's
iás, dfuo, fúer, Ipeve, Balv, xwak" (xi. 1, p. 313), Hist. of Physic, whose words have been sometimes
or else this verse of Homer (N. B. 95),
borrowed ; Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. vol. xii. p. 593,
Τετρήχει δ' αγoρή, υπό δ' έστoναχίζετο γαία, sq. ed. vet. ; Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinae Practi-
while the moon is in Libra; but it is much better cae, tom. i. ; Sprengel, Hist. de la Méd. tom. ii. ;
if she should be in Leo. " (Ibid. ) In exorcising Isensee, Geschichte der Medicin ; Choulant, Hand-
the gout (ibid. p. 314) he says, “ 1 adjure thee by buch der Bücherkunde für die Aeltere Medicin. )
the great name 'law Labaud," that is, Jim
(W. A. G. ]
ALEXANDER ('Aréav pos), of TRICHONIUM
nixy, and a little further on, “ I adjure thee in Aetolia, was commander of the Aetolians in
by the holy, names 'law, Zabawb, 'Adwvat, 'Elwi," B. c. 218 and 219. He attacked the rear of the
the attempt was unsuccessful, and many Aetolians
which he would appear to bave been either a Jew fell. (Polyb. v. 13. )
(L. S.
)
or a Christian, and, from his frequently prescribing ALEXANDER ZEBINA or ZĀBINAS
swine's flesh, it is most probable that he was a ('Alézavopos Zalivas), the son of a merchant
Christian. His chief work, entitled Bobría 'latpind named Protarchus, was set up by Ptolemy Physcon,
Avovaidena, Libri Duodecim de Re Medica, first king of Egypt, as a pretender to the crown of the
appeared in an old, barbarous, and imperfect Latin Greek kingdom of Syria shortly after the death of
translation, with the title Alerandri Yatros Prac Antiochus Sidetes and the return of Demetrius
tican gc. , Lugd. 1504, 4to. , which was several times Nicator from his captivity among the Parthians.
reprinted, and corrected and amended by Albanus (B. c. 128. ) Antioch, A pames, and several other
Torinus, Basil
. 1533, fol. It was first edited in cities, disgusted with the tyranny of Demetrius,
Greek by Jac. Goupylus, Par. 1548, fol. , a beauti- acknowledged the authority of Alexander, who
ful and scarce edition, containing also Rhazae de pretended to have been adopted by Antiochus
Pestilentia Libellus ex Syrorum Lingua in Graecam Sidetes ; but he never succeeded in obtaining
translatus. It was published in Greek with a new power over the whole of Syria. In the earlier
Latin translation by Jo. Guinterus Andernacus, part of the year 125 he defeated Demetrius, who
Basil. 1556, 8vo. , which is a rare and valuable fled to Tyre and was there killed; but in the mid-
edition. Quinter's translation has been several dle of the same year Alexander's patron, the king
times reprinted, and is inserted by H. Stephens in of Egypt, set up against him Antiochus Grypus, a
his Medicae Artis Principes, Paris, 1567, fol. ; it son of Demetrius, by whom he was defeated in
also forms part of Haller's Collection of Medical battle. Alexander Aed to Antioch, where he
Writers, Lausann. 1772, 8vo. 2 vols. The other attempted to plunder the temple of Jupiter, in order
that is, TN TN DIN Zx virt: from
:
:
## p. 128 (#148) ############################################
128
ALEXIAS.
ALEXIS.
MEANAP
p. 164. )
BAZIAENE
to pay his troops ; but the people rose against him | Plant. ix. 16. & 8), and speaks highly of his abili
and drove him out of the city. He soon fell into ties and acquirements,
[W. A. G. )
the hands of robbers, who delivered him up to ALEXI'CACUS ('Aležikaxos), the averter of
Antiochus, by whom he was put to death, B. c. 122. evil, is a surname given by the Greeks to several
He was weak and effeminate, but sometimes gene- deities, as—Zeus (Orph. De Lapid. Prooem. i. ). —
rous. His surname, Zebina, which means “a to Apollo, who was worshipped under this name
purchased slave," was applied to him as a term of by the Athenians, because he was believed to have
reproach, from a report that he had been bought stopped the plague which raged at Athens in the
by Ptolemy as a slave. Several of his coins are time of the Peloponnesian war (Paus. i. 3. § 3,
extant. In the one figured below Jupiter is re viii. 41. 8 5),—and to Heracles. (Lactant v. 3. )
presented on the reverse, holding in the right hand
(L. S. ]
a small image of victory.
ALEXICLES (AN EELKAñs), an Athenian gene
(Justin. xxxix. 1,2; Joseph. Antiq. xiii. 9, 10; ral, who belonged to the oligarchial or Lacedaemo-
Clinton, Fasti, iii. p. 334. )
[P. S. ) nian party at Athens. After the revolution of R. C.
411, he and several of his friends quitted the city
and went to their friends at Deceleia. But he was
afterwards made prisoner in Peiraeeus, and sen-
tenced to death for his participation in the guilt of
Phrynichus. (Thucyd. viii. 92 ; Lycurg. in Leocr.
(L. S. ]
ALEXICRATES("Aleğimpátos),a Pythagorean
philosopher who lived at the time of Plutarch, and
whose disciples continued to observe the ancient
diet of the Pythagoreans, abstaining from fish alto-
gether. (Plut. Sympos. viii. p. 728. ) Another
person of this name occurs in Plutarch, Pyrrh. 5. )
(L. S. )
ALEXANDRA. (CASSANDRA. ]
ALE'XIDA ('Aneži8n), a daughter of Amphi-
ALEXANDRIDES ('Alexavdpíðns) of Delphi, arans, from whom certain divinities called Elasii
a Greek historian of uncertain date. If we may ( 'Endolom, i. e. the averters of epileptic fits) were
judge from the subjects on which his history is believed to be descended. (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 23. )
quoted as an authority, it would seem that his
[L. S. ]
work was a history of Delphi. (Plut. Lysand. 18; ALEXI'NUS ('Aletivos), a philosopher of the
Schol. ad Eurip. Alcest. 1, where undoubtedly the Dialectic or Megarian school and a disciple of Eu-
same person is meant, though the MS. reading is bulides [EUCLIDES), from his eristic propensities
Anaxandrides ; Schol. ad Aristoph. Plut. 926. ) facetiously named 'Encyživos, who lived about the
[L. S. ] beginning of the third century before Christ. He
ALEX A'NOR (Aretávwp), a son of Machaon, was a native of Elis, and a contemporary of Zeno.
and grandson of Aesculapius, who built to his sire From Elis he went to Olympia, in the vain hope,
a temple at Titane in the territory of Sicyon. He it is said, of founding a sect which might be called
himself too was worshipped there, and sacrifices the Olympian ; but his disciples soon became dis-
were offered to bim after sunset only. (Paus. ii. gusted with the unhealthiness of the place and
23. $ 4, 11. § 6, &c. )
[L. S. ] their scanty means of subsistence, and left him
ALEXARCHUS' ('Arégapxos), a Greek his with a single attendant. None of his doctrines
torian, who wrote a work on the history of Italy have been preserved to us, but from the brief men-
('Italıká), of which Plutarch (Parallel. 7) quotes tion made of him by Cicero (Acad. ii. 24), he
the third book. Servius (ad Aen. iii. 334) men seems to have dealt in sophistical puzzles, like
tions an opinion of his respecting the origin of the the rest of his sect. Athenaeus (xv. p. 696, e. )
names Epeirus and Campania, which unquestion- mentions a paean which he wrote in honour of
ably belonged to his work on Italy. The writer Craterus, the Macedonian, and which was sung at
of this name, whom Plutarch mentions in another Delphi to the sound of the lyre. Alexinus also
passage (De Is. et Os. p. 365), is probably a different wrote against Zeno, whose professed antagonist he
person.
[L. S. ] was, and against Ephorus the historian. Diogenes
ALEXARCHUS ('Anétapxos). 1. A brother Laertius has preserved some lines on his death,
of Cassander of Macedonia, who is mentioned as which was occasioned by his being pierced with
the founder of a town called Uranopolis, the site a reed while swimming in the Alpheus. (Diog.
of which is unknown. Here he is said to bave Laert. ii. 109, 110. )
[B. J. ]
introduced a number of words of his own coinage, ALEʻXION, an ancient physician, who was pro-
which, though very expressive, appear to have bably (judging from his name) a native of Greece ;
been regarded as a kind of slang. (Athen. iii
. p. 98. ) he was a friend of Cicero, who praises his medical
2. A Corinthian, who, while the Lacedaemo skill, and deeply laments his sudden death, B. Co
nians were fortifying Deceleia in Attica, B. C. 413, 44. (Ad Att. vii. 2, xiii
. 25, xv. 1. d 2. ) [W. A. G. )
and were sending an expedition to Sicily, was ALEXI'PPUS ('ANÉLITTOS), an ancient Greek
entrusted with the command of 600 hoplites, with physician, who is mentioned by Plutarch (Aler,
whom he joined the Sicilian expedition. (Thucyd. c. 41) as having received a letter from Alexander
vü. 19. )
[L. S. ]
himself, to thank him for having cured Peucestas,
ALE'XIAS ('Alegías), an ancient Greek physi- one of his officers, of an illness, probably about B. C.
cian, who was a pupil of Thrasyas of Mantinea, 327.
[W. A. G. ]
and lived probably about the middle of the fourth ALEXIS ('Alelis). 1. A comic poet, born at
century before Christ. Theophrastus mentions Thurii, in Magna Graecia (Suidas s. v. "An. ), but
him as having lived shortly before his time (Hist. I admitted subsequently to the privileges of an
## p. 129 (#149) ############################################
ALEXIS.
129
ALEXIS.
1
Athenian citizen, and enrolled in the deme Olov, ALEXIS ("Aletis), a sculptor and statuary,
belonging to the tribe Leontis. (Steph. Byz.
in the very same year, we find him renouncing his of his ancestors, and was rewarded for his apostacy
alliance with Antigonus, and bribed by the title of by various public appointments. In the reign of
governor of the Peloponnesus to reconcile himself to Claudius he succeeded Fadius as procurator of
Cassander. (Diod. xix. 64. )
Judaea, about A. D. 46, and was promoted to the
In the ensuing year, 314, we read of him as en- equestrian order. He was subsequently appointed
gaged for Cassander in the siege of Cyllene, which by Nero procurator of Egypt; and by his orders
however was raised by Aristodemus and his 50,000 Jews were slain on one occasion at Alex-
Aetolian auxiliaries. After the return of Aristo- andria in a tumult in the city. It was apparently
demus to Aetolia, the citizens of Dyme, in Achaia, during his government in Egypt that he accom-
having besieged the citadel, which was occupied by panied Corbulo in his expedition into Amenin,
one of Cassander's garrisons, Alexander forced his A. D. 64; and he was in this campaign given as
way into the city, and made himself master of it, one of the hostages to secure the safety of Tiridates,
punishing the adverse party with death, imprison- when the latter visited the Roman camp. Alex-
ment, or exile. (Diod. xix. 66. ) Very soon after ander was the first Roman governor who declared
this he was murdered at Sicyon by Alexion, a in favour of Vespasian ; and the day on which he
Sicyonian, leaving the command of his forces to administered the oath to the legions in the name of
one who proved herself fully adequate to the task, Vespasian, the Kalends of July, d. D. 69, is re-
- his wife Cratesipolis. (B. C. 314, Diod. xix. garded as the beginning of that emperor's reign.
[E. E. ] Alexander afterwards accompanied Titus in the war
ÁLEXANDER ('Alétavopos), a Rhodian. In against Judaea, and was present at the taking
the war against Cassius he was at the head of the of Jerusalem. (Joseph. Ant. Jud. xx. 4. § 2;
popular party, and was raised to the office of pry- Bell. Jud. ii. 11. $ 6, 15. § 1, 18. $ 7, 8, iv. 10.
tanis, B. C. 43. (Appian, de Bell. Civ. iv. 66. ) But $ 6, vi. 4. & 3; Tac. Ann. xv. 28, Hist. i. 11, ii.
soon after, he and the Rhodian admiral, Mnaseas, 74, 79; Suet. Vesp. 6. )
were defeated by Cassius in a sea-fight off Cnidus. ALEXANDER TRALLIA'NUS('Anffardpos
(Appian, de Beł. Civ. iv. 71. ) [L. S. ] ó Tparliavos), one of the most eminent of the an-
ALEXANDER (ST. ), bishop of ROME, A. D. cient physicians, was born at Tralles, a city of
109–119. (Euseb. Hist. Eccl. iv. 4. ) There are Lydia, from whence he derives his name. His
three Epistles falsely ascribed to him by Isidore date may safely be put in the sixth century after
Mercator, as well as a decree, according to Gratian. Christ, for he mentions Aëtius (xii. 8, p. 346),
(Mansi, Concilia. vol. i. pp. 643–647. ) Heracleon who probably did not write till the end of the
is said (in the book Praedestinalus, ap. Sirmond. fifth or the beginning of the sixth century, and
Opp. vol. i. p. 470) to have broached his heresy in he is himself quoted by Paulus Aegineta (ui. 28,
Sicily in the time of St. Alexander, and to have 78, vii. 5, 11, 19, pp. 447, 495, 650, 660, 687),
been confuted by him. But Heracleon was not, who is supposed to have lived in the seventh ; be
perhaps, yet born.
[A. J. C. ] sides which, he is mentioned as a contemporary by
ALEXANDER, who assumed the title of EM- Agathias (Hist. v. p. 149), who set about writing
PEROR OF Rome in A. D. 311, was, according to some his History in the beginning of the reign of Justin
accounts, a Phrygian, and according to others a the younger, about A. D. 565. He had the ad-
Pannonian. He was appointed by Maxentius vantage of being brought up under his father,
governor of Africa, but discovering that Maxen-Stephanus, who was himself a physician (iv, ,
67. )
## p. 127 (#147) ############################################
ALEXANDER
127
ALEXANDER.
1
p. 198), and also under another person, whose work of Alexander's that is still extant is a short
name he does not mention, but to whose son treatise, Niepl 'Expivowv, De Lumbricis, which wns
Cosmas he dedicates his chief work (xii. i. p. 313), first published in Greek and Latin by Hieron. Mer-
which be wrote out of gratitude at his request. curialis, Venet. 1570, 4to. It is also inserted in his
He was a man of an extensive practice, of a very work De Morbis Puerorum, Francof. 1584, 8vo. , and
long experience, and of great reputation, not only in the twelfth volume of the old edition of Fabricius,
at Rome, but wherever he travelled in Spain, Bibliotheca Graeca ; the Latin translation alone is
Gaul, and Italy (i. 15, pp. 156, 157), whence he included in Haller's Collection mentioned above.
was called by way of eminence“ Alexander the An Arabic translation is mentioned by Dr. Sprenger
Physician. " Agathias speaks also with great praise in his dissertation De Originibus Medicinae Arabi-
of his four brothers, Anthemius, Dioscorus, Metro cae sub Khalifatu, Lugd. Bat. 1840, 8vo. ; and
dorus, and Olympius, who were all eminent in their also by J. G. Wenrich, De Auctorum Graecorum
several professions. Alexander is not a mere com- Versionibus et Commentariis Syriacis, Arabicis,
piler, like Aëtius, Oribasius, and others, but is an Armeniacis, Persicisque, Lips. 1842, 8vo.
author of quite a different stamp, and has more the Alexander seems also to have written several
air of an original writer. He wrote his great work other medical works which are now lost. He ex-
(as he tells us himself, xii. 1, p. 313) in an extreme presses his intention of writing a book on Fractures,
old age, from the results of his own experience, and also on Wounds of the Head. A treatise on
when he could no longer bear the fatigue of prac- Urine written by him is alluded to by Joannes
tice. His style in the main, says Freind, is very Actuarius (De Ürin. Differ. c. 2. p. 43), and he
good, short, clear, and (to use his own term, xii. i, himself mentions a work of his on Diseases of the
p. 313) consisting of common expressions ; and Eyes, which was translated into Arabic. (Sprenger,
though' (through a mixture of some foreign words Wenrich, 1. c. ) The other medical treatise on Pleu-
occasioned perhaps by his travels) not always per- risy, which is said to have been also translated into
fectly elegant, yet very expressive and intelligible. Arabic, was probably only the sixth book of his
Fabricius considers Alexander to have belonged to. great work, which is entirely devoted to the con-
the sect of the Methodici, but in the opinion of sideration of this disease. A very full account of
Freind this is not proved sufficiently by the pas the life and works of Alexander Trallianus was
sages adduced.
The weakest and most curious published at London, 1734, 8vo. , by Edward Mil-
part of his practice appears to be his belief in ward, M. D. , entitled “Trallianus Reviviscens ; or,
charms and amulets, some of which may be quoted an Account of Alexander Trallian, one of the Greek
as specimens. For a quotidian ague, “ Gather Writers that flourished after Galen : shewing that
an olive leaf before sun-rise, write on it with com- these Authors are far from deserving the imputa-
mon ink na, pov, and hang it round the neck" tion of mere compilers,” &c. Two other medical
(xii. 7, p. 339); for the gout, “ Write on a thin works which are sometimes attributed to Alexander
plate of gold, during the waning of the moon, pei, Trallianus (viz. a Collection of Medical and Pbysi-
θρεύ, μόρ, φόρ, τεύξ, ζά, ζών, θέ, λού, χρί, γέ, ζέ, | cal Problems, and a treatise on Fevers) are noticed
wy, and wear it round the ankles; pronouncing also under ALEXANDER APHRODISIENSIS. (Freind's
iás, dfuo, fúer, Ipeve, Balv, xwak" (xi. 1, p. 313), Hist. of Physic, whose words have been sometimes
or else this verse of Homer (N. B. 95),
borrowed ; Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. vol. xii. p. 593,
Τετρήχει δ' αγoρή, υπό δ' έστoναχίζετο γαία, sq. ed. vet. ; Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinae Practi-
while the moon is in Libra; but it is much better cae, tom. i. ; Sprengel, Hist. de la Méd. tom. ii. ;
if she should be in Leo. " (Ibid. ) In exorcising Isensee, Geschichte der Medicin ; Choulant, Hand-
the gout (ibid. p. 314) he says, “ 1 adjure thee by buch der Bücherkunde für die Aeltere Medicin. )
the great name 'law Labaud," that is, Jim
(W. A. G. ]
ALEXANDER ('Aréav pos), of TRICHONIUM
nixy, and a little further on, “ I adjure thee in Aetolia, was commander of the Aetolians in
by the holy, names 'law, Zabawb, 'Adwvat, 'Elwi," B. c. 218 and 219. He attacked the rear of the
the attempt was unsuccessful, and many Aetolians
which he would appear to bave been either a Jew fell. (Polyb. v. 13. )
(L. S.
)
or a Christian, and, from his frequently prescribing ALEXANDER ZEBINA or ZĀBINAS
swine's flesh, it is most probable that he was a ('Alézavopos Zalivas), the son of a merchant
Christian. His chief work, entitled Bobría 'latpind named Protarchus, was set up by Ptolemy Physcon,
Avovaidena, Libri Duodecim de Re Medica, first king of Egypt, as a pretender to the crown of the
appeared in an old, barbarous, and imperfect Latin Greek kingdom of Syria shortly after the death of
translation, with the title Alerandri Yatros Prac Antiochus Sidetes and the return of Demetrius
tican gc. , Lugd. 1504, 4to. , which was several times Nicator from his captivity among the Parthians.
reprinted, and corrected and amended by Albanus (B. c. 128. ) Antioch, A pames, and several other
Torinus, Basil
. 1533, fol. It was first edited in cities, disgusted with the tyranny of Demetrius,
Greek by Jac. Goupylus, Par. 1548, fol. , a beauti- acknowledged the authority of Alexander, who
ful and scarce edition, containing also Rhazae de pretended to have been adopted by Antiochus
Pestilentia Libellus ex Syrorum Lingua in Graecam Sidetes ; but he never succeeded in obtaining
translatus. It was published in Greek with a new power over the whole of Syria. In the earlier
Latin translation by Jo. Guinterus Andernacus, part of the year 125 he defeated Demetrius, who
Basil. 1556, 8vo. , which is a rare and valuable fled to Tyre and was there killed; but in the mid-
edition. Quinter's translation has been several dle of the same year Alexander's patron, the king
times reprinted, and is inserted by H. Stephens in of Egypt, set up against him Antiochus Grypus, a
his Medicae Artis Principes, Paris, 1567, fol. ; it son of Demetrius, by whom he was defeated in
also forms part of Haller's Collection of Medical battle. Alexander Aed to Antioch, where he
Writers, Lausann. 1772, 8vo. 2 vols. The other attempted to plunder the temple of Jupiter, in order
that is, TN TN DIN Zx virt: from
:
:
## p. 128 (#148) ############################################
128
ALEXIAS.
ALEXIS.
MEANAP
p. 164. )
BAZIAENE
to pay his troops ; but the people rose against him | Plant. ix. 16. & 8), and speaks highly of his abili
and drove him out of the city. He soon fell into ties and acquirements,
[W. A. G. )
the hands of robbers, who delivered him up to ALEXI'CACUS ('Aležikaxos), the averter of
Antiochus, by whom he was put to death, B. c. 122. evil, is a surname given by the Greeks to several
He was weak and effeminate, but sometimes gene- deities, as—Zeus (Orph. De Lapid. Prooem. i. ). —
rous. His surname, Zebina, which means “a to Apollo, who was worshipped under this name
purchased slave," was applied to him as a term of by the Athenians, because he was believed to have
reproach, from a report that he had been bought stopped the plague which raged at Athens in the
by Ptolemy as a slave. Several of his coins are time of the Peloponnesian war (Paus. i. 3. § 3,
extant. In the one figured below Jupiter is re viii. 41. 8 5),—and to Heracles. (Lactant v. 3. )
presented on the reverse, holding in the right hand
(L. S. ]
a small image of victory.
ALEXICLES (AN EELKAñs), an Athenian gene
(Justin. xxxix. 1,2; Joseph. Antiq. xiii. 9, 10; ral, who belonged to the oligarchial or Lacedaemo-
Clinton, Fasti, iii. p. 334. )
[P. S. ) nian party at Athens. After the revolution of R. C.
411, he and several of his friends quitted the city
and went to their friends at Deceleia. But he was
afterwards made prisoner in Peiraeeus, and sen-
tenced to death for his participation in the guilt of
Phrynichus. (Thucyd. viii. 92 ; Lycurg. in Leocr.
(L. S. ]
ALEXICRATES("Aleğimpátos),a Pythagorean
philosopher who lived at the time of Plutarch, and
whose disciples continued to observe the ancient
diet of the Pythagoreans, abstaining from fish alto-
gether. (Plut. Sympos. viii. p. 728. ) Another
person of this name occurs in Plutarch, Pyrrh. 5. )
(L. S. )
ALEXANDRA. (CASSANDRA. ]
ALE'XIDA ('Aneži8n), a daughter of Amphi-
ALEXANDRIDES ('Alexavdpíðns) of Delphi, arans, from whom certain divinities called Elasii
a Greek historian of uncertain date. If we may ( 'Endolom, i. e. the averters of epileptic fits) were
judge from the subjects on which his history is believed to be descended. (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 23. )
quoted as an authority, it would seem that his
[L. S. ]
work was a history of Delphi. (Plut. Lysand. 18; ALEXI'NUS ('Aletivos), a philosopher of the
Schol. ad Eurip. Alcest. 1, where undoubtedly the Dialectic or Megarian school and a disciple of Eu-
same person is meant, though the MS. reading is bulides [EUCLIDES), from his eristic propensities
Anaxandrides ; Schol. ad Aristoph. Plut. 926. ) facetiously named 'Encyživos, who lived about the
[L. S. ] beginning of the third century before Christ. He
ALEX A'NOR (Aretávwp), a son of Machaon, was a native of Elis, and a contemporary of Zeno.
and grandson of Aesculapius, who built to his sire From Elis he went to Olympia, in the vain hope,
a temple at Titane in the territory of Sicyon. He it is said, of founding a sect which might be called
himself too was worshipped there, and sacrifices the Olympian ; but his disciples soon became dis-
were offered to bim after sunset only. (Paus. ii. gusted with the unhealthiness of the place and
23. $ 4, 11. § 6, &c. )
[L. S. ] their scanty means of subsistence, and left him
ALEXARCHUS' ('Arégapxos), a Greek his with a single attendant. None of his doctrines
torian, who wrote a work on the history of Italy have been preserved to us, but from the brief men-
('Italıká), of which Plutarch (Parallel. 7) quotes tion made of him by Cicero (Acad. ii. 24), he
the third book. Servius (ad Aen. iii. 334) men seems to have dealt in sophistical puzzles, like
tions an opinion of his respecting the origin of the the rest of his sect. Athenaeus (xv. p. 696, e. )
names Epeirus and Campania, which unquestion- mentions a paean which he wrote in honour of
ably belonged to his work on Italy. The writer Craterus, the Macedonian, and which was sung at
of this name, whom Plutarch mentions in another Delphi to the sound of the lyre. Alexinus also
passage (De Is. et Os. p. 365), is probably a different wrote against Zeno, whose professed antagonist he
person.
[L. S. ] was, and against Ephorus the historian. Diogenes
ALEXARCHUS ('Anétapxos). 1. A brother Laertius has preserved some lines on his death,
of Cassander of Macedonia, who is mentioned as which was occasioned by his being pierced with
the founder of a town called Uranopolis, the site a reed while swimming in the Alpheus. (Diog.
of which is unknown. Here he is said to bave Laert. ii. 109, 110. )
[B. J. ]
introduced a number of words of his own coinage, ALEʻXION, an ancient physician, who was pro-
which, though very expressive, appear to have bably (judging from his name) a native of Greece ;
been regarded as a kind of slang. (Athen. iii
. p. 98. ) he was a friend of Cicero, who praises his medical
2. A Corinthian, who, while the Lacedaemo skill, and deeply laments his sudden death, B. Co
nians were fortifying Deceleia in Attica, B. C. 413, 44. (Ad Att. vii. 2, xiii
. 25, xv. 1. d 2. ) [W. A. G. )
and were sending an expedition to Sicily, was ALEXI'PPUS ('ANÉLITTOS), an ancient Greek
entrusted with the command of 600 hoplites, with physician, who is mentioned by Plutarch (Aler,
whom he joined the Sicilian expedition. (Thucyd. c. 41) as having received a letter from Alexander
vü. 19. )
[L. S. ]
himself, to thank him for having cured Peucestas,
ALE'XIAS ('Alegías), an ancient Greek physi- one of his officers, of an illness, probably about B. C.
cian, who was a pupil of Thrasyas of Mantinea, 327.
[W. A. G. ]
and lived probably about the middle of the fourth ALEXIS ('Alelis). 1. A comic poet, born at
century before Christ. Theophrastus mentions Thurii, in Magna Graecia (Suidas s. v. "An. ), but
him as having lived shortly before his time (Hist. I admitted subsequently to the privileges of an
## p. 129 (#149) ############################################
ALEXIS.
129
ALEXIS.
1
Athenian citizen, and enrolled in the deme Olov, ALEXIS ("Aletis), a sculptor and statuary,
belonging to the tribe Leontis. (Steph. Byz.
