No More Learning

iii. p. 160, cd. Ifalma), from which 'Αράτου και Ευδόξου φαινομένων εξηγήσεων βιβλία
Delambre (Àstron. Anc. Disc. Prel. xxiv. and vol. 7. This is the comment alluded to in ARATUS.
ii. p. 108) found it difficult to avoid inferring that it has always been received as the undoubted
Prolemy asserted Hipparchus to have also observed work of Hipparchus, though beyond all question it
at Alexandria, which had been previously asserted, must have been written before any of his great
on the same ground, by Weidler and others. But discoveries had been made. Nevertheless, it may
he afterwards remembered that Prolemy always be said of this criticism, that it is far superior to
supposes Rhodes and Alexandria to be in the same any thing which had then been written on astro-
longitude, and therefore compares times of observ- nomy, or which was written before the time of
ation at the two places without reduction. Ptolemy by any but Hipparchus himself. Delambro
As to the time at which Hipparchus lived, has given a minute account of its contents ( Astron.
Suidas places him at from B. c. 160 to B. c. 145, Anc. vol. i. pp. 106—189): he remarks that the
but without naming these epochs as those of his places of the stars, as known to Hipparchus when
birth and death. Of his life and opinions, inde he wrote it, are not quite so good as those of his
pendently of the astronomical details in the Syn- subsequent catalogue, which can be recovered from
taxis, we know nothing more than is contained in the Syntaxis ; this is equivalent to saying that
a passage of Pliny (H. N. 26), who states that they are much better than those of his predecessors.
the attention of Hipparchus was first directed to The comparison of Eudoxus and Aratus, which
the construction of a catalogue of stars by the ap- runs throughout this work, constitutes the best
pearance of a new star, and a moving one (perhaps knowledge we have of the former. (EUDOX-
a comet of unusually star-like appearance). Hence vs). We cannot but suppose that the fact of this
he dared, rem Deo improbar, to number the stars, being the only remaining work of Hipparchus must
and assign their places and magnitudes, that his arise from the Syntaxis containing the substance of
successors might detect new appearances, disappear- all the rest : this one, of course, would live as a cri-
ances, motion, or change of magnitude, coelo in ticism on a work so well known as that of Aratus.
haereditate cunctis relicto. Bayle has a curious It has been twice published: once by P. Victor,
mistake in the interpretation of a part of this pas Florence, 1567, folio, and again by Petavius in his
sage. He tells us that Hipparchus thought the Uranologion, Paris, 1630, folio. 9. Προς τον
souls of men to be of celestial origin, for which he 'Ερατοσθένην και τα εν τη Γεωγραφία αυτού λεχ-
cites Pliny as follows: " Idem Hipparchus nun- devra, a criticism censured by Strabo, and ap-
quam satis laudatus, ut quo nemo magis approba- proved by Pliny. 10. B. biov tepi Twv oid Bápous
verit cognationem cum homine siderum, animasque kétw pepouévwv, cited by Simplicius. ll. Achilles
nostras partem esse cocli. " This means, of course, Tatius says that Hipparchus and others wrote tepl
that Pliny thought that no one had done more than έκλείψεων ηλίου κατά τα επτά κλίματα, from
Hipparchus to show the heavenly origin of the which we cannot infer that this is the title of a
human mind.
work. (Ptolem. Syntaxis ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
The following are a list of writings attributed to vol. iv, p. 26, &c. ; Petavius, Uranologion; Weidler,
Hipparchus:-- 1. Tepl twv at havwv åvaypapal, Hist. Astrm. ; Delambre, Hist. de l'Astronom, anc.
mentioned by Ptolemy (lib. vii. ). A work was vol. i. pp. 6, 106, &c. , Discours. prélimin. p. xxi. ;
added, under the name of Hipparchus, by P. Vic- Bailly, Hist. de l'Astronom. modern. vol. i. p. 77 ;
tor, to his edition of the comment on Aratus, pre- Montucla, Hist. des Mathemat. vol. i. p. 257, &c. ;
sently mentioned, under the title ěk8eois &oteplo- Gartz in Ersch and Gruber's Encyclop. s. v. ; Mar-
wwv, which is nothing more than an extract from coz, Astronomie solaire d'Hipparque soumise à une
the seventh book of the Syntaxis. Suidas and critique rigoreuse et ensuite rendue à sa vérité pri-
Eudocia mention a work with the follo:ving title, mordiale, Paris, 1828. )
[A. DE M. )
HIPPARI'NUS (ʻlattapīvos). 1. A Syracusan,
* It was a similar circumstance which gave as father of Dion. He is mentioned by Aristotle
remarkable an impulse to the astronomical career (Pol. v. 6) as a man of large fortune, and one
of Tycho Brahe, whose merits, as far as practical of the chief citizens of Syracuse, who, having
astronomy is concerned, much resemble those of squandered his own property in luxury and ex-
Hipparchus. It is frequently stated that both travagance, lent his support to Dionysius in ob-
were originally led to astronomy by the sight of taining the sovereignty of his native city. Accord-
new stars, which is certainly not true of the former, ing to Plutarch (Dion, 3), he was associated
nor have we any reason to infer it from what Pliny with Dionysius in the command as general auto-
mays of the latter.
crator, a statement which is understood by Mitford
mentioned by
31. ) (P. 2)
IT'e mesi
our reisoo la
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The first and
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ld only have
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arches if
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15e a


## p. 478 (#494) ############################################

478
HIPPASUS.
HIPPIAS.
HIPPIAS
PESTRADE
25 year
and Socrates
for chiens as
pero menos
Seri Pat
Pos. Tas
especie de
faced abist
Greece un be
а
ano ate =
Par, the Iris
tres per
kes edge and
kacades
by Steenbe
eres med so far
be: a is not easy
ating from the
mi Cicero de o
spbest espresso
tiez mais may be
(Hist. of Greece, ch. xxix. sect. 5), as referring to panion of Hemcles in the war against Oechalian
the time when Dionysius obtained the virtual so- was slain by Eurytus. (Apollod. ii. 7. $ 7. )
vereignty under that title, in the spring of B. C. 3. A centaur, who was slain by Theseus, at the
405. It is more probable that it relates to the wedding of Peirithous. (Ov. Met. xii. 352. )
appointment of the ten generals in the preceding 4. A son of Leucippe. (Alcathoe. )
year, and that Hipparinus, as well as Dionysius, 5. A son of Eurytus, was onc of the Calydonian
was one of these. [Dionysius, p. 1033, a. ) We hunters. (Hygin. Fab. 173; Ov. Met. viii.
hear no more of him from this time, but from the 313. )
tyrant having married his daughter Aristoniache, 6. A son of Priam. (Hyg. Fab. 90. ) (L. S. ]
as well as from the position assumed by his son HI'PPASUS (Intados), a Lacedaemonian who
Dion, it is clear that he must have continued to is mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius (viii. 84) as the
hold a high place in the farour of Dionysius as author of a work on the Lacedaemonian republic in
long as he lived.
five books, from which a statement is quoted by
2. A son of Dion, and grandson of the preceding, Athenaeus (i. p. 14). The time at which he lived
who fell into the power of the younger Dionysius, is unknown.
[L. S. ]
together with the wife and sister of Dion, when HII'PPASUS ("Inhados), of Metapontum or
the latter quitted Sicily. lle was still in the hands Croton (lamblich. Vit. Pyth, c. 18. KK 81, 88. c. 23.
of the tyrant when he was shut up and besieged $ 104), is mentioned both by lamblichus and by
by Dion in the island citadel (B. c. 356), a circum- Diogenes Laërtius (viii. 84) among the elder Py-
stance of which Dionysius took advantage to en- thagoreans. Hippasus is said to have been the
deavour to open secret negotiations with his adver- founder of a school or sect of the Pythagoreans,
sary, but without effect. (Plut. Dion, 31. ) While called the Acusmatici (& kovomatikoi), in opposition
in the power of the tyrant, Hipparinus had been to the Mathematici. Aristotle (Metaph. i. 3) speaks
purposely accustomed by him to dissolute and lux- of Hippasus as holding the element of fire to be the
urious habits ; of which Dion, as soon as he had be- cause of all things : and Sextus Empiricus (ad
come completely master of Syracuse, endeavoured Phys. i. 361) contrasts him with the Pythagoreans
to cure him by restraint and severity, but the boy, in this respect, that he believed the apxń to be ma-
unable to endure the sudden change, threw himself terial, whereas they thought it was incorporeal,
from the roof of a house, and was killed on the namely, number. A single sentence quoted by
spot. (Plut. Dion, 55 ; Corn. Nep. Dion, 4, 6; Diogenes Laërtius as expressing one of his doctrines
Ael. V. H. iji. 4. ) According to Timaeus (ap. seems to mean that he held all things to be in
Plut. l. c. ), his name was Aretaeus.
motion and change, but according to a fixed law.
3. A son of the elder Dionysius by Aristo- (lamblich. Ibid. $ 81, 88; Villoison, Anecd. Graec.
mache, daughter of No. 1, who succeeded Callippus ii
. p. 216. ) In consequence of his making known
in the government or tyranny of Syracuse, B. C. the sphere, consisting of twelve pentagons, which
352.
According to Diodorus, he attacked the city was regarded by the Pythagoreans as a secret, he
with a fleet and army, and having defeated Cal- is said to have perished in the sea as an impious
lippus, compelled him to fly from Syracuse, of man. According to one statement, Hippasus left
which he immediately took possession (Diod. xvi. no writings (Diog. Laert. viii. 84), according to
36). The account given by Polyaenus is somewhat another he was the author of the uvotikÒS noyos,
different: according to his version, Hipparinus was written to calumniate Pythagoras. (Id. viii. 7 ;
at Leontini (at this time the head-quarters of the comp. Brandis, Gesch. d. Griech. Röm. Philosoph. vol.
disaffected and exiled Syracusans), when he learnt i. p. 509, &c. )
[C. E. P. )
that Callippus had quitted Syracuse with the great HIPPEUS ('Inteús), a painter, whose picture
body of his forces on an expedition elsewhere, and at Athens of the marriage of Peirithoüs is men-
contrived to surprise the gates and make himself tioned by Polemon. (Athen. xi. p. 474, d. ) (P. S. )
master of the city before his return. (Polyaen. v. HIPPIA and HiPPIUS (Ιππία and “Ιππιος,
4. ) This statement is also in part confirmed by or "ITTELOS), in Latin Equester and Equestris, occur
Plutarch (Dion, 58), who relates that Callippus as surnames of several divinities, as of Hera (Paus.
lost Syracuse while attempting to make himself v. 15. § 4); of Athena at Athens, Tegea and
master of Catana, though he does not mention Hip- Olympia (i. 30. § 4, 31. § 3, v. 15. § 4, viii. 47.
parinus. He held the supreme power for only two $ 1); of Poseidon (vi. 20. § 8, i. 30. $ 4; Liv. i.
years, during which he appears to have excited the 9); of Ares (Paus. v. 15. § 4); and at Rome also
contempt of his subjects by his drunkenness, as of Fortuna and Venus. (Liv. xl. 40, xlii. 3; Serv.
well as their hatred by his tyranny, and he fell a ad Aen. i. 724. )
(L. S. ]
victim to assassination. (Diod. xvi. 36 ; Theo- HIPPIAS ('Intlas), captain of a company of
pompus, ap. Athen. x. p. 436, a. ; Ael. V. H. ii. Arcadian mercenaries in the service of Pissuthnes,
41. )
[E. H. B. ] is named by Thucydides in the story of the fifth
HIPPA'SIUS ('ITTéolos), a veterinary sur- year of the Peloponnesian War, B. c. 427. A
geon, who may perhaps have lived in the fourth or faction of the Colophonians of Notium dependent
fifth century after Christ. He wrote some works, on Persian aid introduced him into a fortified
of which only a few fragments remain, which are quarter of the town ; and here, after the surrender
to be found in the collection of writers on vete- of Mytilene, he was found and besieged by Paches,
rinary surgery, first published in a Latin version whose succour was demanded by the exiles of the
by Joannes Ruellius, Paris, 1530, fol. , and after- other party. Paches, under a promise of a safe
wards in the original Greek, by Simon Grynaeus, return into the fortification if no terms should be
Basel, 1537, 4to.
[W. A. G. ] agreed on, drew Hippias out to a conference ; re-
HIPPASUS (“Ιππασος). 1. The father of tained him, while, by a sudden attack, the place
Actos the Argonaut. (Apollod. i. 9. § 16; Hygin. was carried ; and satisfied the letter of his promise
Fab. 14. )
by bringing him back into the fortress, and there
2. A son of Ceyx, king of Trachis, and the com shooting him to death. (Thuc. iii. 34. ) [A. H. C. ]
there was no other
o the character
ents of Pato
cannot be den
TETT extensive ki
ki 24 ans w
pa studies, bo
Tasic, matbemat
that to a certain
the cocinary arts
ing on bis Doce 19
ei vith his 0*
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Han TEIL
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te me uime
28
bt enter into the
Kresor, and that
enlities, which
teng without a
kuyance, combine
P. 368
these things
in wtx
aanse which proto
of Eippias
sepaist eriose
and thus tad a p
education of the yo
pro forte sems
trtempore shows
ett led him to i
Opera, and there
Creeks an orat. on
prorused to him
Pastratus in fact
de fered at Olym
vaxton. Such spei
by Hippias, bet 101
Beerse (op. Plata
epic poetry, tragedie:
.


## p. 479 (#495) ############################################

HIPPIAS
479
HIPPIUS.
HIPPIAS ('Intlas). 1. [PRISISTRATUS and tions, as the productions of Hippias ; nay, his
PEISISTRATIDAR. ]
literary vanity seems not to have scrupled to write
2. The Sophist, was a native of Elis, and a son on grammar, music, rhythm, harmony, and a variety
of Diopeithes. He was a disciple of Hegesidamus of other subjects. (Plat. Hipp. maj. p. 285, &c. ;
(Suid. s. v. ), and the contemporary of Protagoras comp. Philostr
. l. a; Plut. Num. 1, 23; Dion
and Socrates. Owing to his talent and skill, his Chrys. Orat. lxxi. p. 625. ) He seems to have been
fellow-citizens availed themselves of his services in especially fond of choosing antiquarian and mythi-
political matters, and in a diplomatic mission to cal subjects for his slow speeches. Athenaeus
Sparta. (Plat. Hipp. maj. pp. 281. A, 286. a; (xiii. p. 609) mentions a work of Hippias under
Philostr. Vit. Soph. i. 11. ) But he was in every the title {uvaywynt
, which is otherwise unknown.
respect like the other sophists of the time: he An epigram of his is preserved in Pausanias (v. 25,
travelled about in various towns and districts of also in Brunck, Analect. ii. 57). His style and
Greece for the purpose of acquiring wealth and language are not censured for any thing particular
celebrity, by teaching and public speaking. His by the ancients. (Comp. Groen van Prinsterer,
character as a sophist, his vanity, and his boastful Prosop. Platon. p. 91, &c. ; Geel, Ilist. Crit. Soph.
arrogance, are well described in two dialogues of p. 181, &c; F. Osann, Der Sophist Hippias uls
Pluto, the 'Itrias ueltwr and the 'Itrias éAdTTW Archaeolog, in the Rhein. Mus. for 1843, p. 495,
(Hippias major and Hippias minor). The former &c. )
treats of the question about the beautiful, and in a 3. Of Thasus, one of the earliest Greek gram-
manner which gives ample scope for putting the marians, who occupied himself with the explanation
knowledge and presumption of Hippias in a ludi- of difficult and obscure passages in the Homeric
crous light; the other handles the deficiency of poems. (Aristot. Poet. 25 ; Soph. Elench. i. 3 ;
our knowledge, and exposes the ridiculous vanity Lysias, Orat. xiii. $ 54. )
of the sophist. The latter dialogue is considered 4. Of Delos, a Greek grammarian, probably of a
by Schleiermacher and Ast to be spurious. Ast later date than the preceding one, is mentioned as
even goes so far as to reject the Hippias major also; the author of a sort of geographical dictionary
but it is not easy to get over the difficulty which (dov@v ovouagiai, Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. iii.
arises from the fact of Aristotle (Metaphys. v. 29) 1178, Eudoc. p. 248 ; Eustath. ad Dionys. Pericg.