No More Learning

The setting sun is swallowed by the green cli s,
And re ections of clouds are washed in the clear pond. Who knows how to escape this vulgar dust
8 And drive his carriage up the south side of Cold Mountain?
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142
寒山詩
HS 131
昨日何悠悠，
場中可憐許。
上為桃李徑，
4 下作蘭蓀渚。 復有綺羅人， 舍中翠毛羽。 相逢欲相喚，
8 脈脈不能語。 HS 132
丈夫莫守困，
無錢須經紀。
養得一牸牛，
4 生得五犢子。 犢子又生兒， 積數無窮已。 寄語陶朱公，
8 富與君相似。
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Hanshan’s Poems 143
HS 131
Yesterday—how serene it was!
And lovely it was in the clearing.
Above, paths through the peach and plum trees,
4 Below, an islet amid the thoroughwort and calamus. And there in the lodge was a girl in patterned silk, Adorned with king sher plumes in her hair.
I met her and wanted to call out to her,
8 But only gazed on her and could not speak.
HS 132
A real man should not bear his poverty;
If he has no cash, he must make his plans. Let him look after a single cow,
4 So it can give birth to ve calves.
If the calves then give birth in turn, There will be no end to what he accrues. Send word then to Master Tao Zhu:
8 “I’m as wealthy as you are! ”1
1 Tao Zhu was the name taken by the famous strategist Fan Li 范蠡 after he left his position as an advisor to the king of Yue. In one early text he advises a man to invest in cattle as a reliable road to wealth.
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144
寒山詩
HS 133
之子何惶惶，
卜居須自審。
南方瘴癘多，
4 北地風霜甚。 荒陬不可居， 毒川難可飲。 魂兮歸去來，
8 食我家園葚。 HS 134
昨夜夢還家，
見婦機中織。
駐梭如有思，
4 擎梭似無力。 呼之迴面視， 況復不相識。 應是別多年，
8 鬢毛非舊色。
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Hanshan’s Poems 145
HS 133
That guy is really frantic—
For he has to be careful in making his home. In the south, miasmal plagues are great,
4 And in the north, the wind and frost are bad. He can’t reside in a backwoods corner,
Nor drink from a poisoned stream.
Oh soul! Come back home again,
8 And eat the mulberries from my garden! 1
HS 134
Last night I returned home in a dream,
And saw my wife weaving at her loom.
She stopped the shuttle as if she brooded on something,
4 Held up the shuttle as if too weak to go on. I called to her, and she turned to look— But it seemed like she didn’t know me.
It must be I’ve been gone for so many years,
8 And the hair at my temples is not the color it was.
1 This last couplet alludes to “The Summons to the Soul,” a poem from the Chuci, in which the speaker attempts to recall a soul to its recently deceased body. Here, the soul stands in for the restless subject of the poem, who is discontentedly seeking the best place to live.
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146
寒山詩
HS 135
人生不滿百，
常懷千載憂。
自身病始可，
4 又為子孫愁。 下視禾根下， 上看桑樹頭。 秤鎚落東海，
8 到底始知休。 HS 136
世有一等流，
悠悠似木頭。
出語無知解，
4 云我百不憂。 問道道不會， 問佛佛不求。 子細推尋著，
8 茫然一場愁。
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Hanshan’s Poems 147
HS 135
A human life won’t last a hundred years, Yet it’s lled with a thousand of worry.
Just as soon as you’re over your own illness,
4 You stew over your sons and grandsons.
Below, you check the earth where the sprouts take root;1 Above, you look at the mulberry trees.
If you drop a steelyard weight in the eastern sea,
8 You know it’s over when it hits bottom. 2
HS 136
There’s a certain type in the world, Unconcerned and wooden-headed. When he opens his mouth, no wisdom;
4 He says, “Nothing ever worries me! ”
Ask him about the Way—he doesn’t understand; Ask him about the Buddha—he hasn’t sought him. If you carefully look into this matter:
8 It’s all muddled, a realm of grief.
1 Reading variant tu 土 (“earth”) for xia 下 (“below”).
2 A proverbial expression that refers to nality—when something heavy falls into
the water, it does not stop until it hits bottom. “Hit bottom” can also mean “in the end”—here referring that human toil only ends with death.
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148
寒山詩
HS 137
董郎年少時，
出入帝京裏。
衫作嫩鵝黃，
4 容儀畫相似。 常騎踏雪馬， 拂拂紅塵起。 觀者滿路傍，
8 箇是誰家子。 HS 138
箇是誰家子，
為人大被憎。
癡心常憤憤，
4 肉眼醉瞢瞢。 見佛不禮佛， 逢僧不施僧。 唯知打大臠，
8 除此百無能。
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Hanshan’s Poems 149
HS 137
When Master Dong was just a young man,1 He frequented the Imperial City,
With his shirt fashioned of goose-yellow silk,
4 And features worthy of a painting.
Always he rode a snow-stepping steed,2 Stirring clouds of red dust wherever he went. And gawkers lled the road to watch:
8 “Just who is that guy anyway? ”
HS 138
Just who is that guy anyway? His character hated by everyone. A foolish mind, always excitable,
4 And carnal sight blind in drunkenness.
He sees Buddha but won’t pay him courtesy, He sees a monk but won’t give him charity. He only knows how to bolt down his meat,
8 And he’s useless for everything else.
1 This is Dong Xian 董賢, a sexual favorite of the doomed last ruler of the Eastern Han dynasty, Aidi 哀帝 (r. 7–1 BCE). He was treated with excessive favor due to his handsome looks, until a palace coup forced him to commit suicide after the death of his master.
2 “Snow-stepping steed” was a steed with four white hooves.
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150
寒山詩
HS 139
人以身為本，
本以心為柄。
本在心莫邪，
4 心邪喪本命。 未能免此殃， 何言懶照鏡。 不念金剛經，
8 却令菩薩病。 HS 140
城北仲家翁，
渠家多酒肉。
仲家婦死時，
4 吊客滿堂屋。 仲翁自身亡， 能無一人哭。 喫他盃臠者，
8 何太冷心腹。
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Hanshan’s Poems
151
HS 139
People should take their Selves as their root, And this root has its application in the mind. Don’t let that root in the mind go bad;
4 For if the mind goes bad, you lose your life’s root. People can never avoid this misfortune!
Why say you’re too lazy to look in the mirror?
If you don’t chant the Diamond Sutra,
8 It makes the bodhisattvas sick.
HS 140
Old Man Zhong from north of town:
His house has so much meat and wine.
So when the lady of the Zhong family died,
4 The mourners lled his halls and rooms.
But when Old Man Zhong himself passed away, Not a single person wept.
Those who drank his wine and ate his meat—
8 How cold-hearted they were!
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152
寒山詩
HS 141
下愚讀我詩，
不解却嗤誚。
中庸讀我詩，
4 思量云甚要。 上賢讀我詩， 把著滿面笑。 楊脩見幼婦，
8 一覽便知妙。 HS 142
自有慳惜人，
我非慳惜輩。
衣單為舞穿，
4 酒盡緣歌啐。 當取一腹飽， 莫令兩脚儽。 蓬蒿鑽髑髏，
8 此日君應悔。
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Hanshan’s Poems 153
HS 141
When a fool reads my verse,
He doesn’t understand, but sco s at it anyway. When a middling type reads my verse,
4 He ponders, then says, “That’s important! ” When a wise one reads my verse,
His whole face breaks out in a smile. When Yang Xiu saw “young bride,”
8 With one glance, he knew it was “marvelous. ”1
HS 142
Naturally there are stingy people in the world, But I am not the stingy type.
My clothes are thin, they wear out as I dance;
4 All the wine is gone, because my song urged the drinking. One ought to eat until you’re full, though,
So that you’re legs don’t tire out.
When brambles grow through your skull:
8 You’ll regret it on that day. 2
1 An anecdote from the Shishuo xin yu describes how Yang Xiu, an advisor to the warlord Cao Cao 曹操, competed with his master to solve a rebus inscribed on a stele in honor of a Lady Cao. Part of the rebus involved interpreting the phrase “young bride” to mean “youthful woman” 少女—the component parts of the character miao 妙, or “marvelous. ”
2 Regret that you did not take your pleasure while alive.
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154
寒山詩
HS 143
我行經古墳，
淚盡嗟存沒。
塚破壓黃腸，
4 棺穿露白骨。 敧斜有瓮缾， 掁撥無簪笏。 風至攬其中，
8 灰塵亂 。 HS 144
夕陽赫西山，
草木光曄曄。
復有朦朧處，
4 松蘿相連接。 此中多伏虎， 見我奮迅鬣。 手中無寸刃，
8 爭不懼懾懾。
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Hanshan’s Poems 155
HS 143
In my travels I passed ancient mounds;
My tears ran out as I lamented life and death.
The tombs had collapsed, weighing down on the yellow wood;1
4 And the co ns were pierced, exposing white bones within. All askew, the urns and the vases;
I barged about, found no hairpins or tallies. 2
A wind came up, stirring everything up;
8 Ashes and dust ew everywhere.
HS 144
The evening sun shines on the western hills; Plants and trees give o a sparkling light. But there are also places of gloom therein,
4 Where pines and vines all intertwine.
And there are many tigers crouching there; When they see me, they rage and bristle. I’ve not the smallest blade at hand,
8 So shouldn’t I tremble in fright?
1 Literally, “yellow innards,” the cypress wood from which co ns were made.
2 Members of the o cial class would have been buried with these ornaments as a sign of the o ces they held while alive. The poet is gesturing to the futility of such
demonstrations when one is dead.
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156
寒山詩
HS 145
出身既擾擾，
世事非一狀。
未能捨流俗，
4 所以相追訪。 昨吊徐五死， 今送劉三葬。 終日不得閑，
8 為此心悽愴。 HS 146
有樂且須樂，
時哉不可失。
雖云一百年，
4 豈滿三萬日。 寄世是須臾， 論錢莫啾唧。 孝經末後章，
8 委曲陳情畢。
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Hanshan’s Poems 157
HS 145
Since I’ve been in this world, it’s a muddle— And there are so many di erent jobs to do.
I could never abandon everyday things,
4 And so I still bustle o to manage them. Yesterday I mourned the death of Xu Five; Today, I take Liu Three to his grave.
All day long, not a moment of rest;
8 Because of this, I’m always tormented.
HS 146
When you have music, take your joy for now; You mustn’t lose this chance!
Though people speak of “a hundred years,”
4 We don’t even last thirty thousand days. Our time in this world is but a moment, So don’t bicker over the cost of things!
The last chapter of the Classic of Filial Piety
8 With some subtlety tells of this matter. 1
1 The reference to the Classic of Filial Piety is satiric. The nal chapter of this work describes the proper demeanor for someone mourning the death of a parent; one phrase says, “He is not happy when he hears music. ”
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158
寒山詩
HS 147
獨坐常忽忽，
情懷何悠悠。
山腰雲縵縵，
4 谷口風颼颼。 猿來樹嫋嫋， 鳥入林啾啾。 時催鬢颯颯，
8 歲盡老惆惆。 HS 148
一人好頭肚，
六藝盡皆通。
南見驅歸北，
4 西逢趂向東。 長漂如汎萍， 不息似飛蓬。 問是何等色，
8 姓貧名曰窮。
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Hanshan’s Poems 159
HS 147
I sit alone, ever lost in thought,
While my feelings within drift away. Clouds trail and turn on the mountainside,
4 And the wind whistles at the mouth of the valley. Gibbons come—the trees sway back and forth; Birds enter in—the forest echoes their song. Time hastens my gray hairs: they wither.
8 The year ends: I am old and grieving.
HS 148
Here’s a ne gure of a man,
Conversant with all the Six Arts.
When you see him in the south, he’s hurrying home north;
4 When you meet him in the west, he’s rushing to the east. Ever drifting like oating duckweed;
Never at rest, like drifting brambles.
If you ask him just what type he is:
8 His name is “Impoverished Desperation. ”
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160
寒山詩
HS 149
他賢君即受，
不賢君莫與。
君賢他見容，
4 不賢他亦拒。 嘉善矜不能， 仁徒方得所。 勸逐子張言，
8 拋却卜商語。 HS 150
俗薄真成薄，
人心箇不同。
殷翁笑柳老，
4 柳老笑殷翁。 何故兩相笑， 俱行譣詖中。 裝車競嵽嵲，
8 翻載各瀧涷。
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Hanshan’s Poems 161
HS 149
“If others are worthy, then you accept them;
If they’re not worthy, you shouldn’t be with them. ” “If you are worthy, they will accept you;
4 And if you’re not worthy, they’ll reject you. Praise talent, and comfort inability;
Only then will the benevolent nd their place. ” I urge you to follow Zizhang’s words,
8 And reject the speech of Bu Shang. 1
HS 150
The shallowness of laypeople is truly shallow; Every human mind is di erent.
Grandpa Yin laughs at Ga er Liu,
4 And Ga er Liu laughs at Grandpa Yin.
And why should they laugh at teach other, Since both are adept at craftiness?
Vie in loading your carts high as a mountain:
8 They’ll tip over, and all you’ll have is a mess.
1 The whole poem adapts Analects 19. 3. In it, the advice of Confucius’ disciple Bu Shang is contrasted unfavorably with the more compassionate and self-critical views of another disciple, Zizhang.
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162
寒山詩
HS 151
是我有錢日，
恆為汝貸將。
汝今既飽暖，
4 見我不分張。 須憶汝欲得， 似我今承望。 有無更代事，
8 勸汝熟思量。 HS 152
人生一百年，
佛說十二部。
慈悲如野鹿，
4 瞋忿似家狗。 家狗趂不去， 野鹿常好走。 欲伏獼猴心，
8 須聽師子吼。
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Hanshan’s Poems 163
HS 151
In the days when I had money,
I would always lend some to you.
Now that you are already well-fed and warm,
4 When you see me you won’t share.
You should remember that when you were in want, That’s like me now hoping for something.
Having and not having will come in their turn—
8 I urge you to think long on that.
HS 152
Human life, a hundred years;
The Buddha’s words in twelve sections. 1 Compassion is like a wild deer,
4 While wrath is like the household dog.
Drive away the dog, but he always comes back, While the deer is always eager to ee.
If you wish to subdue your monkey-mind,
8 Then you must heed the lion’s roar. 2
1 A reference to a traditional way of organizing scriptures in the Buddhist tradition; the categories include types of preaching—gāthas, avadānas, conventional sermons, etc.
2 A common metaphor for the Buddha’s preaching.
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164
寒山詩
HS 153
教汝數般事，
思量知我賢。
極貧忍賣屋，
4 纔富須買田。 空腹不得走， 枕頭須莫眠。 此言期眾見，
8 挂在日東邊。 HS 154
寒山多幽奇，
登者皆恆懾。
月照水澄澄，
4 風吹草獵獵。 凋梅雪作花， 杌木雲充葉。 觸雨轉鮮靈，
8 非晴不可涉。
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Hanshan’s Poems 165
HS 153
Let me teach you a few things—
If you think about it, you’ll know I’m wise.
If you’re very poor, refrain from selling the house;
4 When wealthy again, you must buy elds. Don’t run on an empty stomach,
Don’t sleep with a comfortable pillow. 1 These words I hope everyone will see—
8 Let them be hung high with the rising sun.
HS 154
There are many hidden marvels at Cold Mountain; Climbers there are constantly in awe.
Moon shines on the water, clear and still;
4 Wind blows, rustling through the grass.
Snow puts owers on withered plum branches, And clouds serve as leaves for branchless trees. Things are even more fresh and lively when it rains,
8 But you can only get there when it’s clear.
1 I. e. , do not make yourself at ease when you go to sleep, or you will lose alertness.
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166
寒山詩
HS 155
有樹先林生，
計年逾一倍。
根遭陵谷變，
4 葉被風霜改。 咸笑外凋零， 不憐內紋綵。 皮膚脫落盡，
8 唯有貞實在。 HS 156
寒山有躶蟲，
身白而頭黑。
手把兩卷書，
4 一道將一德。 住不安釜竈， 行不齎衣祴。 常持智慧劍，
8 擬破煩惱賊。
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Hanshan’s Poems 167
HS 155
There’s a tree that predates the forest;
More than twice as old, if you count up the years. Its roots have met the change of valley and slope,1
4 And its leaves have been altered by wind and frost. Everyone laughs at its withered exterior,
No one cherishes its ne patterns within;
And when its bark is stripped away,
8 Only then will its pure essence remain.
HS 156
There’s a naked beast on Cold Mountain, With a white body and black hair.
In his hand he holds a two-chapter book,
4 One called “Way,” the other “Power. ”2
At home he has not set up his pan and stove, And when he goes out he wears no cassock. He always grasps a sword of wisdom,
8 Planning to smash the kleśa bandits.
1 A recurring Chinese image describes the immense passage of time as the period it takes for a valley to become a hill, and vice versa.
2 The Laozi (which is also called The Classic of the Way and Its Power).
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168
寒山詩
HS 157
有人畏白首，
不肯舍朱紱。
采藥空求仙，
4 根苗亂挑掘。 數年無效驗， 癡意瞋怫鬱。 獵師披袈裟，
8 元非汝使物。 HS 158
昔時可可貧，
今朝最貧凍。
作事不諧和，
4 觸途成倥傯。 行泥屢腳屈， 坐社頻腹痛。 失却斑猫兒，
8 老鼠圍飯瓮。
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Hanshan’s Poems 169
HS 157
There are people who fear their white hair,
Yet they’re unwilling to resign their vermilion sash. 1 They pick herbs, vainly seeking Transcendence,
4 Wildly digging up roots and sprouts.
For several years now they’ve had no success, Their foolish thoughts turn angry and uneasy. They’re hunters who don the cassocks of monks—
8 They shouldn’t use those from the start.
HS 158
I was rather poor in past days,
But this morning I’m most poor and cold! Nothing I do works out the way it should,
4 And everything turns to grief and hardship.
When walking through mud I always slip;
When I attend the season festivals I get indigestion. And now when I’ve lost my tortoiseshell cat,
8 The rats are circling the rice jar.
1 A sign of o cial o ce.
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170
寒山詩
HS 159a
我見世間人，
堂堂好儀相。
不報父母恩，
4 方寸底模樣。 欠負他人錢， 蹄穿始惆悵。 箇箇惜妻兒，
8 爺孃不供養。 兄弟似冤家， 心中長悵怏。 憶昔少年時，
12 求神願成長。 今為不孝子， 世間多此樣。 買肉自家噇，
16 抹觜道我暢。 自逞說嘍囉， 聰明無益當。 牛頭努目瞋，
20 出去始時曏。
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Hanshan’s Poems 171
HS 159a1
I see the people in this world:
Loftily they put on a distinguished air. But they don’t repay their parents’ grace;
4 Just what is their inch of heart like?
When they owe others money,
They’ll only grieve when their hoofs are worn away. 2 Each only cherishes wife and child,
8 And does not provide for Mom and Dad. Brothers treat each other as enemies, Their minds ever moody and annoyed.
I remember when they were still young,
12 Their parents prayed that they’d grow up well. And now they’ve become un lial sons— Most people in the world are like this.
They buy meat and eat it for themselves,
16 Wipe their beaks and say “I feel great! ”
They boast of themselves and their witty speech,
Their unsurpassable cleverness.
But when the bull-headed demons glare at them in rage,3
20 Only then will they want to escape.
1 I am certain that 159 consists of two poems, for the following reasons: 1) ll 21–36 have no thematic connection to ll. 1–20; 2) ending a poem with a threat of Hell (ll. 19–20) is common elsewhere in the corpus (see HS 56, SD 5, SD 12); 3) ll. 21–22 rhyme—a frequent technique employed in the opening couplet of a Hanshan poem.
2 This refers to a popular Buddhist belief that those who die owing money will be reborn as a beast of burden that will repay the debt with its labor.
3 Bull-headed demons serve as guards in Hell.
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172
寒山詩
HS 159b
擇佛燒好香，
揀僧歸供養。
羅漢門前乞，
4 趂却閒和尚。 不悟無為人， 從來無相狀。 封疏請名僧，
8 䞋錢兩三樣。 雲光好法師， 安角在頭上。 汝無平等心，
12 聖賢俱不降。 凡聖皆混然， 勸君休取相。 我法妙難思，
16 天龍盡迴向。
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Hanshan’s Poems 173
HS 159b
They select a Buddha, burn ne incense,
Pick a monk, do him homage, make o erings. But as for the Arhat begging before their gates—
4 They drive him away as an idle cleric. 1
They are not aware that the man without activity Never displays exterior signs. 2
They compose letters to invite eminent monks,
8 O ering money two or three times.
Yunguang was a ne dharma master,
But now he wears horns on his head. 3
If you don’t have a mind that holds all things as equal,
12 Then sages and worthies will not descend to you. 4 The common and the sagely are intermingled;
I urge you to cease making distinctions.
My dharma is marvelous, hard to think about;
16 But all magic beings will pledge their deeds to it.
1 This poem draws on legends concerning Pin. d. ola (Bintoulu 賓頭盧), one of the Arhats who the Buddha requested should remain behind in samsara to aid practitioners. He was famous for his gluttony (in reality, “greedy” for the charity of pious laypeople), and as a result he became in East Asia a sort of patron of monastery refectories. He is said to wander the world in disguise, visiting monasteries and maigre feasts prepared by lay believers. An early tale describes how he was driven away by a servant from a maigre feast because he was dressed in rags.
2 “Without activity” (wu wei) generally has Daoist associations; but in Buddhism it can describe the conduct of enlightened beings, who do not generate karma in whatever they do.
3 Yunguang was an antinomian monk he boasted that he was above the monastic precepts. He was reborn as a cow.
4 The typically Confucian terms “sages and worthies” here probably stand in for Buddhas and bodhisattvas.
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174
寒山詩
HS 160
我今稽首禮，
無上法中王。
慈悲大喜捨，
4 名稱滿十方。 眾生作依怙， 智慧身金剛。 頂禮無所著，
8 我師大法王。 HS 161
可貴天然物，
獨一無伴侶。
覓他不可見，
4 出入無門戶。 促之在方寸， 延之一切處。 你若不信受，
8 相逢不相遇。
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Hanshan’s Poems 175
HS 160
I now bow low in reverence
To the unsurpassed Prince of the Dharma. Compassionate, delighted in surrendering all;
4 Praise of his name lls the ten directions.
All living things depend on him;
All-wise, with a body of diamond.
I prostrate myself before the one without attachments;
8 I take the Great Dharma Prince as my teacher.
HS 161
Precious, this natural thing! Alone it stands, without a match. Look for it—it’s invisible,
4 Goes in and out, no gate or door. Contract it all within the inch of mind, Or stretch it out to everywhere.
But if you don’t have faith in it,
8 You’ll meet it and not notice it.
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176
寒山詩
HS 162
余家有一窟，
窟中無一物。
淨潔空堂堂，
4 光華明日日。 蔬食養微軀， 布裘遮幻質。 任你千聖現，
8 我有天真佛。 HS 163
男兒大丈夫，
作事莫莽鹵。
勁挺鐵石心，
4 直取菩提路。 邪路不用行， 行之枉辛苦。 不要求佛果，
8 識取心王主。
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Hanshan’s Poems 177
HS 162
There is a cavern at my house,
And in that cavern—not a single thing. It is clean and pure, empty and lofty,
4 And light shines in it, bright as the sun.
Plain fare nourishes my trivial form,
And a hempen robe covers my illusory substance. You can have the manifestation of a thousand sages;
8 I have the truly existing Buddha.
HS 163
Gentlemen, you stalwart fellows,
Don’t be careless in what you do.
Firmly hold on to your mind of iron and stone,
4 Follow directly the path to enlightenment.
Useless to go down heterodox paths;
If you do, you’ll just bring yourself pointless hardship. Don’t seek out the fruits of Buddhahood;
8 Rather, recognize the Prince and Master of your mind.
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178
寒山詩
HS 164
粵自居寒山，
曾經幾萬載。
任運遯林泉，
4 棲遲觀自在。 寒巖人不到， 白雲常靉靆。 細草作臥褥，
8 青天為被蓋。 快活枕石頭， 天地任變改。
HS 165
可重是寒山，
白雲常自閑。
猿啼暢道內，
4 虎嘯出人間。 獨步石可履， 孤吟藤好攀。 松風清颯颯，
8 鳥語聲 。
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Hanshan’s Poems 179
HS 164
Since I’ve been living at Cold Mountain, Thousands and thousands of years have passed. I surrender to fate, hide in forests and streams;
4 Whether at rest or wandering I observe the spontaneous.
People don’t come to Cold Cli ,
And the white clouds are lowering around me.
Slender grass serves as my mattress,
8 And the blue sky is my canopy overhead. Delighted, I pillow my head on a stone, As Heaven and Earth surrender to change.
HS 165
Cold Mountain, something to be valued; White clouds always drifting calmly. Gibbons chatter, singing a song of the Way;1
4 Tigers roar as they come out among men.
I can navigate the rocks in my solitary walk, Climbing the vines as I chant poems alone. The clear pine-wind whistles and roars,
8 And the speech of birds twitters around me.
1 Line three is open to interpretation and revision. I agree with Xiang Chu and assume that the line is textually corrupted and should read 猿啼唱道曲. This is based on a similar line in Shide SD 54, and on a number of Chan texts that speak of people “singing a song of the Way” (chang dao qu 唱道曲). This might also clarify the fourth line, in which the tigers “roar”; the verb used here is also the noise produced by a form of Daoist hygienic breath control. In that case, both gibbons and tigers are civilized religious cultivators, and both the poet and nature are making appropriate noises (this sound production continues in lines 6–8).
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180
寒山詩
HS 166
閑自訪高僧，
煙山萬萬層。
師親指歸路，
月挂一輪燈。
HS 167
閒遊華頂上，
日朗晝光輝。
四顧晴空裏，
白雲同鶴飛。
HS 168
世有多事人，
廣學諸知見。
不識本真性，
4 與道轉懸遠。 若能明實相， 豈用陳虛願。 一念了自心，
8 開佛之知見。
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Hanshan’s Poems 181
HS 166
In leisure I visit a lofty monk,
Through myriad on myriad of misty hills.
The master himself points the road back home: Where the moon hangs its single-wheeled lamp.
HS 167
At leisure I wander on Huading Peak;1 Sunlight reveals all in its daytime glow.
I look all around me within this clear void; The white clouds are ying with the cranes.
HS 168
In the world there are men of many a airs,
Broad in learning, with many elds of knowledge. But they don’t recognize their original true nature,
4 And drift further and further apart from the Way. If you can illumine your actual attributes,2
There is no point in making empty vows.
With one thought you comprehend the Self-Mind,
8 And you reveal the Buddha’s “ eld of knowledge”!
1 Huading is the highest peak of the Tiantai range.
2 “Attributes” here (xiang) is meant to translate lak. san. a, a term broadly meant to refer
to de ning characteristics. Often enlightened beings are said to transcend them or to not manifest them (as in l. 6 of 159b, “exterior signs”). However, here shi xiang is meant to indicate “true” identity or attributes, independent of the attributes manifested in samsara.
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182
寒山詩
HS 169
寒山有一宅，
宅中無闌隔。
六門左右通，
4 堂中見天碧。 房房虛索索， 東壁打西壁。 其中一物無，
8 免被人來惜。 寒到燒輭火， 飢來煑菜喫。 不學田舍翁，
12 廣置牛莊宅。 盡作地獄業， 一入何曾極。 好好善思量，
16 思量知軌則。
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Hanshan’s Poems
183
HS 169
On Cold Mountain there’s a dwelling; And the dwelling has no fence or bars. Its six gates are open to left and right,
4 The blue sky can be seen from the hall. Room after room—all are empty,
The east walls knock into the west walls. I don’t keep anything inside
8 So people won’t come and gawk at it. When it’s cold I’ll light a modest re, When hungry I’ll boil some greens to eat. I’m not like those old geezer farmers,
12 Who keep lots of oxen on their ranch. All of them build up Hell-bound karma. When will it end once they enter there? Think about this now good and hard,
16 Then you’ll see the principle behind it.
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184
寒山詩
HS 170
儂家暫下山，
入到城隍裏。
逢見一群女，
4 端正容貌美。 頭戴蜀樣花， 燕脂塗粉膩。 金釧鏤銀朵，
8 羅衣緋紅紫。 朱顏類神仙， 香帶氛氳氣。 時人皆顧眄，
12 癡愛染心意。 謂言世無雙， 魂影隨他去。 狗齩枯骨頭，
16 虛自舐脣齒。 不解返思量， 與畜何曾異。 今成白髮婆，
20 老陋若精魅。 無始由狗心， 不超解脫地。
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Hanshan’s Poems 185
HS 170
For a time I descended from the mountain, Coming at last to the city moat.
And there I met a ock of girls,
4 Poised they were, with lovely features. Shu-blossom ornaments on their heads,1 Rouge on cheeks, their painted powder sleek. Gold bracelets ligreed with silver blooms,
8 Silken robes, all red, crimson, and purple. Ruddy faces, like those of a goddess, Fragrant sashes in a billowing haze.
Men nowadays all give them the eye,
12 With foolish lust that would stain their minds. They think those girls have no peer in the world, And their soul-shadows chase after them.
Now if a dog chews on a dried-up bone,
16 In vain he licks his chops and teeth.
They don’t know how to ponder this truth: That they’re no di erent from the beasts. Now girls all turn to white-haired grannies,
20 Old and mean, like mountain ghouls.
If you act with a dog’s mind from the start, You won’t reach the place of liberation.
1 The region of Shu (modern Sichuan) was famous in Tang times for the arti cial ower-ornaments it produced.
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186
寒山詩
HS 171
一自遯寒山，
養命餐山果。
平生何所憂，
4 此世隨緣過。 日月如逝川， 光陰石中火。 任你天地移，
8 我暢巖中坐。 HS 172
我見世間人，
茫茫走路塵。
不知此中事，
4 將何為去津。 榮華能幾日， 眷屬片時親。 縱有千斤金，
8 不如林下貧。
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Hanshan’s Poems 187
HS 171
Since I’ve hidden away at Cold Mountain,
I’ve been eating mountain fruit, nourishing my life. What do I have to worry about in this existence?
4 I pass through this world following my karma. Days and months pass like a departing stream, Time is just a ash from a int stone.
You may change along with Heaven and Earth;
8 But I’ll delight in sitting here on my cli .
HS 172
I see the people of this world:
At a loss, they hurry through the dust on the road. They don’t know the Central Matter,1
4 So how can they make a future path?
How many days can glory last?
Dear ones are close to you but a short time. Even if you had a thousand pounds of gold,
8 It’s better to live impoverished in the woods.
1 The Buddhist Dharma—here, the phrase is synonymous with 箇中意 in HS 105.
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188
寒山詩
HS 173
自聞梁朝日，
四依諸賢士。
寶志萬迴師，
4 四仙傅大士。 顯揚一代教， 任持如來使。 造建僧伽藍，
8 信心歸佛理。 雖乃得如斯， 有為多患累。 與道殊懸遠，
12 折東補西爾。 不達無為功， 損多益少利。 有聲而無形，
16 至今何處去。
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Hanshan’s Poems 189
HS 173
I myself have heard of the days of the Liang, The Four Steadfasts, all worthy gentlemen;1 Baozhi, teacher Wanhui,2
4 The Four Transcendents, Great Layman Fu. 3
They made manifest the Faith for an entire age; They took up the task as the Tathāgata’s emissaries, Establishing and constructing monasteries.
8 Their minds of faith submitted to the Buddha’s laws. But even though they accomplished such things, Actions of merit bring many worrisome burdens. They drifted further apart from the Way,
12 Merely took from the east to ll in for the west. 4
They didn’t comprehend the merit of non-action,
The bene t of losing much and gaining little. 5
Though they made their names, they themselves have vanished,
16 And where have they all gone now?
1 Commentators are not agreed on the meaning of si yi here, which could either mean “four groups that may be relied on” or “four kinds of reliance. ”
2 Baozhi (418–514) was a famous wonder-working monk. Wanhui was an early Tang monk; the poem seems to have confused his era here.
3 The text’s si xian 四仙 (Four Transcendents) is a puzzle. Usually “transcendents” is a Daoist term, so it is unclear whether the poet is con ating Daoist and Buddhist teachings here (not impossible in the Tang era), or whether this is an error for something else. Various lists of Daoist adepts have been suggested. Xiang Chu makes a reasonable if unprovable speculation that the text has miscopied Sizhou 泗州, another name for the eminent Liang-era mong Sengqie 僧伽. I have chosen to leave the text as is. Great Layman Fu (497–569) became a prominent teacher and propagator of the faith during the Liang era.
4 A proverb meaning that one makes no forward gains, but merely distributes what is already there for appearance’s sake.
5 Or, “so their loss was great, with increasingly little pro t. ” How one reads the line depends on whether the poet is emphasizing the seeming paradox of non-action.
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190
寒山詩
HS 174
吁嗟貧復病，
為人絕友親。
甕裏長無飯，
4 甑中屢生塵。 蓬庵不免雨， 漏榻劣容身。 莫怪今憔悴，
8 多愁定損人。 HS 175
養女畏太多，
已生須訓誘。
捺頭遣小心，
4 鞭背令緘口。 未解秉機杼， 那堪事箕箒。 張婆語驢駒，
8 汝大不如母。
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Hanshan’s Poems 191
HS 174
Alas! To be poor and sick as well,
And cut o from contact with friend or kin. A storage jar often empty of rice
4 And a steamer that tends to collect dust.
An overgrown hut that doesn’t keep out the rain, A broken-down couch with no room for one. Don’t wonder that I’ve grown haggard now:
8 Too many worries will wear you down.
HS 175
We fear having too many daughters;
But once one is born, we must train her carefully. Force her head down and compel her to be careful,
4 Beat her on the back to make her shut her mouth.
If she never understands how to use loom and shuttle, How can she serve with dustpan and broom? 1
As Granny Zhang said to her donkey’s foals,
8 “You’re not as big as your mother! ”2
1 “Serve with dustpan and broom” is a standard locution for getting married. 2 I. e. , every generation is worse than the one before it.
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192
寒山詩
HS 176
秉志不可卷，
須知我匪席。
浪造山林中，
4 獨臥盤陀石。 辯士來勸余， 速令受金璧。 鑿牆植蓬蒿，
8 若此非有益。 HS 177
以我棲遲處，
幽深難可論。
無風蘿自動，
4 不霧竹長昏。 澗水緣誰咽， 山雲忽自屯。 午時庵內坐，
8 始覺日頭暾。
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Hanshan’s Poems 193
HS 176
I hold to my will, it cannot be rolled up; You must understand—I am not a mat. 1 Freely I go o to the mountain wood,
4 Where I lie alone on a great at rock.
Expert debaters come to persuade me,
To make me accept gold and jade right away. 2 If you bore through the wall to plant brambles,
8 There’s no bene t to be found in that!
HS 177
This place in which I rest and wander:
Hard to describe how secluded and deep.
Vines rustle on their own when there’s no wind,
4 And bamboo thickets are dark, even when there’s no fog. For whom does this stream water gurgle?
The mountain clouds will swiftly pile up.
I stay seated in my hut until noon,
8 Only then aware of the sunlight’s growing warmth.
1 An allusion to from the Shijing, #26 (Bo zhou): “My mind is not a mat, / it cannot be rolled up. ”
2 Gifts from the ruler who wishes to lure him from his reclusion and to give him o cial o ce.
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194
寒山詩
HS 178
憶昔遇逢處，
人間逐勝遊。
樂山登萬仞，
4 愛水泛千舟。 送客琵琶谷， 攜琴鸚鵡洲。 焉知松樹下，
8 抱膝冷颼颼。 HS 179
報汝修道者，
進求虛勞神。
人有精靈物，
4 無字復無文。 呼時歷歷應， 隱處不居存。 叮嚀善保護，
8 勿令有點痕。
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Hanshan’s Poems 195
HS 178
I recall all my past encounters,
When I’d go on splendid travels in the world of men.
I delighted in hills—climbed up ten thousand fathoms;
4 I loved the waters— oated in a thousand boats.
I saw o my guests at Lute Valley,1
Walked with zither under my arm on Parrot Island. 2 How could I have known, here under this pine tree,
8 I’d sit hugging my knees, chilled by the gale?
HS 179
I tell all of you who practice the Way: Vain to labor your spirit in striving. People have a pure essence within,
4 Without a name, without a sign. Call it and it clearly answers,
Yet has no hidden place to dwell. Be careful to guard it always—
8 Don’t let it have a spot or scratch.
1 Lute Valley is still unidenti ed. It may simply be an invention for the purposes of parallelism.
2 A scenic islet in the Yangtze near Wuhan, frequently visited by travelers.
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196
寒山詩
HS 180
去年春鳥鳴，
此時思弟兄。
今年秋菊爛，
4 此時思發生。 淥水千場咽， 黃雲四面平。 哀哉百年內，
8 腸斷憶咸京。 HS 181
多少天台人，
不識寒山子。
莫知真意度，
喚作閑言語。
HS 182
一住寒山萬事休，
更無雜念挂心頭。
閑書石壁題詩句，
任運還同不繫舟。
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Hanshan’s Poems 197
HS 180
Last year, when the spring birds sang—
That’s when I longed for my brothers.
This year, when the fall chrysanthemums bloomed—
4 That’s when I longed for burgeoning spring. Clear waters gurgle in a thousand places, And brown clouds ll the entire sky. Alas—within this life of mine
8 I think with broken heart of Xianyang. 1
HS 181
So many people at Tiantai
Do not recognize Master Cold Mountain. No one knows his true meaning,
Calling it merely idle speech.
HS 182
As soon as I moved to Cold Mountain, all the a airs of the world ceased,
And no more were there distracting thoughts to hang upon the mind. Idly I write on stony cli s, inscribing my lines of verse;
Turning myself over to fate just like an unmoored boat. 2
1 This poem is one of the most enigmatic in the collection. Some commentators point to the “brown clouds” in line six, which occurs in Tang poetry as an image of warfare on the frontiers; combining this with the nal reference to Xianyang, they interpret it as the poet’s lament over the fall of the capital area during the An Lushan 安祿山 rebellion in 756, reading the longing for spring in line four as a longing for the ourishing days of the Tang. However, granted the general lack of historical speci city in the collection overall, this is still highly speculative.
2 This and HS 271 are the only two poems that refer to the poet writing poems on natural surfaces.
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198
寒山詩
HS 183
可惜百年屋，
左倒右復傾。
牆壁分散盡，
4 木植亂差橫。 甎瓦片片落， 朽爛不堪停。 狂風吹驀塌，
8 再豎卒難成。 HS 184
精神殊爽爽，
形貌極堂堂。
能射穿七札，
4 讀書覽五行。 經眠虎頭枕， 昔坐象牙牀。 若無阿堵物，
8 不啻冷如霜。
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Hanshan’s Poems 199
HS 183
What a pity, this hundred-year old house;1 The left side collapsed, the right side aslant. The walls have all melted away,
4 And the wooden supports stick out across.
Roof tiles have fallen o one by one;
No one can halt its rotting away.
If a gust of wind were to blow, it would collapse at once;
8 Then it would be impossible to build it up again.
HS 184
Your spirit may be very clear and quick,
Your body quite tall and imposing.
You can shoot arrows through seven layers of armor,
4 Or read books ve lines at a time.
You may have slept on a tiger-head pillow, Or always sat on an ivory couch.
But if you didn’t have “that thing,”2
8 You’d only be as desolate as frost.
1 The term “hundred years” here informs the reader that the house is an allegory for human life.
2 E du wu (“that thing”) is a euphemism for money; rst mentioned in an anecdote from the Shishuo xinyu, in which the aristocrat Wang Yifu used the term because he would not pollute his mouth with the word for money.
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200
寒山詩
HS 185
笑我田舍兒，
頭頰底縶澀。
巾子未曾高，
4 腰帶長時急。 非是不及時， 無錢趂不及。 一日有錢財，
8 浮圖頂上立。 HS 186
買肉血 ，
買魚跳鱍鱍。
君身招罪累，
4 妻子成快活。 纔死渠便嫁， 他人誰敢遏。 一朝如破牀，
8 兩箇當頭脫。
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Hanshan’s Poems 201
HS 185
They laugh at me since I’m a hick:
My looks are pretty crude,
And my head cloth is never tall enough,
4 And I always pull my belt too tight.
It’s not that I’m not caught up with the times— I’m just too broke to follow them.
When one day I’ve got the money,
8 I’ll wear a pagoda on my head.
HS 186
Buy meat with the blood still trickling,
Buy sh while they still leap about.
You are summoning the burden of sin on yourself,
4 Just to make wife and children happy. When you nally die she’ll marry again, And no one else dare prevent it.
One day, you two will be like a broken bed,
8 Pulled apart from head to foot. 1
1 Though the last image may simply refer to the separation of husband from wife, it is not impossible that it may refer to the punishments both wife and husband will receive in Hell—since Hell punishments are mentioned almost inevitably in the HS and SD poems as the result of meat-eating. Compare HS 36, 95, 159a, 233; and SD 2, 4, 5, 12, and 39.
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202
寒山詩
HS 187
客難寒山子，
君詩無道理。
吾觀乎古人，
4 貧賤不為恥。 應之笑此言， 談何疏闊矣。 願君似今日，
8 錢是急事爾。 HS 188
從生不往來，
至死無仁義。
言既有枝葉，
4 心懷便險詖。 若其開小道， 緣此生大偽。 詐說造雲梯，
8 削之成棘刺。
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Hanshan’s Poems 203
HS 187
A guest criticized Master Cold Mountain: “Your poems make no sense. ”
“But I’ve observed the Ancients:
4 With them, poverty and humble station were not shameful. ” He replied to this: “I laugh at your words!
How wide of the mark your conversation is!
I wish you would act as the moderns do:
8 Money is the important thing. ”
HS 188
From birth, no traveling about;
Until death, no “kindness” or “justice. ”1
Once your words shoot o branches and leaves,
4 Then the heart harbors deviousness.
If you open access to the petty ways,
Then they will give rise to great fraud.
Falsely persuade someone to build a scaling ladder,
8 Then whittle it away until it turns to splinters.
1 Both of these lines have their roots in sentiments expressed in early Daoist texts: people who are content do not travel about; and the truly contented country has no need for the Confucian virtues of kindness (ren) or justice ( yi).
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204
寒山詩
HS 189
一缾鑄金成，
一缾埏泥出。
二缾任君看，
4 那箇缾牢實。 欲知缾有二， 須知業非一。 將此驗生因，
8 修行在今日。 HS 190
摧殘荒草廬，
其中煙火蔚。
借問群小兒，
4 生來凡幾日。 門外有三車， 迎之不肯出。 飽食腹膨脝，
8 箇是癡頑物。
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Hanshan’s Poems 205
HS 189
One vessel is cast from gold, Another is produced from clay. I give you both to look at now:
4 Which one is more authentic?
If you wish to know that there are two di erent vessels, You must know that their originary acts di ered. 1
Use this to investigate the Cause of our birth;
8 Practice is something you should cultivate now.
HS 190
Shattered is the lodge in the eld of weeds; Within, the smoke and re have spread.
I ask all the small children within:
4 “Just how long has it been since you were born? There are three carts outside the gate
To welcome you, but you won’t come out! You’re eating until your bellies swell:
8 What a bunch of fools you are! ”2
1 “Originary acts” is my translation for ye, the Buddhist term for actions that have karmic consequences. The poet is suggesting that the reason that people di er is because of their di erent karmic inheritances, just as vessels are made of di erent material.
2 This poem (as well as HS 255) is based on the famous “burning house” parable in the Lotus Sutra.
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206
寒山詩
HS 191
有身與無身，
是我復非我。
如此審思量，
4 遷延倚巖坐。 足間青草生， 頂上紅塵墮。 已見俗中人，
8 靈牀施酒果。 HS 192
昨見河邊樹，
摧殘不可論。
二三餘幹在，
4 千萬斧刀痕。 霜凋萎疏葉， 波衝枯朽根。 生處當如此，
8 何用怨乾坤。
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Hanshan’s Poems 207
HS 191
“There is a body and there is not a body; There is a Self and there is not a Self. ”
I deeply pondered in this way,
4 Lingering as I sat, leaning against a cli .
Green grass grew between my feet,
And red dust settled on top of my head.
You can already see people from the customary world
8 O ering wine and fruit at my spirit altar. 1
HS 192
Yesterday I saw a tree by the river, All shattered beyond description. Two or three of its trunks remained,
4 With a million scars of axe and blade.
Frost had blighted its sparse and drooping leaves, While currents pummeled its withered roots. Our sphere of life is just like that;
8 Pointless to resent Heaven and Earth.
1 The speaker has remained so motionless in mediation the local populace assumes either he is dead or that he is the statue of a divinity.
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208
寒山詩
HS 193
余見僧繇性希奇，
巧妙間生梁朝時。
道子飄然為殊特，
4 二公善繪手毫揮。 逞畫圖真意氣異， 龍行鬼走神巍巍。 饒邈虛空寫塵跡，
8 無因畫得志公師。 HS 194
久住寒山凡幾秋，
獨吟歌曲絕無憂。
蓬扉不掩常幽寂，
4 泉涌甘漿長自流。 石室地鑪砂鼎沸， 松黃柏茗乳香甌。 飢餐一粒伽陀藥，
8 心地調和倚石頭。
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Hanshan’s Poems 209
HS 193
I’ve seen Sengyou, by nature rare and strange;1
Clever and marvelous, he lived his days in the time of the Liang court. Daozi was light and free, truly exceptional;2
4 These two masters were good at painting, their hands wielded well the brush.
Flaunting their art, sketching the true, the force of their thoughts was distinctive:
Dragons moved forth and ghosts rushed out, their gods were awe- inspiring.
Granted they could draw illusions and sketch their dusty traces; 8 Yet they had no skill in capturing Master Baozhi. 3
HS 194
Long I’ve lived at Cold Mountain—for several autumns now. I hum a song to myself; I’ve got absolutely no worries.
I do not shut my rustic door, yet it’s always secluded and still;
4 The stream bubbles up with sweet nectar, always owing on its own. In stone chambers, in earthen furnace my smelting cauldron seethes; Pine Yellow and cypress brew, and pots of fragrant tea.
When hungry I eat a single grain of the agada drug;
8 I adjust the ground of my mind as I lean against a stone. 4
1 Zhang Sengyou ( . 490–540), a famous painter of religious subjects in the sixth century.
2 Wu Daozi (b. 680), one of the most famous painters of the Tang era.
3 For Baozhi, see HS 173. A Chan legend describes how the emperor once commanded Zhang Sengyou to paint Baozhi. Baozhi then slashed his own face with his nger,
revealing a twelve-faced Guanyin. Sengyou could not complete his task.
4 There are a number of references to drugs and potions here usually associated with Daoist practices. “Pine Yellow” refers to a brew made from pine tree pollen. Both that and tea made from cypress leaves were said to have positive medicinal e ects. “Fragrant tea” here is literally “milk fragrance,” a term used to refer to the fragrance from freshly brewed tea that comes from the cloudy froth on top of the infusion; in the Tang era, tea was still largely valued for its medicinal properties and was not a common beverage. “Agada” is a medicine mentioned in sutras, also used as a metaphor for helpful remedies (including spiritual ones). Though the import of the lines evokes Daoist longevity practices, the images themselves combine alchemy
with evocations of reclusion and Buddhism.
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210
寒山詩
HS 195
丹丘迥聳與雲齊，
空裡五峰遙望低。
雁塔高排出青嶂，
4 禪林古殿入虹蜺。 風搖松葉赤城秀， 霧吐中巖仙路迷。 碧落千山萬仞現，
8 藤蘿相接次連谿。 HS 196
千生萬死凡幾生，
生死來去轉迷盲。
不識心中無價寶，
猶似盲驢信腳行。
HS 197
老病殘年百有餘，
面黃頭白好山居。
布裘擁質隨緣過，
4 豈羨人間巧樣模。
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Hanshan’s Poems 211
HS 195
Cinnabar Hill thrusts far above, level with the clouds;1
The Five Peaks in the middle of the sky seem low when seen from afar. 2 Goose pagodas, loftily arrayed, emerge from the green cli s;3
4 Old buildings in the meditation forest merge into a rainbow. 4
Wind shakes the pine tree needles, and Redwall is magni cent;5
Mist comes out of Mid-Cli , concealing the Transcendents’ path. 6
A thousand hills in the blue empyrean display their myriad-fathomed
height;
8 And rattan vines join together in the midst of connected vales.