8, 46, 53, 78,
was again received into the favour of the imperial iv.
was again received into the favour of the imperial iv.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
Cicero (de Orat.
i.
56) speaks of his being
bliotheca Patrum, Paris, 1644, 1654. (Phot. Cod. a candidate for the aedileship ; and he gives an
199 ; Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. x. p. 124 ; Voss. anecdote of Serv. Sulpicius Galba, who was a distin-
de Hist
. Graec. p. 334, Westermann. ) [C. P. M. ] guished orator, pressing Crassus hard on a question
MOSCHUS," VULCA'TIUS, was banished of law, and of Crassus being compelled to support
from Rome, and admitted as a citizen of Massilia, his legal opinion against the equitable arguments of
to which town he left his property. (Tac. Ann. Servius by referring to the writings of his brother,
iv. 43. )
P. Mucius, and of Sext. Aelius.
MOSTIS, a king of Epeirus, known only to us Mucianus attained the dignity of pontifex maxi-
from coins, a specimen of which is annexed. mus, and A. D. 131 he was elected consul, in
which year he left Rome to conduct the war against
Aristonicus in Asia, who maintained his claim to
BALIAEN
the kingdom of Pergamus against the will of At-
talus III. , who had bequeathed it to the Romans.
Crassus was the first pontifex maximus, according
to Livy (Epit. 59) who went beyond the limits
MOITIAOW of Italy ; but this is not true, unless Scipio Nasica
was deprived of his office, for Nasica was ponti-
fex maximus B. C. 133, after the death of Tib.
Gracchus, and retired to Asia, where he soon died.
MOTHO'NE (Mobávn), a daughter of Oeneus, (Plut. Tib. Gracchus, 21. ) Crassus succeeded
from whom the town of Mothone was believed to Nasica in the pontificate. Crassus was unsuccess-
have derived its name. (Paus. iv. 35. $ 1. ) [L. S. ] ful in the war. He was attacked at the siege of
MU'CIA. 1. The elder daughter of Q. Mucius Leucae by Aristonicus, and defeated. Between
Scaevola, the celebrated augur, and Laelia, daughter Elaea and Smyrna he was overtaken by the
of C. Laelius Sapiens (LAELIA, No. 1]. She married Thracian body-guard of Aristonicus ; and to avoid
L. Licinius Crassus, the orator, and was renowned being made prisoner, he provoked one of the
for her conversational excellence. (Cic. Brut. 58. Thracians to kill him. His head was carried to
§ 211, de Orat. iii. 12 ; Val. Max. viii. 8. $ 1; Aristonicus.
Quint. Inst. i. 1. $ 6. )
The historian Sempronius Asellio (Gellius, i. 13)
2. With the epithet TERTIA, was the daughter says that Crassus possessed five things, which of
of Q. Mucins Scaevola, the augur, consul in B. c. 95. all good things are the greatest and the chief. He
She was a cousin (soror) of Q. Metellus Celer, was most wealthy, noble, eloquent, most learned in
consul in B c. 60, and of Q. Metellus Nepos, consul the law, and pontifex maximus. The same histo-
in B. c. 57. Mucia married Cn. Pompey, by whom rian records an instance of the unreasonable severity
she had two sons, Cneius and Sextus, and a daughter, with which he punished at the siege of Leucae a
Pompeia. She was divorced by Pompey just be deviation from the strict letter of his orders. Cras-
fore his return from the Mithridatic war in B. C. 62. sus had two daughters; the elder Licinia, was the
i
COIN OP MOSTIS.
## p. 1118 (#1134) ##########################################
1118
MUCIANUS.
MUCIANUS.
borribes
Heures
translatio
(GAUDE:
cals Ma
Dacia L
met tone
Olger edi
It was i
subsecae
works of
Devants
the Hora
Cre; t
tweit
anos.
559. )
MUG
Gens P:
latin fa
1. I
sul for t
B. C.
etter of
the orig
wife of C. Sulpicius Galba, the son of Serv. Sul- | the oath of allegiance to Otho ; but when the civil
picius Galba, consul B. c. 144. (Cic. Brut. 26, war broke out between bim and Vitellius, Vespa-
33. ) The younger Licinia was the wife of C. sian resolved to seize the imperial throne. In this
Sempronius Gracchus (Plut. Tib. Gracchus, 21; resolution he was warmly encouraged by Mucianus,
Dig. 24. tit. 3. 8. 66), according to Plutarch, whose who hoped to have a great share in the exercise of
opinion is supported by the passage in the Digest. the imperial power while Vespasian bore the name.
Crassus was both an orator and a lawyer. As | When Vespasian at length, after great hesitation,
an orator, however, he is considered by Cicero to absumed the imperial title, Mucianus immediately
have been inferior to his contemporary P. Sulpicius administered to his own soldiers the oath of allegi-
Galba. He was, however, a distinguished speaker, ance to the new emperor; and it was resolved that
an eminent jurist (Cic. de Orat. i. 37, 56, Brut. 26), he should march into Europe against Vitellius, while
and a man of exemplary industry, which is shown Vespasian and Titus remained behind in Asia.
by the fact of his mastering the various dialects of Mucianus used great efforts to provide his army
Greek, when he was in Asia, so completely, as to with everything that was necessary; he liberally
be able to make his decrees in the dialect which contributed from his own purse, and unmercifully
the suitor had adopted. (Val. Max. viii. 7. S 6. ) plundered the provincials to obtain a sufficient
No legal work of his is mentioned.
supply of money. However, there was litile occa-
Crassus is mentioned by Pomponius (Dig. 1. tit. sion for his services, for the Vitellians were en-
2. s. 2. $ 40, cc. ) in the following terms: - tirely defeated by Antonius Primus [PRIMUS), of
“ Etiam Lucius Crassus, frater Publii Mucii, qui whom, in consequence, Mucianus became very
Mucianus dictus est. Ilunc Cicero ait juriscon- jealous. Mucianus marched through Phrygia and
sultorum disertissimum. " Grotius considers the Cappadocia, and arrived in Europe just in time to
words " frater . . . dictus est," to be an interpola- repress a rising of the Dacians, who had seized
tion, and that the L. Crassus is not Mucianus, both banks of the Danube. Primus had entered
because he is called Lucius, and because the Rome before Mucianus ; but on the arrival of the
description does not suit him. But it is remarked latter he had to surrender all the power into his
by Zimmern that Cicero calls Mucianus “ in numero hands. Domitian, the son of Vespasian, was nomi-
disertissimorum” (De Orat. i. 56), and he says nally at the head of affairs ; but Mucianus was
the same in substance in another passage (Brut. the real sovereign, and lived in almost regal
26). Besides this, L. Crassus, who must be taken splendour. Still, although he boasted haughtily of
to be Crassus the orator, if the reading of Grotius the services he had rendered to Vespasian, his
is right, was not a jurist. The criticisni of Grotius fidelity never seems to have wavered ; and all his
is therefore groundless. The authorities for the life various measures were calculated to support and
of Mucianus are contained in Drumann, Geschichte strengthen the new dynasty. When Vespasian
Roms, Licinii Crassi, No. 21.
[G. L. ] was on his way to Italy, Mucianus went to Brun-
MUCIANUS, LICI'NIUS, three times consul disium to meet him, accompanied by the principal
in A. D. 52, 70, and 75 respectively, must have Roman nobles. The services of Mucianus had
passed by adoption from the Mucian to the Licinian been so great, that Vespasian continued to show
gens. His character is drawn in a few strokes by him his favour, although his patience was not a
the masterly hand of Tacitus. (Hist. i. 10. ) He little tried by the arrogance of his subject. The
was alike distinguished for good and for evil, for last circumstance recorded of Mucianus is that he
luxurious indulgence and energetic work, for affa- persuaded Vespasian to banish the philosophers
bility and haughtiness ; when he had nothing to from Rome. He seems to have died in the reign
attend to, he revelled in excessive pleasures ; but of Vespasian, as his name does not occur either
when business required his attention, he displayed under Titus or Domitian.
great abilities. Thus his public conduct deserved Mucianus was not only a general and a states-
praise, his private condemnation. As a youth, he man, but an orator and an historian. His powers
courted with assiduity the favour of the powerful, of oratory are greatly praised by Tacitus, who tells
and succeeded in obtaining the consulship in the us that Mucianus could address an auditory even
reign of Claudius, A. D. 52; but having squandered in Greek with great effect. He made a collection
his property, and becoming likewise an object of of the speeches of the republican period, which he
suspicion to Claudius, he went into retirement in arranged and published in eleven books of Acta
Asia, and there lived, says Tacitus, as near to the and three of Epistolae. The subject of his history
condition of an exile as afterwards to that of an is not mentioned ; but, judging from the references
emperor. We gather from Pliny (H. N. xii. 1. s. which Pliny makes to it, it appears to have treated
5) that the place of his retirement was Lycia, into chiefly of the East, and to have contained consider-
which he was sent as legatus by Claudius, as a able information on all geographical subjects. (Tac.
kind of honourable banishment. Under Nero he Hist. i. 10, 76, ii. 4, 5, 76–84, jii.
8, 46, 53, 78,
was again received into the favour of the imperial iv. 4, 11, 39, 80, 85; Suet. Vesp. 6, 13; Dion
court; and at the death of tlmt emperor, A. D. 68, Cass. Ixv. 8, 9, 22, Ixvi. 2, 9, 13; Joseph. B. J.
he had the command of the province of Syria, with iv. 10, 11; Plin. H. N. xii. 1. s. 5, xxviii. 2. s. 5,
four legions, while Vespasian was in the neigh-xxxiv. 7. s. 17, et passim ; Vossius, De Hist. Lat.
bouring country of Judaea, at the head of three. i. 27, p. 140, Lug. Bat. 1651; W'estermann, Gesch.
Up to Nero's death Mucianus and Vespasian had d. Römischen Beredtsankeit, $ 82, n. 19. )
not been on good terms; but after that event they MUCIANUS, M. NO'NIUS A'RRIUS,
were induced, by the interposition of friends, to consul a. D. 201, in the reign of Septimius Severus.
become reconciled to one another, and to act (Fasti. )
together for their mutual advantage ; and their MUCIANUS or MUTIANUS, surnamed
reconciliation was rendered real and lasting by the SCHOLA'STICUS, lived in the middle of the
mediation of Titus, to whom Mucianus became sixth century of our aera, and translated into
much attached. Mucianus and Vespasian both took | Latin, at the request of Cassiodorus, the thirty-foil
Dongs.
2. L.
probabli
R. G 42
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in. difter
(Liv, ir
3. M
sular to
1
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as the
year.
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BC 32
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3.
house
MU
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grand-
MICS
mothe
Cairs.
MU
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MP
monie
as the
## p. 1119 (#1135) ##########################################
S
1119
MUMMIUS.
MUMMIUS.
); be: The
and liais
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Jorged by Macies
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:
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beasted by
and to less
Farered; ad
ated to coperta
homilies of St. Chrysostom on the Epistle to the and L. Scipiones. Mummius, intimidated by Cato,
Hebrews. He had also previously made a Latin withdrew his opposition, and the bill was passed.
translation of the treatise of Gaudentius on Music | He was praetor in B. c. 177, and obtained Sardinia
(Gaudentius), as we learn from Cassiodorus, who for his province. In his prietorship Mummius
calls Mucianus " vir disertissimus. " (Cassiod. was instructed by the senate to put in force a de-
Divin. Lect. 8. ) The translation of the above- cree for dismissing to their respective cities all
mentioned homilies of Chrysostom is still extant, residents at Rome, who were possessed merely of
and has been highly praised by Savil and the the Jus Latii. (Liv. xxxvii. 54, xli. 8. )
other editors of and commentators on Chrysostom. 2. Q. MUMnius, brother of the preceding, was
It was first printed at Cologne, 1530, 8vo. , and his colleague in the tribunate of B. C. 187. (Liv.
subsequently appeared in the Latin editions of the xxxvii. 54. )
works of this father, in which Mucianus is erru- 3. L. MUMMIUS L. P. L. N. ACHAICUS, son of
neously called Mutius. In the Greek editions of No. 1, was practor in n. c. 154. His province
the Homilies the translation of Ilervetus is usually was the further Spain, where, after some serious
given ; but Montfaucon has also printed in the reverses, he finally retriered his reputation by vic-
twelfth volume of his edition the version of Muci- tories over the Lusitanians and Blasto-Phoenicians,
(Fabric. Bible Graec. vol. viii. pp. 558, and triumphed De Lusitaneis in the following year.
559. )
(Appian, Hispan. 56–57; Eutrop. iv. 9 ; Fasti. )
MUGILLANUS, the name of a family of the Mummius was consul in B. c. 146, when he won
Gens Papiria at Rome. The Mugillani were a for himself the surname of Achaicus, by the de-
Latin family from Mugilla. (Dionys. viii. 36. ) struction of Corinth, the conquest of Greece, and
1. L. PAPIRIUS L. F. MUGILLANUS, was con- the establishment of the Roman province of Achaia.
sul for the first time in B. C. 444, and for the second His surname was the more remarkable from the
in B. C. 427. No remarkable event signalised circumstance that Mummius was the first self-raised
either of his consulates, but Mugillanus was one of man-novus homo—who attained a national appel-
the original pair of Censors. (Liv. iv. 7, 8, 30; lation from military service. From the double
Dionys. xi. 62 ; Fasti. )
name of his descendant, Mummia Achaica, the sur-
2. L. PAPIRIUS L. F. L. N. MUGILLANUS son name appears to have been perpetuated in the
probably of the preceding, was consular tribune in Mummian family. The Achaean league, under its
B. C. 422.
As interrex for holding the plebeians weak and rash leaders, the praetors Critoläus and
comitia in the following year, Mugillanus was the Diaeus, had been for some time inspired by a war-
author of a law directing the quaestors to be chosen like spirit alien to their interests and the sounder
indifferently from the patricians and the plebeians policy of earlier years. Q. Caecilius Metellus
(Liv. iv. 44). He was censor in B. C. 418 (Fasti). Macedonicus, practor in B. C. 148, had humbled
3. M. Papirius L. F. MUGILLANUS was con Greece by his victories ; but his leniency deceived
sular tribune in B. C. 418, and again in 416, and the Achaean chiefs, and they persuaded ihemselves
consul in 411 (Liv. iv. 45, 47 ; Fasti). Livy, that Rome was unable to complete its conquest.
however, in 411 gives Atratinus, not Mugillanus, They had assembled an army in the Isthmus
as the cognomen of the Papirius consul in that shortly before the arrival of Mummius. He
year. (Ib. 52. )
promptly dismissed his predecessor, Metellus, de-
4. L. PAPIRIUS MUGILLANUS was consul in feated the army of the league, whose hasty levies
B. C. 326 (Liv. viii. 23 ; Fasti). It is doubtful, were no match for the discipline of the legions, and
however, whether for Mugillanus should not be read entered Corinth without opposition, since the gar-
Cursor, as the surname of the consul. (W. B. D. ] rison and principal inhabitants had abandoned it,
MU'LCIBER, a surname of Vulcan, which and the spirit of Greece was at length completely
seems to have been given to the god as a euphe- broken. The city was burnt, rased, and given up
mism, and for the sake of a good omen, that he to pillage: the native Corinthians were sold for
might not consume by ravaging fire the habitations slaves, and the rarest specimens of Grecian art,
and property of men, but might kindly and bene- which the luxury and opulence of centuries had
volently aid men in their pursuits. It occurs very accumulated, were given up to the rapacity of an
frequently in the Latin poets. (Ov. Met. ii. 5; ignorant conqueror. Polybius the historian, who,
Ars Am. ii. 562. )
[L. S. ) on the fall of Corinth, had come from Africa to
MU'LIUS (Moúros). 1. The son-in-law of mitigate, if possible, the calamities of his country-
Augeas, and husband of Agamede, was slain by men, saw Roman soldiers playing at draughts upon
Nestor. (Hom. Il. xi. 738. )
the far-famed picture of Dionysus by Aristides ;
2. Two Trojans, one of whom was killed by and Mummius himself was so unconscious of the
Patroclus, and the other by Achilles. (Hom.
bliotheca Patrum, Paris, 1644, 1654. (Phot. Cod. a candidate for the aedileship ; and he gives an
199 ; Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. x. p. 124 ; Voss. anecdote of Serv. Sulpicius Galba, who was a distin-
de Hist
. Graec. p. 334, Westermann. ) [C. P. M. ] guished orator, pressing Crassus hard on a question
MOSCHUS," VULCA'TIUS, was banished of law, and of Crassus being compelled to support
from Rome, and admitted as a citizen of Massilia, his legal opinion against the equitable arguments of
to which town he left his property. (Tac. Ann. Servius by referring to the writings of his brother,
iv. 43. )
P. Mucius, and of Sext. Aelius.
MOSTIS, a king of Epeirus, known only to us Mucianus attained the dignity of pontifex maxi-
from coins, a specimen of which is annexed. mus, and A. D. 131 he was elected consul, in
which year he left Rome to conduct the war against
Aristonicus in Asia, who maintained his claim to
BALIAEN
the kingdom of Pergamus against the will of At-
talus III. , who had bequeathed it to the Romans.
Crassus was the first pontifex maximus, according
to Livy (Epit. 59) who went beyond the limits
MOITIAOW of Italy ; but this is not true, unless Scipio Nasica
was deprived of his office, for Nasica was ponti-
fex maximus B. C. 133, after the death of Tib.
Gracchus, and retired to Asia, where he soon died.
MOTHO'NE (Mobávn), a daughter of Oeneus, (Plut. Tib. Gracchus, 21. ) Crassus succeeded
from whom the town of Mothone was believed to Nasica in the pontificate. Crassus was unsuccess-
have derived its name. (Paus. iv. 35. $ 1. ) [L. S. ] ful in the war. He was attacked at the siege of
MU'CIA. 1. The elder daughter of Q. Mucius Leucae by Aristonicus, and defeated. Between
Scaevola, the celebrated augur, and Laelia, daughter Elaea and Smyrna he was overtaken by the
of C. Laelius Sapiens (LAELIA, No. 1]. She married Thracian body-guard of Aristonicus ; and to avoid
L. Licinius Crassus, the orator, and was renowned being made prisoner, he provoked one of the
for her conversational excellence. (Cic. Brut. 58. Thracians to kill him. His head was carried to
§ 211, de Orat. iii. 12 ; Val. Max. viii. 8. $ 1; Aristonicus.
Quint. Inst. i. 1. $ 6. )
The historian Sempronius Asellio (Gellius, i. 13)
2. With the epithet TERTIA, was the daughter says that Crassus possessed five things, which of
of Q. Mucins Scaevola, the augur, consul in B. c. 95. all good things are the greatest and the chief. He
She was a cousin (soror) of Q. Metellus Celer, was most wealthy, noble, eloquent, most learned in
consul in B c. 60, and of Q. Metellus Nepos, consul the law, and pontifex maximus. The same histo-
in B. c. 57. Mucia married Cn. Pompey, by whom rian records an instance of the unreasonable severity
she had two sons, Cneius and Sextus, and a daughter, with which he punished at the siege of Leucae a
Pompeia. She was divorced by Pompey just be deviation from the strict letter of his orders. Cras-
fore his return from the Mithridatic war in B. C. 62. sus had two daughters; the elder Licinia, was the
i
COIN OP MOSTIS.
## p. 1118 (#1134) ##########################################
1118
MUCIANUS.
MUCIANUS.
borribes
Heures
translatio
(GAUDE:
cals Ma
Dacia L
met tone
Olger edi
It was i
subsecae
works of
Devants
the Hora
Cre; t
tweit
anos.
559. )
MUG
Gens P:
latin fa
1. I
sul for t
B. C.
etter of
the orig
wife of C. Sulpicius Galba, the son of Serv. Sul- | the oath of allegiance to Otho ; but when the civil
picius Galba, consul B. c. 144. (Cic. Brut. 26, war broke out between bim and Vitellius, Vespa-
33. ) The younger Licinia was the wife of C. sian resolved to seize the imperial throne. In this
Sempronius Gracchus (Plut. Tib. Gracchus, 21; resolution he was warmly encouraged by Mucianus,
Dig. 24. tit. 3. 8. 66), according to Plutarch, whose who hoped to have a great share in the exercise of
opinion is supported by the passage in the Digest. the imperial power while Vespasian bore the name.
Crassus was both an orator and a lawyer. As | When Vespasian at length, after great hesitation,
an orator, however, he is considered by Cicero to absumed the imperial title, Mucianus immediately
have been inferior to his contemporary P. Sulpicius administered to his own soldiers the oath of allegi-
Galba. He was, however, a distinguished speaker, ance to the new emperor; and it was resolved that
an eminent jurist (Cic. de Orat. i. 37, 56, Brut. 26), he should march into Europe against Vitellius, while
and a man of exemplary industry, which is shown Vespasian and Titus remained behind in Asia.
by the fact of his mastering the various dialects of Mucianus used great efforts to provide his army
Greek, when he was in Asia, so completely, as to with everything that was necessary; he liberally
be able to make his decrees in the dialect which contributed from his own purse, and unmercifully
the suitor had adopted. (Val. Max. viii. 7. S 6. ) plundered the provincials to obtain a sufficient
No legal work of his is mentioned.
supply of money. However, there was litile occa-
Crassus is mentioned by Pomponius (Dig. 1. tit. sion for his services, for the Vitellians were en-
2. s. 2. $ 40, cc. ) in the following terms: - tirely defeated by Antonius Primus [PRIMUS), of
“ Etiam Lucius Crassus, frater Publii Mucii, qui whom, in consequence, Mucianus became very
Mucianus dictus est. Ilunc Cicero ait juriscon- jealous. Mucianus marched through Phrygia and
sultorum disertissimum. " Grotius considers the Cappadocia, and arrived in Europe just in time to
words " frater . . . dictus est," to be an interpola- repress a rising of the Dacians, who had seized
tion, and that the L. Crassus is not Mucianus, both banks of the Danube. Primus had entered
because he is called Lucius, and because the Rome before Mucianus ; but on the arrival of the
description does not suit him. But it is remarked latter he had to surrender all the power into his
by Zimmern that Cicero calls Mucianus “ in numero hands. Domitian, the son of Vespasian, was nomi-
disertissimorum” (De Orat. i. 56), and he says nally at the head of affairs ; but Mucianus was
the same in substance in another passage (Brut. the real sovereign, and lived in almost regal
26). Besides this, L. Crassus, who must be taken splendour. Still, although he boasted haughtily of
to be Crassus the orator, if the reading of Grotius the services he had rendered to Vespasian, his
is right, was not a jurist. The criticisni of Grotius fidelity never seems to have wavered ; and all his
is therefore groundless. The authorities for the life various measures were calculated to support and
of Mucianus are contained in Drumann, Geschichte strengthen the new dynasty. When Vespasian
Roms, Licinii Crassi, No. 21.
[G. L. ] was on his way to Italy, Mucianus went to Brun-
MUCIANUS, LICI'NIUS, three times consul disium to meet him, accompanied by the principal
in A. D. 52, 70, and 75 respectively, must have Roman nobles. The services of Mucianus had
passed by adoption from the Mucian to the Licinian been so great, that Vespasian continued to show
gens. His character is drawn in a few strokes by him his favour, although his patience was not a
the masterly hand of Tacitus. (Hist. i. 10. ) He little tried by the arrogance of his subject. The
was alike distinguished for good and for evil, for last circumstance recorded of Mucianus is that he
luxurious indulgence and energetic work, for affa- persuaded Vespasian to banish the philosophers
bility and haughtiness ; when he had nothing to from Rome. He seems to have died in the reign
attend to, he revelled in excessive pleasures ; but of Vespasian, as his name does not occur either
when business required his attention, he displayed under Titus or Domitian.
great abilities. Thus his public conduct deserved Mucianus was not only a general and a states-
praise, his private condemnation. As a youth, he man, but an orator and an historian. His powers
courted with assiduity the favour of the powerful, of oratory are greatly praised by Tacitus, who tells
and succeeded in obtaining the consulship in the us that Mucianus could address an auditory even
reign of Claudius, A. D. 52; but having squandered in Greek with great effect. He made a collection
his property, and becoming likewise an object of of the speeches of the republican period, which he
suspicion to Claudius, he went into retirement in arranged and published in eleven books of Acta
Asia, and there lived, says Tacitus, as near to the and three of Epistolae. The subject of his history
condition of an exile as afterwards to that of an is not mentioned ; but, judging from the references
emperor. We gather from Pliny (H. N. xii. 1. s. which Pliny makes to it, it appears to have treated
5) that the place of his retirement was Lycia, into chiefly of the East, and to have contained consider-
which he was sent as legatus by Claudius, as a able information on all geographical subjects. (Tac.
kind of honourable banishment. Under Nero he Hist. i. 10, 76, ii. 4, 5, 76–84, jii.
8, 46, 53, 78,
was again received into the favour of the imperial iv. 4, 11, 39, 80, 85; Suet. Vesp. 6, 13; Dion
court; and at the death of tlmt emperor, A. D. 68, Cass. Ixv. 8, 9, 22, Ixvi. 2, 9, 13; Joseph. B. J.
he had the command of the province of Syria, with iv. 10, 11; Plin. H. N. xii. 1. s. 5, xxviii. 2. s. 5,
four legions, while Vespasian was in the neigh-xxxiv. 7. s. 17, et passim ; Vossius, De Hist. Lat.
bouring country of Judaea, at the head of three. i. 27, p. 140, Lug. Bat. 1651; W'estermann, Gesch.
Up to Nero's death Mucianus and Vespasian had d. Römischen Beredtsankeit, $ 82, n. 19. )
not been on good terms; but after that event they MUCIANUS, M. NO'NIUS A'RRIUS,
were induced, by the interposition of friends, to consul a. D. 201, in the reign of Septimius Severus.
become reconciled to one another, and to act (Fasti. )
together for their mutual advantage ; and their MUCIANUS or MUTIANUS, surnamed
reconciliation was rendered real and lasting by the SCHOLA'STICUS, lived in the middle of the
mediation of Titus, to whom Mucianus became sixth century of our aera, and translated into
much attached. Mucianus and Vespasian both took | Latin, at the request of Cassiodorus, the thirty-foil
Dongs.
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homilies of St. Chrysostom on the Epistle to the and L. Scipiones. Mummius, intimidated by Cato,
Hebrews. He had also previously made a Latin withdrew his opposition, and the bill was passed.
translation of the treatise of Gaudentius on Music | He was praetor in B. c. 177, and obtained Sardinia
(Gaudentius), as we learn from Cassiodorus, who for his province. In his prietorship Mummius
calls Mucianus " vir disertissimus. " (Cassiod. was instructed by the senate to put in force a de-
Divin. Lect. 8. ) The translation of the above- cree for dismissing to their respective cities all
mentioned homilies of Chrysostom is still extant, residents at Rome, who were possessed merely of
and has been highly praised by Savil and the the Jus Latii. (Liv. xxxvii. 54, xli. 8. )
other editors of and commentators on Chrysostom. 2. Q. MUMnius, brother of the preceding, was
It was first printed at Cologne, 1530, 8vo. , and his colleague in the tribunate of B. C. 187. (Liv.
subsequently appeared in the Latin editions of the xxxvii. 54. )
works of this father, in which Mucianus is erru- 3. L. MUMMIUS L. P. L. N. ACHAICUS, son of
neously called Mutius. In the Greek editions of No. 1, was practor in n. c. 154. His province
the Homilies the translation of Ilervetus is usually was the further Spain, where, after some serious
given ; but Montfaucon has also printed in the reverses, he finally retriered his reputation by vic-
twelfth volume of his edition the version of Muci- tories over the Lusitanians and Blasto-Phoenicians,
(Fabric. Bible Graec. vol. viii. pp. 558, and triumphed De Lusitaneis in the following year.
559. )
(Appian, Hispan. 56–57; Eutrop. iv. 9 ; Fasti. )
MUGILLANUS, the name of a family of the Mummius was consul in B. c. 146, when he won
Gens Papiria at Rome. The Mugillani were a for himself the surname of Achaicus, by the de-
Latin family from Mugilla. (Dionys. viii. 36. ) struction of Corinth, the conquest of Greece, and
1. L. PAPIRIUS L. F. MUGILLANUS, was con- the establishment of the Roman province of Achaia.
sul for the first time in B. C. 444, and for the second His surname was the more remarkable from the
in B. C. 427. No remarkable event signalised circumstance that Mummius was the first self-raised
either of his consulates, but Mugillanus was one of man-novus homo—who attained a national appel-
the original pair of Censors. (Liv. iv. 7, 8, 30; lation from military service. From the double
Dionys. xi. 62 ; Fasti. )
name of his descendant, Mummia Achaica, the sur-
2. L. PAPIRIUS L. F. L. N. MUGILLANUS son name appears to have been perpetuated in the
probably of the preceding, was consular tribune in Mummian family. The Achaean league, under its
B. C. 422.
As interrex for holding the plebeians weak and rash leaders, the praetors Critoläus and
comitia in the following year, Mugillanus was the Diaeus, had been for some time inspired by a war-
author of a law directing the quaestors to be chosen like spirit alien to their interests and the sounder
indifferently from the patricians and the plebeians policy of earlier years. Q. Caecilius Metellus
(Liv. iv. 44). He was censor in B. C. 418 (Fasti). Macedonicus, practor in B. C. 148, had humbled
3. M. Papirius L. F. MUGILLANUS was con Greece by his victories ; but his leniency deceived
sular tribune in B. C. 418, and again in 416, and the Achaean chiefs, and they persuaded ihemselves
consul in 411 (Liv. iv. 45, 47 ; Fasti). Livy, that Rome was unable to complete its conquest.
however, in 411 gives Atratinus, not Mugillanus, They had assembled an army in the Isthmus
as the cognomen of the Papirius consul in that shortly before the arrival of Mummius. He
year. (Ib. 52. )
promptly dismissed his predecessor, Metellus, de-
4. L. PAPIRIUS MUGILLANUS was consul in feated the army of the league, whose hasty levies
B. C. 326 (Liv. viii. 23 ; Fasti). It is doubtful, were no match for the discipline of the legions, and
however, whether for Mugillanus should not be read entered Corinth without opposition, since the gar-
Cursor, as the surname of the consul. (W. B. D. ] rison and principal inhabitants had abandoned it,
MU'LCIBER, a surname of Vulcan, which and the spirit of Greece was at length completely
seems to have been given to the god as a euphe- broken. The city was burnt, rased, and given up
mism, and for the sake of a good omen, that he to pillage: the native Corinthians were sold for
might not consume by ravaging fire the habitations slaves, and the rarest specimens of Grecian art,
and property of men, but might kindly and bene- which the luxury and opulence of centuries had
volently aid men in their pursuits. It occurs very accumulated, were given up to the rapacity of an
frequently in the Latin poets. (Ov. Met. ii. 5; ignorant conqueror. Polybius the historian, who,
Ars Am. ii. 562. )
[L. S. ) on the fall of Corinth, had come from Africa to
MU'LIUS (Moúros). 1. The son-in-law of mitigate, if possible, the calamities of his country-
Augeas, and husband of Agamede, was slain by men, saw Roman soldiers playing at draughts upon
Nestor. (Hom. Il. xi. 738. )
the far-famed picture of Dionysus by Aristides ;
2. Two Trojans, one of whom was killed by and Mummius himself was so unconscious of the
Patroclus, and the other by Achilles. (Hom.
