393, according to the occasion
referred
to by Aristotle.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
CE’STIUS PIUS, a native of Smyrna, taught Serr.
Sulpicius Galba for breach of his word, in
rhetoric at Rome a few years before the commence putting some of the Lusitanians to death, and
ment of the Christian era. He was chiefly cele- selling others as slaves. (Liv. Epit. 49; Cic. de
brated on account of the declamations which he Orat. i. 52, Brut. 23, ad Att. xii. 5. )
was wont to deliver in places of public resort in 7. P. CORNELIUS CETHEGUS, a friend of Marius,
reply to the orations of Cicero; but neither Seneca who being proscribed by Sulla (B. C. 88) fied with
nor Quintilian speaks of him with any respect. No the younger Marius into Numidia, but returned
fragment of his works has been preserved. (Hiero next year to Rome with the heads of his party.
nym. ap. Chron. Euseb. ad Ol. cxci. ; Senec. Con- In 83, however, he went over to Sulla, and was
trov. iii. praef. , Suasor. vii. ; Quintil 1. 5. $ 20; pardoned. (Appian, B. C. i. 60 62, 80. ) Not-
Meyer, Orator. Roman. Fragın. ) [W. R. ) withstanding his notorious bad lite and utter want
CETHEʻGUS, the name of a patrician family of faith, he retained great power and influence
of the Cornelia gens. The family was of old date. even after Sulla's death; and it was he who joined
They seem to have kept up an old fashion of wear- the consul M. Cotta in procuring the unlimited
ing their arms bare, to which Horace alludes in command of the Mediterranean for a man like
the words cinctuti Cethegi (Ars Poët. 50); and himself, M. Antonius Creticus (ANTONIUS, No.
Lucan (ii. 543) describes the associate of Catiline 9]; nor did Lucullus disdain to sue Cethegus'
[see No. 8) thus, exsertique manus vesana Cethegi. concubine to use her interest in his favour, when
1. M. CORNELIUS M. F. M. N. CETH EG US, was he was seeking to obtain the command against
curule aedile in B. C. 213, and pontifex maximus Mithridates. (Cic. Parad. v. 3; Plut. Lucull. 5,
in the same year upon the death of L. Lentulus; 6; comp. Cic. pro Cluent. 31. )
praetor in 211 when he had the charge of Apulia ; 8. C. CORNELIUS CETHEGUS, one of Catiline's
censor in 209 with P. Sempronius Tuditanus; and
His profligate character shewed itself in
consul with the same colleague in 204. In the early youth (Cic. pro Sull. 25); the heavy debts
next year he commanded as proconsul in Cisalpine he had contracted made him ready for any des-
Gaul, where with the praetor Quintilius Varus he perate political attenipt; and before he was old
defeated Mago, the brother of Hannibal, and com- enough to be aedile, he had leagued himself with
pelled him to quit Italy. He died in B. c. 196 Catiline. (B. C. 63. ) When his chief left Rome,
(Liv. xxv. 2, 41, xxvii. 11, xxix. 11, xxx. 18. ) | after Cicero's first speech, Cethegus staid behind
His eloquence was rated very high, so that Ennius under the orders of Lentulus. His charge was to
gave him the name of Suadae medulla (ap. Cic. murder the leading senators. But the tardiness of
Cat. Maj. 14; comp. Brut. 15), and Horace twice Lentulus prevented anything being done. Cethegus
refers to him as an ancient authority for the usage was arrested and condemned to death with the
of Latin words. (Epist. ii. 2. 116, Ars Poët. 50, other conspirators, the evidence against him being
and Schol. ad loc. )
the swords and daggers which he bad collected in
2. C. CORNELIUS L. F. M. N. CETHEGUs, com- his house, and the letter under his hand and seal
manded in Spain as proconsul in B. C. 200, before which he had given to the Allobrogian ambas-
he had been aedile. Elected aedile in his absence sadors. Cethegus was a bold, rash, enterprising
he exhibited the games with great magnificence. man (manus vcsana Cethegi, Lucan, ii. 543 ; comp.
(B. C. 199. ) As consul (B. c. 197), he defeated Cic. in Cat. iv. 6); and if the chief part, after
crew.
2 x 2
## p. 676 (#696) ############################################
676
CHABRIAS.
CHABRIAS.
:
a
Catiline's departure, had fallen to him instead of 11; Dem. c. Aristocr. p. 686; Plut. Phoc. O,
Lentulus, it is more than possible that Rome Camill. 19, de Glor. Ath. 7. ) In B. C. 373,
would have been fired and pillaged, and her best Chabrias was joined with Iphicrates and Callistra-
citizens murdered. (Sall. Cut. 17, 46-50, 55; tus in the command of the forces destined for
Cic. in Cat. iii. 3, 5–7, pro Sull. 6, 25, &c. , post Corcyra (see p. 577, b. ); and early in 368 he led
Red. in Sen. 4, pro Domo, 24; Appian, B. C. ii. the Athenian troops which went to aid Sparta in
2-5, &c. , 15. )
(H. G. L. ) resisting at the Isthmus the second invasion of the
CEYX (Knük), lord of Trachis, was connected Peloponnesus by Epaminondas, and repulsed the
by friendship with Heracles. He was the father latter in an attack which he made on Corinth.
of Hippasus, who fell in battle fighting as (Xen. Iel. vi. 1. SS 15-19; Diod. xv. 68, 69;
the ally of Heracles. (Apollod. ii. 7. § 6, Paus. ix. 15. ) Two years after this, B. C. 366, he
&c. ) According to others, Ceyx was a nephew of was involved with Callistratus in the accusation
Hleracles, who built for him the town of Trachis. of having caused the loss of Oropus to Athens
Müller (Dor. ii. ll. § 3, comp. i. 3. & 5) supposes (CaliisTRATUS, No. 3] (comp. Dem. c. Meid.
that the marriage of Ceyx and his connexion with p. 535); and Clinton suggests, that this may
Hemcles were subjects of ancient pocms. (L. S. ) have been the occasion on which he was deſend-
CHA'BRIAS (Xabpías), the Athenian general, ed by Plato, according to the anecdote in Dia
makes his first appearance in history as the suc- genes Laërtius (iii. 2+)-a suggestion which does
cessor of Iphicrates in the coinınand of the Athe- not preclude us from supposing, that it was also
nian force at Corinth in B. C.
393, according to the occasion referred to by Aristotle. (Rhet. iii. 10.
Diodorus (xiv. 92), who places it, however, at $ 7; see Clint. Fush. ii. p. 396, note w, and sub
least a year too soon, since it was in 392 that anno 395; comp. Dict. of Ant. s. v. ouvíropos. )
Iphicrates, yet in command, defeated the Spartan On the authority of Theopompus, we hear that
Niora. (See Xen. Hell. iv. 8. § 34; Schneid. ad Chabrias was ever but too glad to enter on any
Xen. Hell. iv. 5. § 19. ) In B. c. 388, on his way foreign service, not only because it gave him more
to Cyprus to aid Evagoras against the Persians, opportunity to gratify his luxurious propensities,
Chabrias landed in Aegina, and gained by an but also from the jealousy and annoyance to which
ambuscade a decisive victory over the Spartans, men of note and wealth were exposed at Athens.
who lost their commander Gorgopas in the en- Accordingly we find him, early in B. c. 361, taking
gagement. The consequence of his success was, the command of the naval force of Tachos, king of
that the Athenians were delivered for a time from Egypt, who was in rebellion against Persia. The
the annoyance to which they had been subjected king's army of mercenaries was entrusted to Age-
from Aegina by the Spartans and Aeginetans. silaus, who however deserted his cause for that of
(Xen. Hell. v. 1. $ 10, &c. ; comp. iv. 8. § 24 ; Nectanabis, while Chabrias remained faithful to
Polyaen. iii. 10; Dem. c. Lept. p. 479, ad fin. ) his first engagement. On the course and results of
In B. c. 378 he was joined with Timotheus and the war there is a strange discrepancy between
Callistratus in the command of the forces which Xenophon and Plutarch on the one side, and
were despatched to the aid of Thebes against Diodorus on the other. (Theopomp. ap. Athen. xii.
Agesilaus, and it was in the course of this cam- p. 532, b. ; Nep. Chabr. 3; Xen. A yes. ; Plut. Ayes.
paign that he adopted for the first time that 37; Diod. xv. 92, 93; Wesseling, ad loc. ) A bout
manauvre for which he became so celebrated, - B. C. 358 Chabrias was sent to succeed Athenodorus
ordering his men to await the attack with their as commander in Thrace ; but he arrived with only
spears pointed against the enemy and their shields one ship, and the consequence was that Charidemus
resting on one knee. The attitude was a formidable renounced the treaty he had made with Atheno-
one, and the Spartans did not venture to charge. dorus, and drove Chabrias to consent to another
A statue was afterwards erected at Athens to most unfavourable to the interests of Athens.
Chabrias in the posture above described. (Xen. (CHARIDEMUS. ) On the breaking out of the social
Hell. v. 4. § 34, &c. ; Diod. xv. 32, 33; Polyaen. war in 357, Chares was appointed to command the
ii. 1; Dem. c. Lept. l. c. ; Arist. Rhet. iii. 10. $ 7. ) Athenian army, and Chabrias was joined with him
It was perhaps in the next year that he accepted as admiral of the fleet; though, according to C.
the offer of Acoris, king of Egypt, to act as Nepos, the latter accompanied the expedition merely
general of the mercenaries in his service against in a private capacity. At the siege of Chios, which
the Persians : the Athenians, however, recalled was the first operation of the war, he advanced
him on the remonstrance of Pharnabazus. (Diod. with gallant rashness into the harbour, before the
xv. 29. ) But other distinction awaited him, of a rest of the fleet, and, when his ship was disabled,
less equivocal nature, and in the service of his own he refused to save his life by abandoning it, and
country. The Lacedaemonians had sent out Pollis fell fighting. (Diod. xvi. 7; Nep. Chalır. 4 ; Dem.
with a fleet of 60 ships to cut off from Athens her c. Lept. p. 481. ) Plutarch tells us, that Chabrias
supplies of corn. Chabrias, being appointed to act was slow in devising and somewhat rash in exe-
against him with more than 80 triremes, proceeded cuting, and that both defects were often in some
to besiege Naxos, and, the Lacedaemonians coming measure corrected and supplied by his young friend
up to relieve it, a battle ensued (Sept. 9, B. C Phocion. Yet his death seems to have been a real
376), in which the Athenians gained a decisive loss to Athens. His private qualities, notwith-
and important victory; -- the first they had won standing the tendency io profligate self-indulgence
with their own ships since the Peloponnesian war. which has been mentioned above on the authority
According to Diodorus, the whole of the Lacedae- of Theopompus, were at least such as to attract
monian fleet might have been easily destroyed, and perinanently retain the friendship of Phocion.
had not Chabrias been warned by the recollection His public services were rewarded with the privi-
of Arginusae to look before everything to the sar- lege of exemption from liturgies; and the continu-
ing of his own men from the wrecks. (Xen. Hell. ation of the privilege to his son Ctesippus, from
v. 4. &S 60, 61; Diod. xv. 34, 35; Polyaen. iii. I whom the la iv of Leptines would bave taken it,
## p. 677 (#697) ############################################
CHAEREAS.
677
CHAEREMON.
was successfully advocated by Demosthenes in B. C. CHIAE'REAS, artists. 1. A statuary in
355. (Plut. Phoc. 6, 7; Dem. c. Lept. pp. 479- bronze, who made statues of Alexander the Great
483. ) Pausanias (i. 29) speaks of the tomb of and his father Philip. (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8.
Chabrias as lying between those of Pericles and 8. 19. & 14. )
Phormion on the way from the city to the Aca- 2. A goldsmith. Χαιρέας ο χρυσοτέκτων και κατά
demy.
(E. E. ] várou moriaos. (Lucian, Leriph. xxxiv. 9. ) (L. S. )
CHAE'REA, C. CA'SSIUS, the slayer of the
CHAE'REAS, C. FANNIUS, seems from his
emperor Caliguln, was tribune of the praetorian name to have been of Greek extraction, and was
cohort. He is said to have been incited to con- perhaps a freedman of some C. Fannius. He had
spire against the emperor partly by his noble a slave whom he entrusted to Roscius the actor for
spirit and love of liberty, partly by his disgust at instruction in his art, and it was agreed that any
the cruelties which he was employed to execute, profits the man might acquire should be shared
partly by his suspicion that the confidence and between them. The slave was murdered by one
favour of Caligula was the forerunner of his des- Q. Flavius, against whom accordingly an action
truction, and most of all by the insults of the em- was brought by Chaereas and Roscius for damages.
peror, who used himself to ridicule him as if he Roscius obtained a farm for himself from the de-
were an effeminate person, and to hold him up to fendant by way of composition, and was sued by
ridicule to his fellow-soldiers, by giving through Chaereas, who insisted that he had received it for
him such watch words as Venus and Priapus. Hav- both the plaintiffs. The matter was at first referred
ing formed a conspiracy with Cornelius Sabinus to arbitration, but further disputes arose, and the
and other noble Romans, he fixed on the Palatine transaction ultimately gave occasion to the action
games in honour of Augustus for the time of ac- of Chaereas against Roscius, in which the latter
tion. On the fourth day of the games, as the em- was defended by Cicero in a speech (pro Q. Roscio)
peror was going from the theatre to his palace, the partially extant. We must form but a low opinion
conspirators attacked him in a narrow passage, and of the respectability of Chaereas if we trust the
killed him with many wounds, Chaerea striking testimony of Cicero, who certainly indulges himself
the first blow. (Jan. 24, A. D. 11. ) In the confu- in the full license of an advocate, and spares neither
sion which ensued, some of the conspirators were the character nor the personal appearance of the
killed by the German guards of Caligula ; but plaintiff. (See especially c. 7. ) [E. E. ]
others, among whom was Chaerea, escaped into the CHAERE'CRATES (Xaupexpérns), a disciple
palace. Chaerea next sent and put to death Cali- of Socrates, is honourably recorded (Xen. Mem. i.
gula's wife Caesonia and her daughter. He warmly 2. § 48) as one of those who attended his instruc
supported the scheme, which the senators at first tions with the sincere desire of deriving moral ad-
adopted, of restoring the republic, and received vantage from them, and who did not disgrace by
from the consuls the watch word for the night, their practice the lessons they had received. An
Liberty. But the next day Claudius was made inveterate quarrel between himself and his elder
emperor by the soldiers, and his first act was to brother Chaerephon serves in Xenophon as the oc-
put Chaerea and the other conspirators to death. casion of a good lecture on the subject of brotherly
Chaerea met his fate with the greatest fortitude, love from Socrates, who appears to have succeeded
the executioner using, at Chaerea's own desire, the in reconciling them. (Xen. Mem. ii. 3. ) (E.
rhetoric at Rome a few years before the commence putting some of the Lusitanians to death, and
ment of the Christian era. He was chiefly cele- selling others as slaves. (Liv. Epit. 49; Cic. de
brated on account of the declamations which he Orat. i. 52, Brut. 23, ad Att. xii. 5. )
was wont to deliver in places of public resort in 7. P. CORNELIUS CETHEGUS, a friend of Marius,
reply to the orations of Cicero; but neither Seneca who being proscribed by Sulla (B. C. 88) fied with
nor Quintilian speaks of him with any respect. No the younger Marius into Numidia, but returned
fragment of his works has been preserved. (Hiero next year to Rome with the heads of his party.
nym. ap. Chron. Euseb. ad Ol. cxci. ; Senec. Con- In 83, however, he went over to Sulla, and was
trov. iii. praef. , Suasor. vii. ; Quintil 1. 5. $ 20; pardoned. (Appian, B. C. i. 60 62, 80. ) Not-
Meyer, Orator. Roman. Fragın. ) [W. R. ) withstanding his notorious bad lite and utter want
CETHEʻGUS, the name of a patrician family of faith, he retained great power and influence
of the Cornelia gens. The family was of old date. even after Sulla's death; and it was he who joined
They seem to have kept up an old fashion of wear- the consul M. Cotta in procuring the unlimited
ing their arms bare, to which Horace alludes in command of the Mediterranean for a man like
the words cinctuti Cethegi (Ars Poët. 50); and himself, M. Antonius Creticus (ANTONIUS, No.
Lucan (ii. 543) describes the associate of Catiline 9]; nor did Lucullus disdain to sue Cethegus'
[see No. 8) thus, exsertique manus vesana Cethegi. concubine to use her interest in his favour, when
1. M. CORNELIUS M. F. M. N. CETH EG US, was he was seeking to obtain the command against
curule aedile in B. C. 213, and pontifex maximus Mithridates. (Cic. Parad. v. 3; Plut. Lucull. 5,
in the same year upon the death of L. Lentulus; 6; comp. Cic. pro Cluent. 31. )
praetor in 211 when he had the charge of Apulia ; 8. C. CORNELIUS CETHEGUS, one of Catiline's
censor in 209 with P. Sempronius Tuditanus; and
His profligate character shewed itself in
consul with the same colleague in 204. In the early youth (Cic. pro Sull. 25); the heavy debts
next year he commanded as proconsul in Cisalpine he had contracted made him ready for any des-
Gaul, where with the praetor Quintilius Varus he perate political attenipt; and before he was old
defeated Mago, the brother of Hannibal, and com- enough to be aedile, he had leagued himself with
pelled him to quit Italy. He died in B. c. 196 Catiline. (B. C. 63. ) When his chief left Rome,
(Liv. xxv. 2, 41, xxvii. 11, xxix. 11, xxx. 18. ) | after Cicero's first speech, Cethegus staid behind
His eloquence was rated very high, so that Ennius under the orders of Lentulus. His charge was to
gave him the name of Suadae medulla (ap. Cic. murder the leading senators. But the tardiness of
Cat. Maj. 14; comp. Brut. 15), and Horace twice Lentulus prevented anything being done. Cethegus
refers to him as an ancient authority for the usage was arrested and condemned to death with the
of Latin words. (Epist. ii. 2. 116, Ars Poët. 50, other conspirators, the evidence against him being
and Schol. ad loc. )
the swords and daggers which he bad collected in
2. C. CORNELIUS L. F. M. N. CETHEGUs, com- his house, and the letter under his hand and seal
manded in Spain as proconsul in B. C. 200, before which he had given to the Allobrogian ambas-
he had been aedile. Elected aedile in his absence sadors. Cethegus was a bold, rash, enterprising
he exhibited the games with great magnificence. man (manus vcsana Cethegi, Lucan, ii. 543 ; comp.
(B. C. 199. ) As consul (B. c. 197), he defeated Cic. in Cat. iv. 6); and if the chief part, after
crew.
2 x 2
## p. 676 (#696) ############################################
676
CHABRIAS.
CHABRIAS.
:
a
Catiline's departure, had fallen to him instead of 11; Dem. c. Aristocr. p. 686; Plut. Phoc. O,
Lentulus, it is more than possible that Rome Camill. 19, de Glor. Ath. 7. ) In B. C. 373,
would have been fired and pillaged, and her best Chabrias was joined with Iphicrates and Callistra-
citizens murdered. (Sall. Cut. 17, 46-50, 55; tus in the command of the forces destined for
Cic. in Cat. iii. 3, 5–7, pro Sull. 6, 25, &c. , post Corcyra (see p. 577, b. ); and early in 368 he led
Red. in Sen. 4, pro Domo, 24; Appian, B. C. ii. the Athenian troops which went to aid Sparta in
2-5, &c. , 15. )
(H. G. L. ) resisting at the Isthmus the second invasion of the
CEYX (Knük), lord of Trachis, was connected Peloponnesus by Epaminondas, and repulsed the
by friendship with Heracles. He was the father latter in an attack which he made on Corinth.
of Hippasus, who fell in battle fighting as (Xen. Iel. vi. 1. SS 15-19; Diod. xv. 68, 69;
the ally of Heracles. (Apollod. ii. 7. § 6, Paus. ix. 15. ) Two years after this, B. C. 366, he
&c. ) According to others, Ceyx was a nephew of was involved with Callistratus in the accusation
Hleracles, who built for him the town of Trachis. of having caused the loss of Oropus to Athens
Müller (Dor. ii. ll. § 3, comp. i. 3. & 5) supposes (CaliisTRATUS, No. 3] (comp. Dem. c. Meid.
that the marriage of Ceyx and his connexion with p. 535); and Clinton suggests, that this may
Hemcles were subjects of ancient pocms. (L. S. ) have been the occasion on which he was deſend-
CHA'BRIAS (Xabpías), the Athenian general, ed by Plato, according to the anecdote in Dia
makes his first appearance in history as the suc- genes Laërtius (iii. 2+)-a suggestion which does
cessor of Iphicrates in the coinınand of the Athe- not preclude us from supposing, that it was also
nian force at Corinth in B. C.
393, according to the occasion referred to by Aristotle. (Rhet. iii. 10.
Diodorus (xiv. 92), who places it, however, at $ 7; see Clint. Fush. ii. p. 396, note w, and sub
least a year too soon, since it was in 392 that anno 395; comp. Dict. of Ant. s. v. ouvíropos. )
Iphicrates, yet in command, defeated the Spartan On the authority of Theopompus, we hear that
Niora. (See Xen. Hell. iv. 8. § 34; Schneid. ad Chabrias was ever but too glad to enter on any
Xen. Hell. iv. 5. § 19. ) In B. c. 388, on his way foreign service, not only because it gave him more
to Cyprus to aid Evagoras against the Persians, opportunity to gratify his luxurious propensities,
Chabrias landed in Aegina, and gained by an but also from the jealousy and annoyance to which
ambuscade a decisive victory over the Spartans, men of note and wealth were exposed at Athens.
who lost their commander Gorgopas in the en- Accordingly we find him, early in B. c. 361, taking
gagement. The consequence of his success was, the command of the naval force of Tachos, king of
that the Athenians were delivered for a time from Egypt, who was in rebellion against Persia. The
the annoyance to which they had been subjected king's army of mercenaries was entrusted to Age-
from Aegina by the Spartans and Aeginetans. silaus, who however deserted his cause for that of
(Xen. Hell. v. 1. $ 10, &c. ; comp. iv. 8. § 24 ; Nectanabis, while Chabrias remained faithful to
Polyaen. iii. 10; Dem. c. Lept. p. 479, ad fin. ) his first engagement. On the course and results of
In B. c. 378 he was joined with Timotheus and the war there is a strange discrepancy between
Callistratus in the command of the forces which Xenophon and Plutarch on the one side, and
were despatched to the aid of Thebes against Diodorus on the other. (Theopomp. ap. Athen. xii.
Agesilaus, and it was in the course of this cam- p. 532, b. ; Nep. Chabr. 3; Xen. A yes. ; Plut. Ayes.
paign that he adopted for the first time that 37; Diod. xv. 92, 93; Wesseling, ad loc. ) A bout
manauvre for which he became so celebrated, - B. C. 358 Chabrias was sent to succeed Athenodorus
ordering his men to await the attack with their as commander in Thrace ; but he arrived with only
spears pointed against the enemy and their shields one ship, and the consequence was that Charidemus
resting on one knee. The attitude was a formidable renounced the treaty he had made with Atheno-
one, and the Spartans did not venture to charge. dorus, and drove Chabrias to consent to another
A statue was afterwards erected at Athens to most unfavourable to the interests of Athens.
Chabrias in the posture above described. (Xen. (CHARIDEMUS. ) On the breaking out of the social
Hell. v. 4. § 34, &c. ; Diod. xv. 32, 33; Polyaen. war in 357, Chares was appointed to command the
ii. 1; Dem. c. Lept. l. c. ; Arist. Rhet. iii. 10. $ 7. ) Athenian army, and Chabrias was joined with him
It was perhaps in the next year that he accepted as admiral of the fleet; though, according to C.
the offer of Acoris, king of Egypt, to act as Nepos, the latter accompanied the expedition merely
general of the mercenaries in his service against in a private capacity. At the siege of Chios, which
the Persians : the Athenians, however, recalled was the first operation of the war, he advanced
him on the remonstrance of Pharnabazus. (Diod. with gallant rashness into the harbour, before the
xv. 29. ) But other distinction awaited him, of a rest of the fleet, and, when his ship was disabled,
less equivocal nature, and in the service of his own he refused to save his life by abandoning it, and
country. The Lacedaemonians had sent out Pollis fell fighting. (Diod. xvi. 7; Nep. Chalır. 4 ; Dem.
with a fleet of 60 ships to cut off from Athens her c. Lept. p. 481. ) Plutarch tells us, that Chabrias
supplies of corn. Chabrias, being appointed to act was slow in devising and somewhat rash in exe-
against him with more than 80 triremes, proceeded cuting, and that both defects were often in some
to besiege Naxos, and, the Lacedaemonians coming measure corrected and supplied by his young friend
up to relieve it, a battle ensued (Sept. 9, B. C Phocion. Yet his death seems to have been a real
376), in which the Athenians gained a decisive loss to Athens. His private qualities, notwith-
and important victory; -- the first they had won standing the tendency io profligate self-indulgence
with their own ships since the Peloponnesian war. which has been mentioned above on the authority
According to Diodorus, the whole of the Lacedae- of Theopompus, were at least such as to attract
monian fleet might have been easily destroyed, and perinanently retain the friendship of Phocion.
had not Chabrias been warned by the recollection His public services were rewarded with the privi-
of Arginusae to look before everything to the sar- lege of exemption from liturgies; and the continu-
ing of his own men from the wrecks. (Xen. Hell. ation of the privilege to his son Ctesippus, from
v. 4. &S 60, 61; Diod. xv. 34, 35; Polyaen. iii. I whom the la iv of Leptines would bave taken it,
## p. 677 (#697) ############################################
CHAEREAS.
677
CHAEREMON.
was successfully advocated by Demosthenes in B. C. CHIAE'REAS, artists. 1. A statuary in
355. (Plut. Phoc. 6, 7; Dem. c. Lept. pp. 479- bronze, who made statues of Alexander the Great
483. ) Pausanias (i. 29) speaks of the tomb of and his father Philip. (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8.
Chabrias as lying between those of Pericles and 8. 19. & 14. )
Phormion on the way from the city to the Aca- 2. A goldsmith. Χαιρέας ο χρυσοτέκτων και κατά
demy.
(E. E. ] várou moriaos. (Lucian, Leriph. xxxiv. 9. ) (L. S. )
CHAE'REA, C. CA'SSIUS, the slayer of the
CHAE'REAS, C. FANNIUS, seems from his
emperor Caliguln, was tribune of the praetorian name to have been of Greek extraction, and was
cohort. He is said to have been incited to con- perhaps a freedman of some C. Fannius. He had
spire against the emperor partly by his noble a slave whom he entrusted to Roscius the actor for
spirit and love of liberty, partly by his disgust at instruction in his art, and it was agreed that any
the cruelties which he was employed to execute, profits the man might acquire should be shared
partly by his suspicion that the confidence and between them. The slave was murdered by one
favour of Caligula was the forerunner of his des- Q. Flavius, against whom accordingly an action
truction, and most of all by the insults of the em- was brought by Chaereas and Roscius for damages.
peror, who used himself to ridicule him as if he Roscius obtained a farm for himself from the de-
were an effeminate person, and to hold him up to fendant by way of composition, and was sued by
ridicule to his fellow-soldiers, by giving through Chaereas, who insisted that he had received it for
him such watch words as Venus and Priapus. Hav- both the plaintiffs. The matter was at first referred
ing formed a conspiracy with Cornelius Sabinus to arbitration, but further disputes arose, and the
and other noble Romans, he fixed on the Palatine transaction ultimately gave occasion to the action
games in honour of Augustus for the time of ac- of Chaereas against Roscius, in which the latter
tion. On the fourth day of the games, as the em- was defended by Cicero in a speech (pro Q. Roscio)
peror was going from the theatre to his palace, the partially extant. We must form but a low opinion
conspirators attacked him in a narrow passage, and of the respectability of Chaereas if we trust the
killed him with many wounds, Chaerea striking testimony of Cicero, who certainly indulges himself
the first blow. (Jan. 24, A. D. 11. ) In the confu- in the full license of an advocate, and spares neither
sion which ensued, some of the conspirators were the character nor the personal appearance of the
killed by the German guards of Caligula ; but plaintiff. (See especially c. 7. ) [E. E. ]
others, among whom was Chaerea, escaped into the CHAERE'CRATES (Xaupexpérns), a disciple
palace. Chaerea next sent and put to death Cali- of Socrates, is honourably recorded (Xen. Mem. i.
gula's wife Caesonia and her daughter. He warmly 2. § 48) as one of those who attended his instruc
supported the scheme, which the senators at first tions with the sincere desire of deriving moral ad-
adopted, of restoring the republic, and received vantage from them, and who did not disgrace by
from the consuls the watch word for the night, their practice the lessons they had received. An
Liberty. But the next day Claudius was made inveterate quarrel between himself and his elder
emperor by the soldiers, and his first act was to brother Chaerephon serves in Xenophon as the oc-
put Chaerea and the other conspirators to death. casion of a good lecture on the subject of brotherly
Chaerea met his fate with the greatest fortitude, love from Socrates, who appears to have succeeded
the executioner using, at Chaerea's own desire, the in reconciling them. (Xen. Mem. ii. 3. ) (E.
